1、Unit 16 Stories Period FiveLanguage Awareness 1，Culture Corner & Bulletin Board.重点单词1surname n. 姓2occupation n. 职业，工作3baker n. 面包师4nickname n. 绰号，外号5invade vt. 侵略，侵犯invader n. 侵略者6inherit vt. 继承inheritance n. 继承.核心短语1work_out 算出，解出2refer_to 查阅；提到；涉及；提交3distinguish.from. 辨别与4on_the_other_hand 另一方面5ma
2、ke sense 有意义 6have a problem with /(in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 7in this case 在这种情况下 8rather than 而不是 .经典句型1不定式短语作后置定语The Chinese were the_first_nation_of_people_to_use surnames about 2,500 years ago.大约在2 500年前中华民族率先使用了姓氏。2rather than “而不是”，用来连接并列成分Other adverts play with words rather_than images.其他的广告玩弄文
3、字游戏而不是图像。3even if “即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句A son or daughter might inherit a nickname as a surname even_if they themselves did not share the particular characteristic.儿子或女儿可能因袭一个绰号作为自己的姓氏，即使他们本人却并不带有这种特点。1 (教材P15) Some adverts present us with a puzzle; they show an unusual image which at first doesnt make se
4、nse.有些广告一开始会给我们呈现一个谜；它们展示一个不寻常的画面，让我们开始时感到不解。(1)present sb.with sth.(present sth.to sb.)向某人赠送/颁发/授予某物present sb.to sb. 把某人介绍/引荐给某人(2)present(3)at present 目前，现在for the present 暂时，暂且即学即用(1)Finally, the mayor presented the medals to the winners.最后，市长把奖章颁发给了获胜者。(2)They walked around, hoping to be presen
5、ted to the queen.他们在一旁转悠，希望被引荐给女王。(3)Lets leave the things as they are for the present.我们暂且把东西放在原处吧。(4)Please present_your_ticket at the door.请在入口处出示你的票。(5)The guests present_today are all my friends and relatives.今天出席的客人都是我的亲友。(6)写出下列句子中present的汉语意思The people present at the party were his friends.出
6、席的，到场的The present situation is taking a turn for the better.现在的，目前的The presents to the children were very nice.礼物The famous scientist presented him with a dictionary.赠予2 (教材P16) During this period, most English names became unpopular and only a few popular names were available, such as William, Henr
7、y, John, Robert, Richard and Thomas.在那个时期，大多数英国名字变得不再流行，只有少数流行的名字为人所用，比如说威廉、亨利、约翰、罗伯特、理查德和托马斯。即学即用(1)This was the only room available.这是唯一可以用的房间。(2)We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.我们生活在这样一个时代，更多的信息比以往更容易获取。(3)All the books in the library will b
8、e available_to_us.图书馆中所有的书籍将供我们借阅。(4)There was no_seat_available in the bus when he got on.他上车时公交车上没有座位。3 (教材P16) Eventually, people had to start taking a surname to distinguish themselves from each other.最后，人们不得不开始使用姓氏来区分彼此。(1)distinguish.from.使区别于distinguish between.and. 区分和(2)distinguish oneself
9、(as.) (作为而)出众(3)distinguished adj. 著名的，高贵的即学即用(1)The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.这对双胞胎长得如此像，以至于没有人能把他/她们区分开。(2)We should distinguish between right and wrong.我们应当明辨是非。(3)单句语法填空She distinguished herself (she) in the debate.The young man is distinguished (distingui
10、sh) for his knowledge of economics.Speech can distinguish human beings from animals.1 (教材P15) Why do charity adverts have a problem holding peoples attention?为什么慈善广告在吸引人们的注意力上有困难？(2)no problem 没关系(回答谢意或表示歉意)即学即用(1)The baby has a problem eating nuts because he has no teeth yet.这小婴儿吃坚果有困难，因为他还没长牙。(2)W
11、e do have a problem in dealing with our relationship, but I feel that we can work it out.我们在处理我们之间的关系方面确实有些问题，不过我觉得我们能解决。(3)He had some trouble (in) making communication with others in words.他在口头交际方面有些吃力。(4)单句语法填空If you have any trouble in learning (learn) English, I can help you.There is much diffi
12、culty in finding (find) his office.It has become a heated issue that college students have difficulty finding (find) jobs.We take enough trouble to_pay (pay) the rent as it is!2 (教材P15) Some adverts present us with a puzzle; they show an unusual image which at first doesnt make sense.有些广告给我们呈现一个谜；它们
13、展示一个不寻常的画面，让我们开始时感到不解。make sense to sb.对某人来说有意义make sense of 理解；明白make no sense 没道理；没意义There is no sense in doing sth. 做没有意义in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense 绝不是；绝非common sense 常识即学即用(1)His argument does not make_sense to us.他的争论对我们没有意义。(2)It makes_sense to save some money for a rainy day.存一些钱以备不时
14、之需是明智的。(3)In_a_sense,_no country, big or small, should object to the trend of peace and development.从某种意义上来说，无论大小，没有哪个国家可以反对和平发展的趋势。(4)There_is_no_sense_in_worrying_about such a thing.为这样的事烦恼没有意义。(5)Weve been trying to make_sense_of our dreams.我们一直试图理解梦的含义。3 (教材P15) Because we have had to work out t
15、he solution, we will probably remember the product better.因为我们不得不找到解决方法，所以我们很可能会更好地记住那个产品。work as担任的工作，当work for 为工作work on 致力于即学即用(1)Anybody can work out that simple math problem.无论谁都会算出那道简单的数学题。(2)These athletes work_out at the gym for two hours every day.这些运动员每天都要在体育馆锻炼两个小时。(3)If anybody wants to
16、_work_on this, be my guest.如果哪位想做这个，请便。(4)I used_to_work_as a cleaner in a hospital.我过去在医院里做保洁员。4 (教材P15) At first, the words seem to refer to domestic violence, but then we realise the advert is a warning about eating highfat food!广告中首先映入眼中的词汇好像涉及家庭暴力，后来我们意识到这个广告是对吃高脂肪食物的警告！(1)refer to (to为介词)指的是；查
17、阅，参考；提到；涉及refer to.as. 把称为refer.to. 将提交给； 让参考(2)reference n. 提及；参考reference book 参考书联想归纳refer的过去式、过去分词及现在分词都要双写r再加ed或ing，即：referred, referred, referring。即学即用(1)You can refer to my notes if you review lessons.如果你复习功课的话，可以参考我的笔记。(2)The new law does not refer to the land used for farming.这项新法律不涉及农业用地。(
18、3)单句语法填空The problem the chairman referred to should be discussed at the meeting.English is referred to as a universal language.She made no reference (refer) to her illness but only to her future plans.(4)写出下列句中refer to的汉语意思He never referred to his sisters in his letters.谈到，提到If you dont know the spe
19、lling of a word, you should refer to a dictionary.查阅When I said some people were stupid, I wasnt referring to Jim.指的是The case referred to has been presented to the Supreme Court (最高法院)相关The special patient was referred to a specialist for treatment.把提交给5 in this case如果是这样的话，假若这样，在这种情况下(教材P15) In thi
20、s case, such hardhitting tactics are surely justified.如果是这样的话，这种强有力的冲击策略会被认为是完全有道理的。in that case 如果是那样的话，假如那样in any case 不管怎样，无论如何in no case 决不(放句首，句子用部分倒装结构)in case 以防万一；假如，假使(作连词或副词用)in case of 要是，在的时候；万一(作介词用)即学即用(1)In this case, we can only allow you a ten percent discount.这样的话，我们只可以给你10%的优惠。(2)
21、You dont like your job? In_that_case,_why dont you leave?你不喜欢这份工作？如果是那样的话，你为什么不辞职呢？(3)In_case_of emergency, please call the police as quickly as possible.如果有紧急情况，请尽快报警。(4)In_no_case_will I give in to the difficulties.无论如何我也不会向困难低头的。6 (教材P15) On the other hand, some adverts go too far when they are d
22、eliberately offensive.另一方面，一些广告太离奇了，他们恶意夸大事实。(1)on (the) one hand.on the other (hand)一方面另一方面(表达不同 的、对立的两个方面的观点)(2)for one thing.for another 首先其次(陈述一个事物的 两方面且两方面的情况通常表 示并列)(3)on the contrary 相反(表示相反的意见)联想归纳on the one hand “一方面”，常用作插入语，表示转折、对比，常构成“on (the) one hand.on the other (hand).”结构，表示“一方面另一方面”。
23、其中前面的the和后面的hand可以省略。即学即用(1)On one hand, he is a kind man, but on_the_other_hand he is very cruel to his enemy.一方面他是个善良的人，但另一方面他对敌人又很残酷。(2)On_the_one_hand I admire his gifts, but on the other I distrust his judgement.一方面我羡慕他的才华，而另一方面我却怀疑他的判断力。(3)Their criticism did not discourage me. On_the_contrary
24、,_I worked even harder.他们的批评并没有使我感到气馁。相反，我比以前更加努力了。(4)I havent got a car. For_one_thing I cant drive, and for another its too expensive for me.我还没有买车，一方面我不会驾驶，另一方面，车对我来说太贵了。rather than “而不是”，连接两个并列的成分。(1)rather than “而不是；与其不如”；用来连接并列成分，它可以连接名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、不定式、动词、分句等。rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语
25、动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to的不定式。(2)would rather do.than dowould do.rather than do. 宁可做而不愿做prefer to do.rather than do. 宁愿做也不愿做would rather从句主语or rather 更确切地说即学即用(1)I would rather die for my ideals than give in.我宁可为我的理想而死也不屈服。(2)I wo
26、uld have snack when Im travelling rather than have a full meal.我旅行时喜欢吃小吃而不吃正餐。(3)单句语法填空He would rather play football than stay at home.I would rather Tom came (come) here tomorrow.I think that it is I rather than my sister that am (be) to blame for what has happened.(教材P16) The Chinese were the firs
27、t nation of people to use surnames about 2,500 years ago. 大约在2 500年前中华民族率先使用了姓氏。句中to use surnames.为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the first nation of people。不定式作后置定语的情况：(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有next， only， last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability， chance， ambition， offer， anxiety， answer， reply， att
28、empt， belief， way， courage， opportunity等。(3)不定代词something， anything， nothing等后常用不定式作定语。(4)表示将来的动作时，需用不定式作后置定语。即学即用(1)Under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.中国在任何情况下都不会首先使用核武器。(2)I have no courage to try again after failure.失败后我没有勇气再去尝试。(3)单句语法填空Amy was the only person
29、to_witness (witness) the car accident.The ability to_express (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.He must be hungry. Give him something to_eat (eat)The airport to_be_completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.Something must be done to_reduce (reduce) the ra
30、te of traffic accidents.(教材P16) A son or daughter might inherit a nickname as a surname even if they themselves did not share the particular characteristic.儿子或女儿可能因袭一个绰号作为自己的姓氏，即使他们本人却并不带有这种特点。本句是一个主从复合句，其中“A son or daughter.surname”是主句，even if引导的是让步状语从句，相当于even though。(1)even if (even though) “即使，尽
31、管”，引导让步状语从句。(2)as if (as though)“好像，仿佛”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。(3)even so “尽管如此；即使这样”。即学即用(1)We should practice economy, even if/though we are rich.即使生活富裕了，也应该厉行节约。(2)Even_if/though I fail in the coming singing competition, I will never lose heart in the future.即使我在即将到来的歌咏比赛中失利，我也不会在未来丧失信心。(3)The fire was ou
32、t, but even_so,_the smell of smoke was strong.火已熄灭，但即使如此，烟味仍很浓。.单句语法填空1The prize money will be equally divided among the three winners.2I dont know whether the girls will make sense of this long speech.3Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. On the other hand,
33、 it could just put you in debt.4She prefers to stay at home rather than go to the theatre on Sundays.5It is said that a new shopping mall is being built in the city at present.6You may refer to a dictionary if you dont know how to pronounce a word.7The group often refers to themselves as volunteers.
34、8The Chinese nation is distinguished (distinguish) for its diligence and courage.完成句子1My job isnt well paid, but on_the_other_hand I dont have to work long hours.我的工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来说，我不必工作很长时间。2While having dinner, listen to some enjoyable music rather_than_watch_television.吃饭的时候听一些好听的音乐而不是看电视。3She was
35、 the_first_athlete_to_win the gold medal in the Rio Olympic Games.她是在里约奥运会上第一位获得金牌的运动员。4Even_if_we_achieve_great_success_in_our_work,_we should not be conceited.即使我们在工作中取得了很大的成绩，也不应该自满。5They had_no_difficulty_(in)_working_out the difficult problem.他们毫不费力地解决了这个难题。6Please refer_to the attachments which include the application form and resume.请参考所附的包括申请表格和履历表的材料。
