1、Unit 51.Remind the students of the five great authoresses in the English literary world in the 19th century.RevisionLead inCheck the students understanding of the following sentences with the nominative absolute constructions.1.The three Bront sisters adopting this practice,Mary Ann Evans did the sa
2、me and wrote under the name of George Eliot.2.With the 19th century being regarded as one of great women writers,there were also some excellent male authors.3.These women having produced works of the highest quality,any survey of the 19th century English literature must include them.1.构成:独立主格结构由名词或代
3、词加上其他成分(分词,不定式,名词,代词,形容词,副词或介词短语)构成,在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子,在意思上依附于整个句子。构成如下:Grammarthe Nominative Absolute Construction(独立主格结构)(1)名词(代词)+现在分词,过去分词(2)名词(代词)+形容词(3)名词(代词)+副词(4)名词(代词)+不定式(5)名词(代词)+介词短语2.独立主格结构的特点:(1)独立主格结构的作用相当于状语从句,可表示 时间,原因,条件,行为方式或伴随情况;(2)独立主格结构可置于句首,也可以放在句尾;(3)独立主格结构主要用于书面语;(4)独立主格结构的逻辑
4、主语与句中的语法主语不同,不指同一个人或同一事物;(5)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;(6)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系;(7)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开（8）过去分词表示被动，逻辑主语承受动作；分词的完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。e.g.1).The test finished,we began our holiday.=When the test was finished,we began our holiday.2).The president assassinated,the whole country w
5、as in deep sorrow.3).Weather permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.4).He came into the room,his ears red with cold.5).He came out of the library,a large book under his arm.3.with 的复合结构作独立主格表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with 的复合结构。其结构如下:(1)with+名词/代词宾格+介词短语(2)with+名词/代词宾格+分词(3)with+名词/代词宾格+不定式(4)with+名词
6、/代词宾格+形容词/副词(5)with+名词/代词宾格+名词e.g.1).The teacher entered the classroom,e.g.1).The teacher entered the classroom,with a book in his hand.with a book in his hand.2).The classroom is very bright 2).The classroom is very bright with with all the lights turned on.all the lights turned on.3).I cant go out
7、,3).I cant go out,with a lot of work to with a lot of work to do.do.4).Dont talk 4).Dont talk with your mouth full.with your mouth full.5).He fought the tiger 5).He fought the tiger with a stick as with a stick as his only weapon.his only weapon.4 独立主格结构的句法功能(1)作时间状语 The meeting over,they left the h
8、all.(2)作原因状语My watch having been lost,I didnt know what time it was.(3)作条件状语 Time permitting,I shall go to the cinema with you.(4)描述伴随行为或补充说明 Mary entered the room,with a big apple in her hand.He stood there,with his hands in his pockets.1.Once the dark clouds disappeared,the sun shone again.Once th
9、e dark clouds having disappeared,the sun shone again.2.As the chairman is ill,we had better put the meeting off.As the chairman being ill,we had better put the meeting off.Exercise3.The water had risen so high in the night.It was impossible to cross the river.The water having risen so high in the ni
10、ght.It was impossible to cross the river.4.We went into a large room.Many tables and chairs were placed in it.Many tables and chairs being placedin the large room,We went into it.1.Rewrite the following sentences,making them more colloquial.1)The last bus having gone,I had to walk home.I had to walk
11、 home because the last bus had gone.USING STRUCTURESUSING STRUCTURES2)All possibilities considered,I think we ought to make a decision.I think we ought to make a decision after considering all possibilities.3)All the desk and chairs having beenmended,the carpenter packed up his tools and went home.T
12、he carpenter packed up his tools and went home after all the desks and chairs had been mended.4)All the compositions having beencollected,Miss Gao sent the class home.Miss Gao sent the class home once all the compositions had beencollected.2.Read and translate the passage into Chinese.Underline the
13、examples of the nominative absolute construction in the passage.Then rewrite it using a more colloquial style.This machine can help you sleep by removing all problems from your mind and providing you with calm and peace.Personality permitting,the machine puts you to sleep within one hour.Volunteers
14、are asked to lie on a bed,with theirhands by their sides.The relaxometer is placed around their heads.Quiet and calming music being played,the supervisor monitors the effect of the relaxometer on the patient.The volunteer becoming sleepy,the supervisor arranges for the bed to rock gently.Regular bre
15、athing beginning,it is clear that the relaxometer is doing its job well.It is expected that only the most difficult cases will remain awake,the supervisor being in constant attendance to make sure there is no accident.Coming with a lifetime guarantee,this machine can be rented or brought in all big
16、supermarkets.1._ I attended the meeting instead of 2.him last Monday.A.He was ill B.His being ill C.Him being ill D.He being illChoose the best answers.2._,Ill go over all these lessons3.before the exam.A.If time permit will B.Time permitting C.If time permitted D.Time permits3._,he drew a conclusio
17、n.A.The experiment B.The experiment making C.The experiment having been done D.The experiment madeA.The exam to be held B.The exam will hold C.The exam holds D.The exam holding4._ tomorrow,I couldnt go to the cinema tonight.A.All things be considered B.All things consideredC.All things having consid
18、eringD.All things considering 5._,her paper is of greater value than yours.6.A new technique _,the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A.working out B.having worked out C.having been worked out D.to have been worked out 7.The decision _,the next problem was how to make a good a good plan.A.hav
19、ing made B.having been making C.having been made D.been made8.The teacher walked into the classroom _.A.with a book in hand B.hand with a book C.being with a book in hand D.to have a book in hand9._ no homework left,the pupils could do whatever they liked.A.There being B.There had C.There to be D.There having
