1、Direct Speech and Indirect Speech(I):statements and questionsUnit 1 Friendship GrammarObjectiveTo learn and use the direct speech and the indirect speech in statements and questions.语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。“I dont want to set down a series of facts i
2、n a diary,”said Anne.Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.direct speechindirect speechindirect speechdirect speech“Does a friend always have to be a person?”the writer asks us.The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.Observe and fill inWhatre the dif
3、ferences between direct speech and indirect speech?Differencesdirect speechindirect speechTo report what exactly has been saidThe words usually appear in quotation marksTo report what has been said without using the exact wordsNo quotation marks引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫_;直接引语用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫_。间接引语直接引语通常都用_括起
4、来，引号“”间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个_。宾语从句How to change direct speech intoindirect speech?a.Change what has been said to an object clause or an infinitive phrase;b.Change personal pronouns;c.Change tenses;d.Change adverbials of time andplace;e.Other cases.He said,“I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very
5、 much.He said to me,“Ive left my book in yourroom.He told me that he had left his book in my room.b.Change personal pronouns:I said to her,“I have done my best.”I told her that I had done my best.Direct speechIndirect speechDirect speechIndirect speechSimple presentSimple futurePresent continuousPas
6、t perfectSimple pastPresent perfectcontinuousPresent perfectPast continuousPast perfectPast perfectFuture in the pastPast perfectPast perfectcon-tinuousc.The changes of the tensesSimple past He said,“I lost a key here yesterday.”He said that he had lost a key there the day before/the previous day.“I
7、 read the book here a week ago,”Jane said to him.Jane told him that she had read the book there a week before.d.Change adverbials of time and placeDirect speechIndirect speechnowthentodaythat day/on Saturday,etc.tomorrowthe next day/the following day/on Tuesday,etc.yesterdaythe day before/the previo
8、us day/on Tuesday,etc.next weekthe week after/the following week,etc.last yearthe year before/the previous year,etc.a week ago a week before/a week earlier,etc.Direct speechIndirect speechthisthatthesethoseheretherecomegobringtakee.Other casesShe said,“Ill come here again tonight.”She said she would
9、 go there again that night.He said,“I want this.”He said that he wanted that.May said to Tom,“Ill bring some photos here to you tomorrow.”May told Tom she would take some photosthere to him the next day.由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1.不变的真理The teacher said to the students,“Water freezes when the temperature
10、 falls below 0.”The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.2.经常的习惯He said to the doctor,“I smoke two packs every day.”He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.3.历史事件The teacher said,“World War II ended in 1945.”The teacher said that World War II
11、ended in 1945.4.部分情态动词,如must,ought to,used to,had better等She said to me,“You must hurry up.”She said that I must hurry up.1.转述他人的陈述陈述句 She asked me what I was doing.He said,“Im going to Beijing.”He said that he was going to Beijing.He asked,“Are you a teacher?”He asked me if/whether I was a teacher.
12、She said,“What are you doing?”2.转述他人的疑问一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题特殊疑问句解题步骤:1.陈述句:“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont likecomputers.tolddidntsheSarah told her friends that she didntlike computers.Tom said(that)there wasnt any trouble and that he was waiting for
13、 hischange.注意:当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时,仅能省略第一个that,其余的不能省略。Tom said,“There isnt any trouble andIm waiting for my change(零钱).”2.一般疑问句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?(They asked him)They asked him ifIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it is easy to improve the condition of the soi
14、l.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.3.特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat?(They asked him)They asked him whenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.heharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.harvested直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)陈述句Jane said,“Im very fo
15、nd of traveling.”that引导的名词性从句Jane said that she wasvery fond of traveling.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)一般疑问句“Is this your umbrella,Mary?”asked John.whether/if引导的名词性从句John asked Mary ifthat was her umbrella.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)特殊疑问句“Mary,when will you return me the book?”asked John.wh-词引导的名词性从句John asked Mary whe
16、nshe would return him the book.由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引起时态的变化,注意以下几个方面。直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时She often says,“All men and women are equal under the law.”从句动词时态不变She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:一般现在时“I know it,”he sa
17、id.一般过去时He said that he knew it.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:现在进行时“Immaking coffee for you all,”she said.过去进行时She said shewas making coffee for us all.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:现在完成时“I have seen her before,”said he.过去完成时He said he had seen her before.直接
18、引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:现在完成进行时He said,“Ihave beendoing it for hours.”过去完成进行时He said he had been doing it for hours.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:一般过去时“I saw her last Monday,”he said.过去完成时He said he had seen her the previous Monday.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词
19、为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:过去进行时“I was waiting for Jim,”she said.过去完成进行时She said she had been waiting for Jim.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:过去完成时“Do you know Rick had beenill in bed for many days till he died?”Jack asked.过去完成时Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for m
20、any days till he died.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:一般将来时He said,“We shallstart tomorrow.”过去将来时He said theywould start the next day.Review1.直接引语和间接引语的概念。2.直接引语和间接引语之间如何相互转换。3.注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。Individual activity注:另附 word 文档。点击此处链接1.Jack said to me,“You look worried t
21、oday.”Jack told me that _ worried _.A.he looked today B.you look today C.we looked that day D.I looked that dayQuiz I:Multiple choice 2.We said to her,“Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _.A.we were walking then B.you are walking now C.they were walking then
22、 D.they walking now 3.Mr Black said,“I have walked a long way this week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _.A.I had walked last week B.he had walked that week C.I walked last week D.he has walked this week4.The man thought,“I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _.A.I shal
23、l tomorrow B.I shall the next day C.he should tomorrow D.he would the next day 5.They said to us,“Are you afraid to leave this house?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house.A.that were we this B.that we were that C.if were we this D.if we were that6.Jane said,“What did he hear about a week ago?”Jan
24、e asked _ about _.A.that he heard a week ago B.what he had heard a week before C.what he had heard a week ago D.if he heard a week ago7.She asked,“Whose house will he break into next time?”She asked whose house _ break into _.A.will he next time B.would he the next time C.he would the next time D.he
25、 will next time 8.Jack said to her,“Where do you spend your holidays?”Jack asked her where _ holidays.A.she spent her B.you spend your C.she spend her D.you spent your9.Black asked me,“Why havent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet.A.I hadnt left there B.I havent left here C.hadnt I left the
26、re D.havent I left here 10.The teacher asked her,“Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A.if rise B.if rises C.whether rose D.whether did riseQuiz II A)根据句型及句意将下列直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词。1.Alice said,“Ive just got a letter from my father.”Alice said that _ _ just got a
27、letter from _ father.sheherhad2.Jane asked Dick,“Have you finished writing the report?”Jane asked Dick _ _ _ _ writing the report.whether/ifhefinishedhad3.Mr.Smith said to the girl,“I will come here to see you next Sunday.”Mr.Smith _ the girl that _ _ _ there to see _ _ _ Sunday.toldhe would goherth
28、e followingB)根据句型及句意将下列间接引语变为直接引语，每空一词。1.He told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.He _ _ me,“A friend in need _ a friend indeed.”saidis to2.She said that she had received a letter two days before.She said,“_ _ a letter _ _ _.”3.He asked me whether I liked black tea or green tea.He asked me,“_ _ _ black tea or green tea?”Itwo days agoDo youlikereceived
