1、Lesson 33Out of the darkness darkness n.黑暗 explain v.解释，说明 coast n.海岸 storm n.暴风雨 towards prep.朝，向，接近 rock n.岩石 shore n.海岸 light n.灯光 ahead adv.在前面 cliff n.峭壁 struggle v.挣扎 hospital n.医院New words and expressinos darkness n.黑暗；暗 out of the darkness 冲出黑暗 The room was in darkness 房间一片漆黑构词法 dark (黑暗的)+n
2、ess(名词后缀)=darkness careful(细心的)+ness=carefulness(仔细)good+ness=goodness(仁慈)2.explain v.解释；叙述 explanation n.说明，解释explain sth.to sb.向某人解释某事Because Tom was late,he had to explain the reason to the teacher.因为汤姆迟到了，他不得不向老师解释原因。explain+that/wh-(从句)Tom was late and he explained that the bus had broken down.
3、explaination n.说明解释You must give me an explanation.你必须给我解释解释.coast n.海岸 shore n.海岸 She set out from a coast.他从海岸出发 seashore n.海岸 beach n.沙滩 bank n.河岸，坝，堤 storm n.暴风(雨)She was caught in a storm.她遇上了风暴 storm in a teacup 小题大做 snowstorm n.暴风雪 thunderstorm n.暴风雨 After a storm comes a calm.雨过天晴范围渐小 toward
4、s prep.向,朝,接近 We have to try hard towards success.我们要努力朝成功前进 He is walking towards here.他正朝这边走来。rock n.岩石,礁石;摇滚乐;摇摆 v,摇摆;震惊 The boat struck a rock.这艘船触礁了。The Presidents murder rocked the nation.总统遇刺震惊了全球。as firm as a rock 屹立不动的，值得信赖的.on the rocks 触礁，毁坏，破产.rock the boat 捣乱，搞破坏.light n.灯光，光线灯 Please t
5、urn on the light.请开灯 light tower 灯塔 light v.点亮，点灯，点火 light a cigarette 点燃一支烟 You light up my life.你照亮了我的一生 light adj.轻的，温柔的=gentle ahead adv.在前面 ahead 的用法：放在被修饰词的后面作定语,定语后置 There is a light ahead前方的灯光 ahead of 在前面 He went ahead of me.go ahead朝前走；请随便(回答请求时用)-Would you mind my using your phone?/Can I
6、use your telephone?-Ok,go ahead.-Can I smoke here?-Go ahead./Sorry,youd better not.struggle n.v.斗争，挣扎 She struggled up the cliffs.她挣扎着爬上峭壁 struggle against 与作斗争 In the film,human struggle against the aliens to protect the earth.在电影里，人类与外星人做斗争来保护地球。struggle for=fight for 为而斗争 In America,the black peo
7、ple are always struggling for their equal rights.在美国，黑人总是为他们的平等权利做斗争。hospital n.医院 不加the表功能；加the表地点。go to hospital go to the hospital 去住院去医院 be in hospital be in the hospital 在住院在医院 go to school go to the school 去上学去学校 go to church go to the church 去做礼拜去教堂 Further notes on the text1.Nearly a week pa
8、ssed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.几乎过了一个星期，那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。(1)这句话有两个从句。Before一直到结尾是句子的时间状语从句。在这个从句中，explain又有自己的宾语从句，what为这个从句的主语。(2)before在引导时间状语从句时，有时不一定译为“在之前”，虽然表达的是这个意思，如文中的这句话。类似的情况有：It will be months before he can come back.要过好几个月他才能回来。He ran off before his mother
9、 could stop him.他母亲还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。be able to;can can表示总的能力或客观存在的能力，只用于现在时和过去时；be able to 表示的是具体的能力，实际做到了或将会做到，能用于各种时态。He could walk forty miles a day in the past.(具备这种能力，但不一定实际去做。)He was able to walk forty miles a day last year.（不仅具有这种能力，而且实际做了。）2.One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small
10、boat and was caught in a storm.set out 出发，动身。set off 出发，使爆炸=set out from 从出发 Be careful with those fireworks;the slightest spark could set them off.这些烟火要格外小心，稍有火星就能引起爆炸。set to（动介短语）动手干,认真开始干 手头有足够的资料我们可以开始工作了。Having enough data in hand,we can set to work.set about 开始,着手 他在十岁时开始学中文。He set about learn
11、ing Chinese at age ten.be caught in 往往是指遇上“灾难、困难不好的境遇”。我遇上了一场暴风雪 I was caught in a snowstorm.He was caught in a heavy rain on the way home.他在回家途中遇到了大雨。3.Towards evening,the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.towards&to的区别Suddenly,one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it we
12、nt towards/to a passing boat.上句可知，towards和to都有朝什么方向去的意思，但towards可以表示时间，含义为“接近”或“将近”，而 to 并无此含义如文中的 towards evening4.Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.shore：是这三词中最普遍的一个，可指湖、海等的岸 the western shore of the Pacific 太平洋西岸 bank：河岸 Some children were playing games on the
13、 bank 有些小孩在河岸上嬉戏。coast：海岸，通常特指与海洋相接的整个一长条陆地；还常与地图、气候及海防有关 China has a very long coast.中国的海岸很长。Coast guard 海岸警卫队5.During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.during that time 是一般过去时的标志词 During that time she was responsible for typewriting.在那段时间里，她负责打字.cover vt.覆盖;采访,报导;涉及;包括 vi.代替;覆盖 n.盖子,
14、覆盖物;（书等的）封面;隐蔽,遮蔽;不管是“游过”，还是“飞过”，还是“爬过”等等，都可以用“cover”（覆盖）来表示这只鸟在三分钟之内飞了3英里 the bird covered three miles in three minutes.(3)表示具体的距离可以用“a distance of+具体长度”这个结构。6.Early next morning,she saw a light ahead.She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs.第二天凌晨，他看见前方有灯光，知道自己已经接
15、近岸边了，因为那灯光是高高的峭壁。high up on the cliffs 在高高的峭壁上 up为形容词，表示“在上面的”、“高高的”、“在较高处的”，high为副词，修饰up8.On arriving at the shore,the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.on+doing相当于as soon as刚听到这个消息，她就晕了过去。On hearing the news,she fainted.=When she heard the news,she faint.刚到家，天就开始下雨了。On arr
16、iving home,it began to rain.When she arrived home,it began to rain.如果是两个不同的主语，则不能使用“on+动名词”的结构！(2)she had seen为 the light的定语从句，关系代词 that/which省略了。(3)up 在此处为介词，表示“沿着往上”。9.That was all she remembered.When she woke up a day later,she found herself in hospital.他所记得的就是这些。第二天她醒来时，发现自己躺在医院里。that指前面(从第2句话开始
17、)描述的内容。she remembered为all 的定语从句，关系代词 that(不能用which)被省略了。语法小节 用于表示方向和目的地的介词和副词(也被称为小品词)(1)表示“上”、“下”的两对小品词是on和off，up和down：Jims standing on the roof.I hope he wont fall off.吉姆正站在房顶上。我希望他不会掉下来。Toms climbing up the tree.I hope he wont fall down.汤姆正在爬树。我希望他不要摔下来。(2)表示“来”、“去”的一对小品词是from和to、towards的意义与to相近，
18、表示“朝”、“向”、“接近”等;for在有些动词后面也表示“往”、“向”的意思：He came from Moscow.Hes going to New York.他从莫斯科来。他将要去纽约。He went towards the shop quickly.他快速地向商店走去。He left/set out for New York yesterday.他昨天动身去纽约了。(3)表示“进去”、“出来“这两种方向的介词为into和out of;表示“在某个地方”或“在里面/外面”可用 at，in，out of等;表示目的地或位置往往用at：When did you come into the r
19、estaurant?你什么时候进的餐馆?We arrived in the country on Sunday.星期天我们到达乡下。(范围大时用in)We arrived at the station in the evening.晚上我们到达车站。(范围小时用at)(4)表示“穿过”等动作时，往往用 through,across,under,over,round等We plan to travel through Japan(to travel in Japan)this summer.我们计划这个夏天去日本旅游Go across the brige and you will see a red house 过了桥你会看到一座红房子。I looked back _the girl,who was giving me a smile.The plane fliesMoscowNew York.（从莫斯科飞往纽约）We ranthe house.（从屋里跑出来）You werentthe restaurant when I come .(我进来的时候你不在餐馆。)语法小测out offromtotoinin1.d 2.b 3.d 4.a 5.c6.b 7.b 8.c 9.c 10.c11.a 12.cExercise on Page 157
