1、典型技巧07 文章特点与意图推理【考情角度】考情分析抒情类记叙文在叙述的过程中蕴含着某种情感，无论友谊或关爱都体现了正能量。叙事是一种手段，抒情才是目的。考查角度常考查细节理解题、隐含推断题，偶尔考查写作意图题。【真题再现】(2017全国卷B)主题语境：人际沟通， when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody
2、as wellknown as Paulhe me. I dont know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came
3、 from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were craft (技艺) and focused on the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each otherbut always with an affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of
4、our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put something backhe with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didnt see
5、each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other and by at events. Hed been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didnt talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.1.Why was the studio ？A. Paul N
6、ewman wanted it.B. The studio powers didnt like his agent.C. He wasnt famous enough.D. The director recommended someone else.2.Why did Paul and the author have a ？A. They were of the same age.B. They worked in the same theater.C. They were both good actors.D. They had similar characteristics.3.What
7、does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Their belief.B. Their care for children.C. Their success.D. Their support for each other.4.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To show his love of films.B. To remember a friend.C. To introduce a new movie.D. To share his actin
8、g experience.答案与解析：1.C2.D3.A4.B1.由题干关键词定位到“时间1”所在第1段，由特殊符号“”之间的wanted somebody as wellknown as Paul可知答案，同时注意同义转换。2.由题干关键词lasting friendship可知，此处是友谊的升华，由第二段最后两句可知，他们有着共同的品质。3.sharing的宾语与该段首句中的宾语相同。4.由该记叙文的时间发展顺序和情感顺序可推断文章是在回忆一个朋友。【技巧释义】根据文体特点和主旨推意图情感1：初见之拔刀相助didnt want mehe stood up for me情感2：共同的兴趣和信
9、念促进两人之间的深厚友谊和互相支持Both of us had the qualities and virtues . shared the belief that . supported each other(可解第2题)情感3：感情升华虽话少但胜过千言万语【词汇积累】virtue n.美德，优秀品质，优点underlying adj.根本的respectful adj.有礼貌的financially adv.财政上stand up for支持；维护dig into钻研be respectful of 尊重【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）1People climbing Mount Eve
10、rest are two times as likely to reach the top and less likely to die on the climb than 20 years ago, a new study finds. Everest, high in the Himalayans, is the tallest mountain above sea level on Earth. It reaches 8,848 meters into the sky.Between 2006 and 2019, around two thirds of climbers were su
11、ccessful in their attempt to reach the top. In the 15 years before that, only about one-third went all the way to the top.The number of attempts to reach the top of Everest has risen sharply over the years, leading to a 300 percent increase in overcrowding. In 2019, 955 climbers tried to reach the m
12、ountaintop. Only 222 people did so in 2000.The study noted that on a single day in May of last year, 396 climbers had gathered at the narrow path just below the top. The area, known as the “death zone,” is so narrow that only a small number of climbers can pass through, one directly behind another.N
13、ine climbers died on Everest in May 2019. It was the deadliest Everest climbing season since 2015 when an earthquake killed at least 18 people on the mountain.A picture of climbers waiting their turn to go up and down through the death zone became famous as it was shared online. Yet researchers say
14、the crowds were not the main reason for the deaths last year.“Surprisingly crowding has no evident effect on success or death” of Everest climbers, the study said.However, overcrowding does make the climb more dangerous.“If crowding slows climbers (as is expected), this increases their exposure to t
15、he elements, which should increase risk of an accident or illness,” said Raymond B.Huey, lead writer of the report.An unexpected storm, earthquake, or landslide could be disastrous, he told Reuters by email.Climbers have expressed concern that was giving anyone willing to pay the government $11,000
16、permission to climb Everest. Nepal plans to change its policy to require climbers to use guides, and meet physical fitness and experience qualifications, said tourism department official Mira Acharya.Nepal temporarily closed its mountains to climbers because of the coronavirus health crisis. Now the
17、y are open again. However, Acharya noted that flights into and within Nepal have not restarted.More than 6,000 people have climbed Mount Everest since 1953, when New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay became the first climbers known to reach the top. At least 311 climbers have died t
18、rying.1.Supposing 900 people took part in the climbing Mount Everest between 1990 and 2005, how many of them reached the top?A.300.B.400.C.500.D.6002.Why does overcrowding make the climbing more dangerous?A.Because it surprisingly leads to death for those climbers.B.Because it stopped the climbers f
19、rom reaching the top at the area called “death zone”.C.Because it exposes climbers to increasing risk of an accident or illness.D.Because it gets climbers stranded in “death zone” and unable to get further supplies.3.According to the report, what is the possible reason for overcrowding?A.More people
20、 want to experience the climbing to the top of Mount Everest.B.A picture of climbers waiting to reach the top inspires more people to give it a try.C.Nepal government gives climbers permission without restrictions.D.More people want to climb the Mount Everest before Nepal takes restrictions.4.What i
21、s the general idea of this passage?A.Climbers are more likely to lose their lives before Reaching Top of Mount Everest.B.More climbers need to be trained before climbing Mount Everest.C.Enough experience in climbing mountains matters so much.D.Climbers are twice as likely to reach top of Mount Evere
22、st than in Past.【答案】1.A2.C3.C4.D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述目前攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人登顶的可能性是20年前的两倍，在攀登过程中死亡的可能性也比20年前少了一倍。并简要介绍了导致登山者死亡或患病的原因。1.细节理解题。根据第二段“Between 2006 and 2019, around two thirds of climbers were successful in their attempt to reach the top. In the 15 years before that, only about one-third went all the
23、way to the top.（在2006年至2019年间，大约三分之二的登山者成功登顶。在那之前的15年里，只有大约三分之一的人登顶。）”可知，在1991年到2004期间只有1/3的人登顶成功。由此可推知，如果1990年到2005年有900人登珠峰，那么登顶的人数为：9001/3=300人。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据倒数第五段“If crowding slows climbers (as is expected), this increases their exposure to the elements, which should increase risk of an accident
24、 or illness,（如果拥挤减缓登山者的速度(正如预期的那样)，就会增加他们暴露在自然环境中的机会，这就会增加发生事故或患病的风险。）”可知，因为过度拥挤会增加登山者发生事故或患病的风险，所以这会让登山变得更困难。故选C。3.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Climbers have expressed concern that was giving anyone willing to pay the government $11,000 permission to climb Everest. （登山者们表示担心，任何愿意向政府支付1.1万美元的人都可以攀登珠穆朗玛峰。）”可推知，尼泊尔政
25、府给予登山者无限制的许可，这可能是导致登山拥挤的原因。故选C。4.主旨大意题。阅读文章，并根据第一段“People climbing Mount Everest are two times as likely to reach the top and less likely to die on the climb than 20 years ago, a new study finds. （一项新的研究发现，攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人登顶的可能性是20年前的两倍，在攀登过程中死亡的可能性也比20年前少了一倍。）”可知，本文主要讲述登山者登上珠穆朗玛峰的可能性是过去的两倍。故选D。2The semi-f
26、inals for the League of Legends (LOL) World Championship 2020 ended on Sunday with Chinese team Suning finally defeating another Chinese team Top Esports to earn a ticket to the final against Damwon Gaming from South Korea. The result has captured the attention of Chinese netizens, showing the huge
27、influence of esports in China.Several hashtags such as “LOL Worlds semi-finals” and “Suning gets to the final” have earned more than a billion views on Chinas Twitter-like Sina Weibo as of Monday.Top Esports was one of favorites to win in the semi-finals, while Suning was commonly seen as a loser, b
28、ut the latter finally broke through to win 3-1.After the game, one member of the defeated team, Karsa, shed tears at the event, which quickly became a hot topic on Sina Weibo.In a message posted to Sina Weibo after the competition, Top Esports said that they regret not making it to the final and tha
29、t they felt sorry for their fans, “but our pursuit of victory will never stop. We will carry on with this regret.”Instead of blaming them for their failure, most netizens encouraged them to try again in 2021.While many media outlets are calling Sunings win a surprise, but a commentator for an esport
30、s team based in Shanghai surnamed Zhang told the Global Times on Monday that the result is not surprising.“After Top Esports barely defeated Fnatic with a 3-2 score, I felt that the entire team, except for Karsa, performed worse than before. The middle lane and bottom lane of the team were off line
31、when playing against Suning and did not play to their usual level,” Zhang said.He praised Suning, saying their skills were improving, “but the team still has a gap with Damwon Gaming. I hope they can lose as gloriously as possible.”Suning, which was formed by Chinese commercial retail enterprise Sun
32、ing, also posted on Sina Weibo on Sunday to thank everyone who supported the team, saying that they will try their best to guard the glory of the League of Legends Pro League.Li, a Suning fan living in Shanghai, was glad to see the team she supports win.“The team has constantly grown during the Worl
33、ds this year, although all members of the team are freshmen,” she said.Li was also a little regretful for Top Esports as the team is the only one that has all Chinese members.“Making the impossible possible through hard work is the charm of esports. I think it is full of passion,” Li said, explainin
34、g why she loves esports.5.Which team is the Chinese team Suning ready to fight against next?A.League of LegendsB.Top EsportsC.Damwon GamingD.Fnatic6.What did Mr. Zhang, the commentator, think of the failure of Top Esports?A.He thought that there was still a gap between Top Esports and Damwon Gaming.
35、B.He thought that the result was not beyond his expectation.C.He believed that every one of the team had performed worse than ever before.D.He believed that Sunnings winning was just a lucky thing.7.Which of the following statements about the team Suning is correct?A.The team is to fight against Dam
36、won Gaming from South Korea in the semi-final.B.The team is financed by a commercial retail enterprise.C.The team consists of all Chinese members.D.The team is now equivalent to Damwon Gaming.【答案】5.C6.B7.B【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。2020年英雄联盟世界锦标赛半决赛在周日结束，中国战队苏宁队最终击败了另一支中国战队Top Esports，获得了与韩国Damwon Gaming的决赛门票。文章主
37、要介绍了苏宁队在此次比赛中的表现以及人们对它获胜的一些看法。5.细节理解题。根据第一段中“The semi-finals for the League of Legends (LOL) World Championship 2020 ended on Sunday with Chinese team Suning finally defeating another Chinese team Top Esports to earn a ticket to the final against Damwon Gaming from South Korea.(2020年英雄联盟世界锦标赛半决赛在周日结
38、束，中国战队苏宁最终击败了另一支中国战队Top Esports，获得了与韩国Damwon Gaming的决赛门票)”可知，苏宁接下来准备对阵的是Damwon Gaming。故选C。6.推理判断题。根据第七段“While many media outlets are calling Sunings win a surprise, but a commentator for an esports team based in Shanghai surnamed Zhang told the Global Times on Monday that the result is not surprisin
39、g.(尽管许多媒体都称苏宁的胜利是个惊喜，但上海某电竞团队的一名张姓评论员周一告诉环球时报，这个结果并不令人惊讶)”以及第八段“After Top Esports barely defeated Fnatic with a 3-2 score, I felt that the entire team, except for Karsa, performed worse than before. The middle lane and bottom lane of the team were off line when playing against Suning and did not pla
40、y to their usual level,” Zhang said.(在Top Esports以3-2的比分勉强击败Fnatic之后，我觉得除了Karsa之外，整个队伍的表现比之前更差。与苏宁比赛时，队伍的中线和下线都出现了脱线的情况，没有发挥出平时的水平。张说)”可知，评论员张先生对Top Esports失败的看法是他认为结果没有超出他的预料。故选B。7.细节理解题。根据倒数第五段“Suning, which was formed by Chinese commercial retail enterprise Suning, also posted on Sina Weibo on Su
41、nday to thank everyone who supported the team, saying that they will try their best to guard the glory of the League of Legends Pro League.(周日，由中国商业零售企业苏宁集团成立的苏宁团队也在新浪微博上发帖，感谢支持该团队的所有人，称他们将尽最大努力捍卫英雄联盟职业联赛的荣誉)”可知，关于苏宁团队的陈述中，B选项“团队由一家商业零售企业资助”正确。故选B。3A new study suggests drinking coffee as soon as som
42、eone wakes up from a poor nights sleep greatly affects metabolism (新陈代谢) and blood sugar control.In the study, published in the British Journal of Nutrition, UK researchers let 29 healthy men and women take part in three different overnight experiments. In the first two scenes, participants were giv
43、en a sugary drink upon waking-first from a normal nights sleep, and then again after a poor nights sleep during which they were woken up for five minutes every hour. In the third, their sleep was similarly disrupted, but they were given a strong black coffee 30 minutes before consuming the sugary dr
44、ink.Blood samples from participants were taken following the sugary drink, which mirrored the calories of a typical breakfast, in each experiment. Results showed that one night of disrupted sleep did not worsen the participants blood sugar responses at breakfast when compared to a normal night of sl
45、eep. However, strong black coffee consumed before breakfast in-creased the blood sugar response by around 50 percent.By drinking such kind of drink after breakfast, UK researchers found that our bodies ability to break down our food healthily is completely improved. Examining the effects of bro-ken
46、sleep and. morning coffee across a range of different metabolic markers, scientists at the University of Bath found that, while one night of poor sleep had a limited effect on metabolism, drinking coffee before breakfast could have a negative effect on blood sugar control.“We know that nearly half o
47、f us will wake in the morning and, before doing anything else, drink coffeethe more tired we feel, the stronger the coffee is. This study is important and has far-reaching health influences, and it indeed moves some coffee drinkers heartstrings. As up to now we have had limited knowledge about what
48、this is doing to our bodies, in particular for our metabolic and blood sugar control, so we have a long way to go.” said Professor James Betts, co-director of the Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism at the University of Bath.8.How did UK researchers get the result of the experiment?A.By as
49、sumption.B.By making comparisons.C.By questionnaire.D.By consulting journals.9.What can we learn from the experiment?A.One night of poor sleep surely affects blood sugar.B.Drinking coffee after breakfast does harm to health.C.Having strong drinks has a good effect on metabolism.D.Drinking coffee at
50、different time has different effects on health.10.What does James Betts think of the study?A.It makes no sense.B.It is limited and blind.C.It remains to be continued.D.It is particular and explicit.11.What can be the best title for the text?A.How. Much Coffee to Drink MattersB.Does Coffee Really Wak
51、e Up an Appetite?C.Drinking Coffee before Breakfast Harms MetabolismD.How Does Drinking Black Coffee Affect Peoples Sleep?【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究，研究发现早餐前喝咖啡会损害新陈代谢，尤其是血糖水平。8.推理判断题。由第二段中的“In the study, published in the British Journal of Nutrition, UK researchers let 29 healthy men an
52、d women take part in three different overnight experiments. In the first two scenes, participants were given a sugary drink upon waking-first from a normal nights sleep, and then again after a poor nights sleep during which they were woken up for five minutes every hour. In the third, their sleep wa
53、s similarly disrupted, but they were given a strong black coffee 30 minutes before consuming the sugary drink.”（在发表在英国营养学杂志上的研究中，英国研究人员让29名健康的男性和女性参加了三个不同的通宵实验。在前两个场景中，参与者首先从正常的睡眠中醒来，然后在一夜睡眠不好后再喝一杯含糖饮料，在此期间，他们每小时被叫醒五分钟。在第三组中，他们的睡眠也受到同样的干扰，但在饮用含糖饮料前30分钟，给他们一杯浓咖啡。）和第三段中的“Blood samples from participant
54、s were taken following the sugary drink, which mirrored the calories of a typical breakfast, in each experiment. Results showed that one night of disrupted sleep did not worsen the participants blood sugar responses at breakfast when compared to a normal night of sleep. However, strong black coffee
55、consumed before breakfast in-creased the blood sugar response by around 50 percent.”（在每个实验中，受试者的血样都是在含糖饮料之后采集的，含糖饮料反映了典型早餐的热量。结果表明，与正常睡眠相比，一晚睡眠中断并不会使参与者早餐时的血糖反应变差。然而，早餐前喝浓咖啡能使血糖反应提高50%左右。），可知英国研究者们让三组健康的男女参加不同的实验，然后通过对比参与者血糖的反应得出研究结果。故选B项。9.细节理解题。由第三段中的“However, strong black coffee consumed before b
56、reakfast in-creased the blood sugar response by around 50 percent.”（然而，早餐前喝浓咖啡能使血糖反应提高50%左右。）和第四段中的“By drinking such kind of drink after breakfast, UK researchers found that our bodies ability to break down our food healthily is completely improved.”（英国研究人员发现，通过在早餐后喝咖啡，我们身体健康地分解食物的能力得到了完全提高。），可知实验证明
57、：在不同时间喝咖啡对健康会产生不同的影响早餐前喝浓咖啡会使血糖反应增加约50%，早餐后喝咖啡会使身体健康分解食物的能力得到提高。故选D项。10.推理判断题。由最后一段中的“As up to now we have had limited knowledge about what this is doing to our bodies, in particular for our metabolic and blood sugar control, so we have a long way to go.” said Professor James Betts, co-director of t
58、he Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism at the University of Bath.”（巴斯大学营养、运动和新陈代谢中心的联合主任James Betts教授说：“到目前为止，我们对咖啡对我们的身体所起的作用知之甚少，尤其是对于我们的新陈代谢和血糖控制，所以我们还有很长的路要走。”），可知James Betts认为这项研究仍需继续。故选C项。11.主旨大意题。第一段讲“研究表明早餐前喝咖啡会极大地影响新陈代谢和血糖控制”，第二三四段讲“英国研究者们让三组健康的男女参加不同的实验，然后通过对比参与者血糖的反应得出研究结果：在不同时间
59、喝咖啡对健康会产生不同的影响”，最后一段讲“这项研究很重要，但有很长的路要走，仍需继续研究”，可知本文主要讲早餐前喝咖啡会损害新陈代谢，尤其是血糖水平。故选C项。4Every day around the world, thousands of people with little to no scholarly training in art history walk into museums. They may or may not read notice boards that share relevant information of the artworks or artists.
60、Imagine, before being permitted to direct their eyeballs to the art on the walls, museum visitors were required to read a 15-or 20-page introduction to each piece or each artist. How many people would go to museums if that were the case?Yet this seems to be the expectation when it comes to reading c
61、lassic literature. Classic novels typically come with 15-or 20-page introductions, which often include spoilers, assuming that readers do not come to classic books to discover, be absorbed in, and be surprised by the story world. Also, apparently, we mustnt read classics alone, without experts guidi
62、ng our experiences.However, classic literature is in a unique position to show us that we re not alone in our pains and joys. By taking us out of our time, classic books free us to see beyond the set of beliefs we stick to and to connect human experiences that remain alive across time and place. Wha
63、t could be more grounding, more comforting, than seeing ourselves in the battles, longings, and pleasures that have played out across hundreds, thousands of years of human history? Our personal engagement is the first step of a longer journey of discovery that deepens our knowledge and understanding
64、 of ourselves and our world. We may for example, feel for Hester Prynne from Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter though we despair of the world she lived in.While were letting go of things, lets stop worrying about understanding everything. We cant. It will be fun if we embrace curiosity, the pl
65、easure of working out a mystery, and our common relationships as humans. We can feel, for example, the power of self-sacrifice in Charles DickensA Tale of Two Cities even when we lack full understanding of the cultural references and language.12.Most museum goers_.A.lack professional art knowledgeB.
66、understand the artworks wellC.enjoy reading notice boardsD.share common interest in artworks13.What can the spoilers in Para. 2 possibly be?A.Story writersB.Readers expectations.C.Plots given away in advanceD.Guiding experts14.What prevents readers enjoying reading classics?A.Showing curiosity about
67、 the writersB.Letting go of things.C.Working out mysteries.D.Trying to understanding everything.15.What message is mainly conveyed in the passage?A.We should find more fun from classics.B.Classic literature benefits readers a great dealC.Experts need to give readers better guidance.D.Reading classic
68、s is a personal exploration.【答案】12.A 13.C 14.D 15.D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出在人们日益缺乏专业艺术知识的今天，古典文学通过把我们从自身所处时代抽离出来，让我们能够看到我们所坚持的信念之外的东西。作者认为我们应该放下一些事情、停止担心去理解所有的事情，多阅读古典文学，并将它变成一次探索自我的过程。12.推理判断题。第一段第三句“Imagine, before being permitted to direct their eyeballs to the art on the walls, museum visitors were requ
69、ired to read a 15- or 20-page introduction to each piece or each artist. How many people would go to museums if that were the case?（ 想象一下，在允许参观者将目光投向墙上的艺术品之前，博物馆要求参观者阅读一份15至20页的介绍，介绍每一件作品或每一位艺术家。如果是这样的话，有多少人会去博物馆呢？）”可知，大多数人缺少专业的艺术知识。故选A。13.词义猜测题。根据后文“assuming that readers do not come to classic book
70、s to discover, be absorbed in, and be surprised by the story world（假设读者读经典小说不是为了发现、沉浸其中并对故事世界感到惊讶。）”即可推测上文中spoilers应与后文discover和surprised词义相反，意思应为“剧透（透露与电影、书籍或者游戏内容有关的信息。）”的意思，故选C。14.推理判断题。根据最后一段“While were letting go of things, lets stop worrying about understanding everything. We cant. It will be
71、fun if we embrace curiosity, the pleasure of working out a mystery, and our common relationships as humans.”（当我们放下一些事情的时候，让我们停止担心去理解所有的事情。我们不能。如果我们拥有好奇心、解开谜团的乐趣，以及我们作为人类的共同关系，那将会很有趣。）即尝试去明白一切事情的心理让读者们无法喜欢上阅读古典作品。故选D。15.主旨大意题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Our personal engagement is the first step of a longer journey of discovery that deepens our knowledge and understanding of ourselves and our world.”（我们的私人参与是一个更长的发现之旅的第一步，这个发现之旅会加深我们对自己和世界的认识和理解。）可知文章想要传递的信息是阅读古典文学是一次私人的探索旅程。故选D。
