1、Section Grammar&WritingModule 3Adventure in Literature and the Cinema语法精讲专项突破品味经典1Dont you remember_2The building _is our office building.3He lost the bike_.4The soup _delicious.seeing the man before?to be builtbought last weektastes自我探究第1句中划线部分是v.-ing 形式作_，表示“记得_某事”；第2句是动词不定式的被动式作后置定语，表示_动作；第3句是过去分
2、词作后置定语，表示_动作；第4句是_结构，taste是_。宾语做过将来的被动完成的被动系表系动词一、非谓语动词 非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式。它们不能在句中充当谓语，可充当其他语法功能，可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用，在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语和状语。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动词的ing 形式和动词的ed 形式三种。非谓语动词的句法功能如下：讲解归纳讲解归纳类别功能主语表语宾语补语定语状语不定式动名词分词1.非谓语动词作主语(1)不定式作主语。To say is easier than to do.说起来容易做起来难。不定式作主语时，常表示一次性的、具体的、特指的动作，并且用
3、 it 作形式主语而将其后置。如上例可改为：It is easier to say than to do.。(2)动名词作主语。Walking after supper is good for both young and old.晚饭以后散步对年轻人和老人都有好处。若表示抽象的、习惯性的动作时常用动名词。2非谓语动词作表语(1)不定式作表语。His purpose is to give you some reasonable advice.他的目的是给你一些合理的建议。(2)动名词作表语。His job is teaching.他的工作是教学。动名词作表语时，表语既具有动词特征又具有名词性，
4、甚至有时表语和主语可以互换。如上例可改为：Teaching is his job.。(3)分词作表语。The film is interesting，and my sister gets interested in it.电影很有趣，我的妹妹对它开始感兴趣了。现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征，表语与主语之间是主动关系，并且常以物作主语，译为“某物怎么样”；过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的心理状态，主语和表语之间存在被动关系，并且常以人作主语，译为“某人感到怎么样”。具有这一用法的有：surprise，interest，touch，move，puzzle，excite，tire，please，
5、disappoint，satisfy，encourage 等。3非谓语动词作宾语(1)不定式作宾语。She pretended not to see me when I came in.当我进来时她假装没有看到我。Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening.小吉姆应该愿意今晚被带到剧院。有些动词后要用不定式作宾语，表示某次具体的动作或行为。类似的动词有 hope，agree，choose，manage，promise，expect，determine，decide，seek，refuse，arrange，desi
6、re 等。(2)动名词作宾语。Would you mind my opening the window?我打开窗户你介意吗？He didnt remember having lived with his friend before.他不记得以前和他的朋友一起住过了。有些动词(词组)后接动名词形式，表示动作的经常性、习惯性或已经完成。类似的动词(词组)有 enjoy，keep，admit，avoid，escape，consider，delay，put off，give up 等。【温馨提示】want，need，require 等动词以物作主语时，其后的宾语用主动式表被动含义或用不定式的被动式。如
7、：Those young trees need watering/to be watered.。另外，还有少数动词，如 mean，stop，try，cant help 等后既可接不定式也可接动名词，但各自发生时间有先后。4非谓语动词作宾语补足语、主语补足语(1)不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语。The policeman told the boy not to play on the road.那个警察告诉那个男孩不要在路上玩耍。The old man was often seen to stand at the door of this house.那个老人经常被看到站在这所房子的门旁。诸如
8、get，ask，beg，invite，oblige，allow，hate，wish，want，expect，like，permit，encourage，request，advise，order，persuade，cause，warn 等动词后都可用不定式作宾语补足语。但 hope，think，agree，insist，plan，suppose，suggest，announce，demand 等动词不能这样用。如果动词 let，have，make，hear，notice，see，observe，feel，look at，listen to 等，用于被动语态时，则可以用不定式作主语补足语。(2)分
9、词作宾语补足语、主语补足语。现在分词作宾语补足语、主语补足语。Toms father saw him sitting on the eggs.汤姆的父亲看到他正坐在鸡蛋上。Soon steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes.很快就能看到蒸汽从湿衣服上升起。现在分词作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，表示现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或主语，与逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。过去分词作宾语补足语、主语补足语。I had my house painted last week.上周我找人粉刷了我的房子。The boy was found lost and cou
10、ldnt find his way back.有人发现这个男孩迷路了，找不到回去的路。过去分词作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，表示过去分词的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或主语，与逻辑主语之间存在被动关系。5非谓语动词作定语(1)不定式作定语。Every day the workers have a lot of work to do.工人们每天都有大量的工作要做。(动宾关系)The second officer to come in was Mr.Smith.第二个进来的官员是史密斯先生。(主谓关系)This is the best way to learn a foreign language.这是学
11、习一门外语的最好方法。(修饰关系)不定式作定语时通常后置，即作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作，与被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系、同位关系、主谓关系或修饰关系。(2)动名词作定语。We shall have a writing competition.我们将举行一次写作比赛。There is a swimming pool in the park.公园里有一个游泳池。用动名词作定语，起说明被修饰名词性质或用途的作用。(3)分词作定语。现在分词作定语。Now there is a fire burning in the fireplace.现在壁炉里有正燃烧的火。The villagers built
12、 a road leading to the city.村民们修了一条通往城市的路。现在分词作定语时，与它修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词表示动作正在进行或经常性、现在或当时的状态。过去分词作定语。There is a village called Gum Tree far away from here.有一个离这儿很远的叫桉树的村庄。过去分词作定语时，与它所修饰的词之间存在被动关系。过去分词所表示的动作是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，或没有固定的时间性。6非谓语动词作状语(1)不定式作状语。They came to see their mother in hospital.他们
13、来看望住院的妈妈。不定式作状语时，可以表示目的、结果、原因和条件。表目的时常用于 so as to 或 in order to 中，但 so as to 不能置于句首；表示结果时常用于 enough to，too.to.，so.as to.，such.as to.结构中，但要注意 too.to.结构与 only，not，never 连用时语法结构发生了变化，因此要择义而用之。(2)分词作状语。现在分词作状语。Working hard，you wont fail in the examination.努力学习你就不会在考试中不及格。Not having heard from her，I deci
14、ded to write to her again.没有收到她的来信，我决定再给她写一次。现在分词作状语时，表示现在分词动作与谓语动作同时进行或先于谓语动作发生或完成。因此可用现在分词的一般式或完成式表示，而完成式的否定式 not 必须置于分词之前。相当于表示原因、条件、时间、结果、伴随状况等状语从句。【温馨提示】通常现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，即彼此间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。但generally speaking，strictly speaking，roughly speaking，judging from 等词组不受这种语法限制。过去分词作状语。Seen from the top of
15、 the tower，the river looks like a snake.从塔顶看，这条河看起来像一条蛇。过去分词作状语时，句子的主语与过去分词之间存在被动关系，即主语是过去分词动作的承受者，同样也可以表原因、条件、时间、结果、伴随等。二、连系动词连接主语，表示主语的身份、性质、状态的动词，称为连系动词。连系动词词义不完整，必须和表语一起构成主系表结构。常见的表示状态的连系动词有：be，look，seem，appear，smell，taste，sound，feel，sit，stand，lie，keep，stay(保持)等。表示转换或结果的连系动词常见的有：become，get，grow，
16、turn，go，come，fall，prove等。The park looks very beautiful.这个公园很美丽。She always keeps silent whenever I see her.不管我什么时候看见她，她总是保持沉默。Stand still and Ill take a picture of you.请站稳，我给你拍张照片。.用动词的适当形式填空1 _(compare)with other classmates，he is not very clever.2Joan suggested _(ask)her father for his opinion.专项训练专
17、项训练Comparedasking3We have raised twelve thousand dollars so far，and we expect_(reach)our goal by the end of next week.4I will never forget the difficulty I had in _(find)a job.to reachfinding5At that time，we heard a woman _(cry)sadly from the next door.6_(introduce)into the country，the food is well
18、received by people of the country.7Roger took up _(paint)for a while，but soon lost interest.cryingIntroducedpainting8My mother says the day she has been looking forward to _(arrive)soon.9The emperor made his people build a large temple，_(know)as the Temple of Heaven.10Some people get _(pay)over$400
19、an hour.will arriveknownpaid.单项填空1Bill suggested _a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.Ahaving held Bto holdCholding Dhold解析：选C。题意：贝尔建议就假期为上海世博会做点什么一事开个会。suggest 后接动名词作宾语；根据题意，hold a meeting 在suggest 之后发生，故不用动名词的完成式。2When he raised his head，he found himself _in the direc
20、tion of his hometown.Awalk BwalkedCto walk Dwalking解析：选D。句意：当他抬起头时，他发现自己正朝家乡的方向走。由于动词walk与himself 为主谓关系，所以用其现在分词形式作宾语补足语，表正在进行。3The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.Aproduced Bbeing producedCto be produced Dhaving been produced解析：选C。句意为“下个月即将上演的戏剧主要是为了表现地方文化。”to be produced
21、 作后置定语，修饰 The play，表示“将被上演的”。produced 表示“上演过的”，being produced 表示“正在被上演的”。4What is the way George thought of _enough money to buy the house?Ato get BgettingChaving got Dbeing got解析：选A。此题可采用减元法。George thought of 是way 的定语从句，可以去掉，则该句变为What is the way_enough money to buy the house？way 的定语可用to do 或of doin
22、g。5Which do you enjoy _yourholiday，going abroad or staying at home?Aspending Bto spendCbeing spent Dspend解析：选B。此题极易受enjoy 后接v.ing 形式的干扰，从而错选A项或C项。其实，enjoy 的宾语是which，即在going abroad 与staying at home 之间作出选择；to spend your holiday 是目的状语。故选B项。6_ many times，he finally understood it.ATold BTellingCHaving to
23、ld DHaving been told解析：选D。考查现在分词作状语。由语意可知，tell这一动作发生在understand之前，且与主语he之间存在动宾关系，故选D。7_ the project in time，the staff were working at weekends.ACompleting BHaving completedCTo have completed DTo complete解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。由后半句“全体员工周末都在工作”可知，前半句表示“为了及时完成那个项目”，故用动词不定式作目的状语。8She asked me to help her，_she co
24、uldnt move the heavy suitcase herself.Aonly to realize BrealizedCrealizing Dbut realized 解析：选C。根据句子的意思分析，此处应该使用伴随状语，表示和asked同时发生的动作。而A项表示的是结果状语。9 We had an anxious couple of weeks _ for the results of the experiment.Await Bto be waitingCwaited Dwaiting解析：选D。We 与 wait 之间为主动关系，根据句意 wait 是“had”的伴随动作，故用
25、现在分词形式。10It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year.Afinding Bbeing foundCto find Dfound解析：选D。find 与 things 之间是被动关系，可排除A、C两项；B项表示进行；D项表示完成，根据句意可知答案为D。写作指导妙笔生花写作要求一个都不能少是著名导演张艺谋执导的一部关于中国偏远山村小学的真实故事片。请根据下列要点写一篇简短的电影梗概：1学校唯一的老师高老师有事，村长让女孩儿魏敏芝代课；2敏芝最重要的事情就是把孩子看好，一个也不能少；3班上最调皮的男孩
26、儿逃课到了城里，敏芝想尽办法找男孩儿；4在好心人的帮助下，她上了电视，男孩儿看到哭泣的敏芝，最终回到了学校；5真人真事，纯朴感人，深受喜爱。写作要点1.导演v._/n._2电影明星_3女/男演员_/_4在里扮演角色_5情节_6观众_direcdirectorfilm staractoractressplay a part in.the plotaudience句式结构1故事发生在The story_.2许多人一定对张艺谋导演的一个都不能少很熟悉。takes place in Many people must _the film Not OneLess _by Zhang Yimou.3这部电影
27、被许多观众所喜欢。The film is _by many _.be familiar withdirectedlikedaudiences连句成篇_。佳作欣赏Review of Not One LessMost Chinese film fans will be familiar with the film Not One Less，directed by Zhang Yimou，a wellknown film director.It is about the real story of a primary school in Chinas remote mountain village.
28、The story goes like this：Mr.Gao，the only teacher of the school，has something important to do，so the village leader asks Wei Minzhi to take his place.The most important thing for Minzhi is not to lose any pupil from the school.Unfortunately，the naughtiest boy in her class runs away from school and go
29、es to town.Minzhi makes every effort to look for him.With the help of kind people，she appears on television.The boy sees the crying Minzhi on television and finally he goes back to his school.The film is liked by many audiences not only because it is simple and moving but also because the people in
30、the film use their real names and play themselves.It is a really enjoyable film.类文点津1.整体思路：在第一段简单引入电影一个都不能少及其导演，然后在第二段结合所给要点，适当补充细节，简要概述该电影的主要内容，要做到文章完整流畅。对该电影的评论不需要写得太多，但要言之有理，可从电影的拍摄风格、主题思想、社会影响和人们的相关评价等方面展开评论。2篇章结构：影评也最好采取三段式。正如上面所谈到的，第一段简要引入一个都不能少，第二段根据要点提示对其主要内容进行适当描述，第三段则要进行恰当的评论。一定要确保各段落间的过渡自
31、然流畅。3遣词造句：细心观察图画，电影的英文名字是“Not One Less”。参考前面所谈及的话题词汇和句型，运用第三人称和一般现在时，不可忽视句子之间的过渡和衔接。力争做到表意清晰，语言流畅，切忌机械翻译。课时活页词语串串练Mark Twain，one of Americas greatest writers，establishedhis reputation for his great works.His novel，The Adventures of HuckleberryFinn，set in the USA in the 19th century，is in fact his bi
32、ography_ rather than a fiction he had created.That is，his own life resembled the lives of the characters he made_up.As an adolescent，Mark Twain was determined to make his fortune.He set off from his hometown to South America.Unfortunately，he was forced to stay on a steamboat to work as a pilot for s
33、everal years.Twains vivid and amusing accounts of life on the river still make people feel in the mood to read the novel now.The novel has won countless reviews in the world.Here is a part of this novel.The main character，Huck，and his companion，Jim，ran_away.They sailed down the Mississippi River on
34、a raft.Because the rain poured down，they were staying inside the shelter when Huck saw a steamboat in the middle of the river.He also heard a mans angry answer“Youre lying”Jim felt very frightened and panicked，while Huck felt a little curious and crawled to the steamboat.He saw a man with beard beat
35、ing another man，tied up with rope.Huck decided to save the injured.He played_a_trick_onanddisturbed that man with beard.The two boys and the injured man paddled away to a safe place.马克吐温，美国最伟大的作家之一，通过他伟大的作品建立了自己的名声。他的小说哈克贝利费恩历险记，以19世纪的美国为背景，实际上是他的自传，而不是他创造的虚构小说。也就是说，他的生活类似于他所虚构的人物的生活。作为一名青少年，马克吐温下定决
36、心要赚大钱。他从家乡出发去南美洲。不幸的是，他被迫呆在艘汽艇上当了好几年的引航员。吐温生动有趣的河上生活的描述现在仍然使人们想要去阅读这部小说。这部小说在世界上好评如潮。下面是其中的一个片段。小说的主人公哈克和他的同伴吉姆逃跑了。他们在一艘木筏上沿着密西西比河顺流而下。因为大雨滂沱，他们呆在一个遮蔽物下，正在这时哈克看到河中间有一艘汽艇。他还听到一个男人愤怒的回答“你在撒谎”。吉姆感到既惊慌又害怕，而哈克感到有点好奇。他爬到汽艇上，看到一个有胡须的男子正在打一个被绳子捆着的人。哈克决定救这个受伤的人。他捉弄并且干扰了那个有胡须的人。这两个男孩和那个受伤的人将船划到了一个安全的地方。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
