1、Unit 4Sharing Section Grammar复习限制性定语从句思维导图语法精讲一、概述一般来说，英语中用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般置于被修饰词之后，且有引导词引导。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。定语从句根据它与被修饰词之间的关系分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。In my opinion, not only can volunteer work help me enrich my knowledge and experience, but also it can help those who ar
2、e in need.(限制性定语从句)我认为，志愿者工作不仅能帮助我丰富我的知识和阅历，而且还能帮助那些有需要的人。In addition, I highly recommend that you visit www.study.C, which offers you a lot about Chinese culture, songs and movies and so on.(非限制性定语从句)此外，我极力推荐你访问www.study.C网站，它能为你提供大量的中国文化、歌曲、电影等等。二、关系代词引导的定语从句1分类、功能及句法作用关系代词先行词功能及句法作用who人主语、宾语whom人
3、宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语，宾语和表语The other day, I helped an old man who/that lost his way.前几天，我帮助了一位迷路的老人。A prosperity which/that has never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。Lucy is a beautiful and sm
4、art girl (who/whom) everyone envies.露西是个人人都羡慕的漂亮、聪明的女孩。He is such a kind person as we all like.他是个我们都喜欢的善良的人。名师点津关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。2注意事项(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。The number of the people who/that come to visit the city each year rises by 15%.来这座城市游览的人数每年增加15%。Anyone who breaks the law
5、 will be punished.任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。名师点津当先行词为“one of复数名词”时，从句的谓语用复数；当先行词为“the only one of复数名词”时，从句的谓语用单数。She is one of the students who study hard.她是这些学习刻苦的学生中的一个。She is the only one of the students who studies hard.她是这些学生中唯一一个学习刻苦的。(2)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，指人的关系代词who可以代替whom。关系代词指物时则可以用which或that。如果关系代词前有介词，则只
6、能用whom或which。I should make an apology to the man at whom I yelled this morning.我应该向那个今天早晨我向他大嚷大叫的人致歉。It is the TV series about which we talked the other day.这就是我们前几天谈论的电视剧。(3)关系代词whose既可以指人也可以指物，它只能在定语从句用作定语。It is a remote border town whose name I have forgotten.那是一个我忘了名字的偏远的边境小镇。(4)“介词关系代词”类的定语从句，先
7、行词指人时用whom；指物时用which。介词的确定主要取决于三个原则“一是与先行词的搭配；二是与从句中动词的搭配；三是上下文表达的需要”。The man who you talked with just now is our manager.The man with whom you talked just now is our manager.你刚才与他谈话的那个人就是我们的经理。The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what was happening outside.这个淘气的男孩在墙上挖了
8、一个通过它他能看到外面发生的事情的洞。名师点津如果从句的谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语或固定搭配，则该介词不宜放在关系代词的前面。Those are the requirements (which/that) we cant put up with.那些是我们不能忍受的条件。(5)关系代词宜用that而不用which的情况当先行词是：all, any, anything, everything, nothing或被它们修饰时。All that glitters is not gold.闪光的东西并非都是金子。In China，parents always do everything that t
9、hey can to support their children.在中国，父母总是尽他们所能来抚养孩子。当先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级，以及被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。当先行词含the only; the very; the same; the last等时。This is
10、the only dress (that) she has.这是她仅有的一条裙子。当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。以who, which开头的特殊疑问句中有定语从句时。Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。My hometown is no longer the place that
11、it used to be.我的家乡不再是它以前的那个样子了。名师点津口诀巧记“关系代词宜用that而不用which的情况”：先行若是不定代，选用that不用猜；序词形副最高级；特词“仅有”和“同一”；有物有人作表语；that免重有道理。(6)as引导的限制性定语从句。as常与such, the same, so等组成关联词组来引导限制性定语从句。I have never heard such a story as he told.我从没听过他讲的那样的故事。名师点津such/the same/so等与as或that组成关联词组引导从句时，如果as或that在从句中充当主语或宾语，那么as或t
12、hat引导的从句就是定语从句，否则，它们引导的就是状语从句。He is such a good boy that everyone likes him.他是那么好的一个男孩以至于人人都喜欢他。(状语从句)He is such a good boy as everyone likes.(定语从句)他是那么好的人人都喜欢的一个男孩。三、关系副词引导的定语从句1分类、功能及句法作用关系副词引导的限制性定语从句中，关系副词相当于“介词关系代词”。关系副词先行词功能及句法作用when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点状语why原因名词原因状语This was the time when/at whi
13、ch she left for Beijing.这就是她动身去北京的时间。The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where/at which he can walk correctly and safely.治疗将会持续到病人能独立安全地行走为止。I dont know the reason why/for which he didnt come to the meeting yesterday morning.我不知道他为什么没有参加昨天上午的会议。名师点津注意：关系副词when和where转换成“介词
14、关系代词”时可根据先行词、从句的谓语及句意等来决定适当的介词。why只能用for which来替换。2注意事项(1)当position, situation, stage, point, case等表示地点且作先行词时，定语从句用where；当occasion; point; stage等表示时间且作先行词时，其定语从句的关系词用when。We had reached the point when there was no money.我们那时已到了没有一分钱的时刻。The patient has reached a point where medicine cant help.病人已到了药物
15、无法治疗的地步。(2)the way作先行词且后接定语从句时，若它在从句中作状语，则引导词用in which或that，此时，引导词可以省略。若它在从句中作主语或宾语时，则引导词用that或which，作宾语时，引导词也可以省略。The way (that/in which) he treats his children is very good.他对待孩子的方式非常好。.用适当关系词填空1Ive missed you a lot, thinking about those happy moments when we stayed with you.2A buildityourself sol
16、ar still is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.3When summer vacation for us students comes every year, we can do all that we cant do during our school time.4The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employee
17、s enjoy their work.5As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.6Well reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.7The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those whose live
18、s were affected.8Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.9During my school years, I took an active part in many social activities in which I performed well and gained rich experience.10He is such a lazy person as nobody wants to work with.补全句子(注意使用定语
19、从句)1We are going to meet at the school gate at 7 am and cycle to the nearby mountain where_we_can_go_hiking (我们可以去远足的) and enjoy a picnic.2If there_is_anything_that_I_can_help_you (有任何我可以帮助你的事情), please dont hesitate to tell me.3The little problems (that)_we_meet_in_our_daily_lives (我们在日常生活中遇到的) may
20、 be inspirations for great inventions.4Any student who_is_interested (感兴趣的) is welcome to participate.5I live next door to a couple whose_children_often_make_a_lot_of_noise (他们的孩子经常吵吵闹闹)6September 30 is the day by_which_you_must_pay_your_bill (你必须支付账单的最后期限)7As is known to us all, not all the people are willing to vote for the people who_are_eager_to_be_the_winners_ (渴望成为获胜者的) in competitions.8Besides, we are to build a small garden in_which/where_we_can_do_some_reading_and_take_a_rest (我们可以读书和休息的)
