1、广西藤县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习及答案阅读理解训练(2015江西省上饶市三模)When Abraham Lincoln was young, he worked in a store. One day a woman came into the store and bought some things. They added up to two dollars and six and a quarter cents.The bill was paid, and the woman was entirely satisfied. But the young storekeeper,
2、not feeling quite sure as to the accuracy of his calculations, added up the things again. To his surprise he found that it should have been but two dollars.“ Ive made her pay six and a quarter cents more, ”said Abe, disturbed.It was an unimportant thing, and many clerks would have forgotten it, but
3、Abe was too conscientious for that. “ The money must be paid back, ”he decided.At night, he closed the store, and walked to the home of his customer. He explained the matter, paid over the six and a quarter cents, and returned satisfied.Here is another story of young Lincolns strict honesty. A woman
4、 entered the store and asked for half a pound of tea. The young clerk weighed it out. This was the last sale of the day.The next morning, when beginning his duties, Abe discovered a fourounce weight on the scales. It flashed upon him at once that he had used this in the sale of the previous night, a
5、nd so, of course, given his customers short weight. I am afraid that there are many country merchants who would not have been much worried by this discovery. But Abe weighed out the balance of the half pound, shut up the store, and carried it to the defrauded customer. I think my young readers will
6、begin to see that the name so often given, in later times to President Lincoln, of “Honest Old Abe, ”was well deserved. A man who begins by strict honesty in his youth is not likely to change as he grows older, and mercantile honesty is some guarantee of political honesty.文章大意：本文是小故事。文章主要讲述了亚伯拉罕林肯小时
7、候的诚实守信的故事。1We know from the text that Abe _. Acharged less for the womanBtricked the woman on purpose Cwas careful and responsibleDwas confident of his calculations答案：C推理判断题。charged less for the woman少收那位妇女的钱；tricked the woman on purpose故意糊弄了那位妇女；was careful and responsible认真而且有责任心；was confident of
8、his calculations对他的计算很有信心。根据文章中叙述的两个故事以及文中的最后一段推断选C。2From the underlined sentence, we can see that the author _. Aspeak highly of Abraham Lincoln Blearns how to succeed in the political field Ccomes to understand the importance of honesty Dhopes to give readers some personal suggestions答案：A推理判断题。spe
9、ak highly of Abraham Lincoln高度赞扬林肯； learns how to succeed in the political field学会了如何在政治领域成功；comes to understand the importance of honesty渐渐理解了诚实的重要性；hopes to give readers some personal suggestions希望给读者提出自己的建议。通读全文，根据该画线句前的I think my young readers will begin to see that the name so often given, in l
10、ater times to President Lincoln, of “Honest Old Abe, ”was well deserved可推断作者是对林肯行为的高度赞扬。故选A。3What does the author mainly intend to tell us? ABetter late than never.BHonesty is the best policy. CA good name is better than gold.DWhere there is a will there is a way.答案：B推理判断题。Better late than never再晚不嫌
11、迟； Honesty is the best policy诚实是最好的策略； A good name is better than gold好名声比金子更重要； Where there is a will there is a way有志者事竟成。根据文章叙述的两个故事和最后一段作者对林肯行为的高度赞扬，作者应该是想告诉我们：诚实是最好的策略。故选B。 史地自然型阅读理解(一)-(一)The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Naur
12、us heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.For thousands of years，Polynesian people lived in the remote island of Nauru，far from western civilization.The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798.He was the British captain of the Hunter,
13、 a whaling ship.He called the island Pleasant Island.However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first.The whaling ships and other traders began to visit，bringing guns and alcohol.These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the
14、 island.A tenyear civil war started，which reduced the population from 1，400 to 900.Naurus real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐)on the island.In fact，it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate，which was a very important fertilizer for farm
15、ing.The company began mining the phosphate.A phosphate mine was not a hole in the ground；it was a strip mine.When a company stripmined，it removed the top layer of soil.Then it took away the material it wanted.Strip mining totally destroyed the land.Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to lo
16、ok like the moon.In 1968，Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition，they used millions more dollars for pe
17、rsonal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000，Nauru was financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately$433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the is
18、land.This will probably never happen.1What might be the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo seek help for Naurus problems.BTo give a warning to other countries.CTo show the importance of money.DTo tell a heartbreaking story of a war.2What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?ARich and powerf
19、ul.BModern and open.CPeaceful and attractive.DGreedy and aggressive.3The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from_Asoil pollutionBphosphate overminingCfarming activityDwhale hunting4Which of the following was a cause of Naurus financial problem?AIts leaders misused the money.BIt spent too much rep
20、airing the island.CIts phosphate mining cost much money.DIt lost millions of dollars in the civil war.5What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?AThe ecological damage is difficult to repair.BThe leaders will take the experts words seriously.CThe island was abandoned by the Nauruans.DThe
21、 phosphate mines were destroyed.(一)【要点综述】文章主要讲述了太平洋岛国瑙鲁如何从一个环境优美的天堂岛变成一个生态失衡、满目疮痍的小岛。1B 写作意图题。由文章第一段的“Now it is an ecological disaster area.Naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.”可以看出，作者的目的是给当前很多只注重发展经济而忽略环境保护的国家一个警告。故选B项。2. C细节理解题。从第
22、一段提到的“太平洋上的国家瑙鲁岛曾经是一个美丽的地方”看出，瑙鲁岛是attractive；由第二段第一句以及第三段第一句可知，上千年来，瑙鲁岛的人们生活在偏远的小岛上，过着平静的生活。故选C项。3B 细节理解题。由最后一段的“Soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.”可以得知“磷酸盐逐渐减少，开采殆尽”。由此可以看出，“磷酸盐的过量开采
23、”导致了生态灾难。故选B项。4A 细节理解题。由最后一段的“Unfortunately，the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition，they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.”看出，是领导人不正确使用资金导致了财政问题。故选A项。5A 推理判断题。文章最后告诉我们：Experts say that it would take approximately $433，600，000 and more than 20
24、years to repair the island.也就是说，瑙鲁岛上的生态损失弥补起来需要大量的资金和时间，即选项所说的“修复起来很难”。故选A项。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Dutch treat is a late-nineteenth-century term, and it originally refers to a dinner where everyone is expected to pay for his own share of the food and drink. If people go “Dutch treat”, or
25、 simply “go Dutch”, it means that they will share the expenses of a social engagement. There are many other “Dutch” expressions in English, many of which were invented in Britain in the seventeenth century, when the Dutch and the English were commercial and military rivals. The British used “Dutch”
26、to refer to something bad, cheap and shameful. A “Dutch bargain” at that time was an uneven, one-sided deal; “Dutch reckoning” was an unitemized account; and “Dutch widow” was slang for prostitute. Later centuries brought in “Dutch courage”, for bravery induced by drink; “Dutch concert”, for discord
27、ant music; “Dutch nightingale”, meaning a frog; and “double Dutch”, for incomprehensible language, or unintelligible talk. Some of the expressions are still in use today, but some are not. In fact, in American English, some “Dutch” expressions have nothing to do with the Dutch, but something with th
28、e German. It was probably because of the similar spelling and pronunciation that people made a mistake in distinguishing between “Dutch” and “Deutsch” (the German word for German), when German immigrants came to America in the 1700s. For instance, “the Pennsylvania Dutch” refers to the German descen
29、dants, instead of the Dutch descendants, living in Pennsylvania. 56. Many of the “Dutch” expressions were invented with derogatory (贬义) sense, because . A. The Dutch were underdeveloped people. B .Britain and Holland were competitors at that time. C. The Dutch had many bad habits. D. The British wer
30、e superior to the Dutch. 【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据when the Dutch and the English were commercial and military rivals. 英国和荷兰进行商业和军事竞争，故选B。57. With the information you get from Paragraph 2, make a guess at the meaning of the sentence “You are in Dutch”. It probably means .A.You are in Holland. B. You are welc
31、ome. C. You are in trouble. D. You are lucky.【答案】C【解析】句意猜测题。根据The British used “Dutch” to refer to something bad and shameful.因为Dutch指的是不好可耻的事情，所以这句应该理解为“你有麻烦了”，故选C。58. According to the passage, some native American “Dutch” expressions were related to the German instead of the Dutch, simply because
32、.A. People hated the German as much as the Dutch. B.People made a mistake at the beginning. C.People made a joke about the German.D.The German immigrants proclaimed that they were Dutch. 【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据It was probably because of the similar spelling and pronunciation that people made a mistake in
33、distinguishing between “Dutch” and “Deutsch” (the German word for German),是因为人们在开始时出现了错误，故选B。文化教育型阅读理解(二)- (三)Recently, a student used his Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) to film a female teacher scolding and tearing the work of a classmate. The public discussion that the incident caused started on
34、 the Internet. However, when it came to the medias attention, it quickly became a major topic in the education circles. The reactions so far suggest that the focus of the debate has been on one question: whom to blame?Teachers who are anxious to defend their professional dignity have tried to put th
35、e blame on the students. They mentioned their right to privacy(隐私)and for this reason they requested the Ministry of Education (MOE) to prohibit PDAs in schools. On the other hand, some parents and students have taken a different position. They feel that the teacher is also at fault. Caught up in th
36、e war of words between both sides, people are no longer interested in the “truth” of the matter which seems now unimportant. It was left to newspapers to discover the central point of the controversial issue, by stressing the problems that are not always easily noticed in our educational system.For
37、those responsible for educating the young, this PDA incident conveys the message that “times have changed”，a reality that must have been felt even more strongly by the female teacher when reflecting on this unpleasant experience. Different times call for different professional approaches in educatio
38、n. The ability to understand the students they are teaching has always been the quality of successful teachers. Despite some factors, the incident shows that the teacher lacks good qualities on her part. Besides, the rules under current system to deal with recalcitrant students need to be improved.
39、Also, it is an example which shows the issue we are familiar with: what to do with new technology? With PDAs, the new technology, the interaction (交流)between the teachers and students in classroom has been changed.1The authors purpose in writing this passage is to_.Aimprove the teachers way of teach
40、ingBstress the using of PDAs in the classroomCchange the students behaviour in the classroomDdiscuss the potential problems of educational system2The underlined word “recalcitrant” in Paragraph 3 probably means“_”Adifficult to controlBinterested in nothingCunwilling to learnDready to obey rules3The
41、writers attitude towards the PDA incident is_.Aoptimistic BcriticalCuncertain Dapprovable4What might be the best title for the passage?AWhom to blame?BThe PDA incidentCTimes have changedDWhat to do with new technology? (三)【要点综述】本文就一段由学生用PDA录制的视频展开讨论。在科技迅速发展的今天，应该责备学生侵犯了老师的个人隐私，还是整个教育系统的教育模式应该做出适应科技发
42、展的改革？1D作者意图题。根据文章可知作者意在讨论教育体系的潜在问题。故选D项。2A词义猜测题。由第三段中“Besides，the rules under current system to deal with recalcitrant students need to be improved.”的关键词rules 和to deal with 可知，规则要针对的必然是难管理的学生。故选A项。3B推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Despite some factors，the incident shows that the teacher lacks good qualities on her part.Besides，the rules under current system to deal with recalcitrant students need to be improved.”可以判断出，作者对整个事件持批判态度。故选B项。4A主旨大意题。文章以PDA事件为引子，探讨现行教育存在的问题，及谁该对此问题负责。故选A项。
