1、Unit 1 Great scientistsSection Learning about Language语 言 基 础 自 测.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1As in any business，we experienced a lot of(挑战)2We could (预见)that we would die if we could notreach land very soon.3We should try to(暴露)our children to much interestingstories.challengesforeseeexpose4The police(怀疑
2、)the young man of taking away the important paper just now.5The government took measures to prevent our city from(污染)more seriously.6I dont know why he refused to the meeting that day.7 Once more the soldiers attacked and once more they were suspectedbeing pollutedattenddefeated8Dont be too on her.A
3、fter all，she is only four.9The expert my son of his bad habit and I thanked her.10He from the evidence that she had stolen the money.severecuredconcluded.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1vt.宣布；通告announcement n.宣布；通告2vt.命令；指示；教导instruction n.命令；指示3vt.&vi.结束；推断出n结论；结束4science n科学adj.科学的scientist n科学家5vt.污染；弄脏poll
4、uted adj.被污染的pollution n污染；弄脏announceinstructconcludeconclusionscientificpollute寻规律、巧记忆v.-mentn.ABC 型不规则动词 announcement 宣布；通告excitement 兴奋；激动agreement 同意；协定foreseeforesawforeseenhidehidhiddenwritewrotewritten.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1put 提出；推荐2draw conclusion 得出结论3expose.使显露；暴露4mark.在上把标出来forwardatoon5be blam
5、e 该受责备；应负责6link.将和联系或连接起来7look 调查8slow 减速；减缓totointodown.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1The idea you at the meeting yesterday is more practical than his.2The public want to know who for the accident.3The doctor examined the patient carefully and then drew a conclusionput forwardis to blame4The police promised to
6、 the accident as soon as possible.5It is very dangerous for patients to viruses without any protection.be exposed tolook into寻规律、巧记忆putadv.动词短语v.介词 to动词短语 put forward 提出；推荐put aside 搁在一边；储存put down 写下；记下expose.to.使显露；暴露link.to.将和联系或连接起来compare.to.把比作背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实 1.Neither its cause nor its cure w
7、as understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。neither.nor.连接相同成分have seen the film.吉姆和他的父母都没有看过这部电影。Neither Jim nor his parents 2.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.因此，每次暴发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。every time引导时间状语从句，we wish to set it down in some form or another.每次看到一些新鲜的事物，我们都
8、希望能够以某种形式记录下来。Every time we see something new 3.In two particular streets，the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.在两条特定的街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于 10 天内就有500 多人死亡。so.that.引 导 结 果状语从句The problem is few students can work it out.这道题目如此难以至于没有几个学生能做出来。so difficultthat4.It seemed
9、 that the water was to blame.看 来 水 是 罪 魁 祸首。It seemed that.看起来/似乎One year had gone，and just like it did yesterday.一年已经过去了，但一切都像是昨天发生的一样。everything happened it seemed that5.A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every
10、day.有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，每天都要让人把水运到她家。have宾 语 过 去 分词 作 宾补He had to stop the work and yesterday.昨天他不得不停下工作，请人修理机器。machine repaired had the6.To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。suggest 表示“
11、建议”时，其后宾语从句中的谓语动 词 常 常 使 用(should)动词原形。但表示“表明；暗示”时，不用虚拟语气。My deskmates sleepy look suggested that he his study and I suggested he.我的同桌困倦的表情表明他学习累了，我建议他休息一下。(should)have a restwas tired of 核 心 要 点 探 究 put forward 提出(意见、建议、观点等)；推荐；提前；把(时钟)往前拨(教材 P1)Who put forward a theory about black holes？谁提出了关于黑洞的理
12、论？写出下列各句中 put forward 的含义 The suggestion put forward by the teacher is available.Can I put you forward as our club secretary？提出Remember to put your clocks forward tonight.Weve put the date of their wedding forward by one week.提前拨快put off 推迟；推脱；搪塞put away 存放；存储；把收起来put out 熄灭；生产；公布；打扰put up 举起；张贴；建造；
13、为提供住宿put up with 容忍；忍受Dont put off till tomorrow what can be done today.今日事今日毕。Im not going to put up their smoking in the office any longer.我再也不能容忍他们在办公室抽烟了。A notice was put up in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.贴出了一张通知以提醒同学们讲座时间的变动。with conclusion n结论；结束(教材 P1)Draw a concl
14、usion 得出结论(1)draw/reach/come to/arrive at a/the conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 最后；总之；总而言之(2)conclude vt.&vi.结束；推断出conclude.from.从中推断出conclude(from sth.)that.(从某事中)推断出；(从某事中)断定conclude sth.with./by doing.以结束We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再得出最终结论。In conc
15、lusion,I would like to say the film Born in China is worth seeing.总之，我想说，电影我们诞生在中国值得一看。She concluded her performance a poem.她以一首诗结束了她的表演。What can we conclude the conversation?我们从这个谈话中能推断出什么？fromwith名师点津 除 in conclusion 外，写作时还常常用到下面短语作为全文总结语：in short in a word in brief all in all to sum up on the who
16、le defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n.失败(教材 P2)John Snow defeats“King Cholera”约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”Know the enemy and know yourself and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.知己知彼，百战不殆。明辨异同 win/beat/defeat词语意义所跟宾语 win赢得；获胜 比赛、奖品、奖金、名誉、财产、战争等。beat击败；战胜 竞争中的队伍或对手，或战争中的敌人等。defeat 击败；战胜通常接表示“人”或“团体”的名词或代词作宾语
17、。既可以指在比赛中，也可以指在战场上战胜对手。(win/beat/defeat)Yesterday，I John at chess.He only one set，while I two sets.昨天，我和约翰下棋，我赢了他，他只赢了一盘，而我赢了两盘。wondefeated/beatwonattend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加(教材 P2)John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名
18、的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。attend to 照料；处理；注意；专心attend on/upon 伺候；照顾attend school/church 去上学/做礼拜attend a meeting/a lecture 参加会议/听演讲All children between the ages of 616 must attend school.所有 616 岁的孩子必须上学。She attended(on/upon)the injured policeman day and night.她日夜照顾那位负伤的警察。As a saying goes，“Do not at
19、tend two things at a time.”正如名言所说，一心不可二用。to 图形助记 attend 是一个多义词，心向着某一地方为“注意；照顾；专心”，脚步向着某一地方为“出席；参加”。expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光(教材 P2)But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。expose sb./sth.to sb./sth.暴露某人/某物给某人/某物expose oneself
20、to 使自己面临危险；使自己暴露于be exposed to 暴露于；感染；遭受到I tell him I will expose him to the police.我告诉他我要到警察那里揭发他。We want to expose(us)to as much art as possible.我们想让自己受到尽可能多的艺术熏陶。(expose)to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.暴露在强光下会对你的皮肤有害。Being exposedourselves名师点津 及物动词 expose 后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式。Though he
21、himself to some dangers，he wanted to the officials lawless actions，which he took photos of.But his film Even so，the official exposed his panic.虽然他置身于某些危险中，但是他还是想揭露这个官员的不法行为，他给这些行为拍了照。但是他的胶卷曝光了。即使这样，这个官员露出了恐惧。exposedexposewas exposedabsorb vt.吸收；吸引；吞并；使专心(教材 P2)The second suggested that people absorb
22、ed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。absorb.into.把吸收进absorb oneself in.全神贯注于be/get absorbed in 全神贯注于；一心从事；热衷于absorb sb.s attention 吸引某人的注意Water and salts are absorbed into our blood stream.水分和盐被吸收到我们的血液中。They are absorbing in the experiment in the lab.他们正在实验室里专心
23、做实验。(absorb)in writing a letter，he didnt even look up when I came in.他在聚精会神地写信，当我进来时他甚至都没有抬头。Absorbedthemselves名师点津 be absorbed in(doing)sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式 absorbed in.。类似的结构还有：be lost in.陷入；专心致志于 be caught in.被困在 be buried in.埋头于 be devoted to.致力于；专心于 suspect vt.认为；怀疑 n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯(教材 P2)John
24、Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.约翰斯诺认为第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做)某事suspect sb.to be.怀疑某人是I suspect him to be a pickpocket.我猜想他是个扒手。I suspected the girl of(lie)to us.我怀疑这个女孩向我们撒谎了。lying blame vt.责备；谴责 n.过失；责备(教材 P2)It seemed that the water
25、 was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。(1)be to blame(for sth.)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备blame sb.for sth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blame sth.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事(2)put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.将某事归咎于某人take the blame for sth.对某事承担责任If that happens，the coach will take the blame for it.如果发生那样的事，教练将对此负责。You shouldnt blame John the fai
26、lure.You shouldnt blame the failure John.你们不应该把这次失败归咎于约翰。You are not(blame)I cant put the blame you.你不应该受到责备。我不能把责任推到你身上。foronto blameonlink vt.&vi.把连起来；连接n.联系；连接物(教材 P3)In another part of London，he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一个
27、地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。(1)link.to/with.将和联系或连接起来link up 连接；结合link up with.与联合；使与衔接(2)a link between A and BA 与 B 之间的联系The new tunnel links Britain to France.新的隧道把英法两国连接起来。The two spacecraft will link up each other in orbit.两艘宇宙飞船将于轨道上互相连接。The island(link)to the mainland by a new bridge.一座新
28、桥将该岛与大陆相连。is linkedwith名师点津 表达“把与联系/连接/混合”的短语集锦：join.to/and.把与连接起来 connect.to/with/and.把与连接起来 relate.to.把和联系起来 combine.with.把和混合起来 announce vt.宣布；宣告(决定，计划)等；发布；声称；通告(教材 P3)With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announcewith certainty that polluted water carried the germs.有了这个额外的证据，约翰斯诺就能够肯定地
29、宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。(1)announce sth.(to sb.)(向某人)宣布/通告某事It is announced that.据宣布(2)announcement n.通知；通告(3)announcer n.广播员，播音员He announced the result of the contest to the competitors.他向参赛者宣布竞赛结果。An(announce)will be made soon on the bulletin board.通告将很快发布在布告栏上。At the end of the meeting，it(announce)that
30、an agreement had been reached.会议最后宣布已达成一项协议。was announacedannouncementThe made an that all the details should be through the broadcast.广播员宣布所有的细节都应通过广播公布出来。announcedannouncerannouncement名师点津 动词 announce 后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说 announce sth.to sb.或 announce to sb.sth.。类似用法的单词还有：suggest，explain，report，
31、say 等。instruct vt.命令，指示，教导(教材 P3)The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.供水公司得到指示，再也不能让人们接触被污染的水了。(1)instruct sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事instruct sb.in(doing)sth.指导某人(做)某事(2)instructive adj.指示性的；有教育意义的instruction n.(常用复数形式)用法说明；操作指南；指示；命令；讲授The students need a te
32、acher to instruct them(paint)The students need a teacher to instruct them in painting.这些学生需要一位老师来指导他们绘画。Follow the (instruct)on the packet carefully.仔细按照包装上的说明操作。instructionsto paint(教材 P2)its cause its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。norNeither(1)【要点提炼】句中 neither.nor.意为“既不也不”，可连接两个平行结构。(1
33、)neither.nor.连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于与谓语最近的主语；连接两个分句时，两个分句都需倒装。(2)同 neither.nor.一样符合“就近原则”，连接并列成分的连词还有：either.or.，not only.but also.，not.but.等。It is neither too hot nor too cold in winter here.这里冬天既不太热也不太冷。Neither do I want to know it;nor do I care about it.我既不想知道这件事，也不关心这件事。Neither my parents nor my sis
34、ter(like)swimming.我父母和我妹妹都不喜欢游泳。Either he or I(be)to be invited to speak in the hall.要么是他要么是我将会被邀请去大厅演讲。amlikes(教 材 P2)So many thousands of terrified people died _ there was an outbreak.因此，每次暴发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。every time【要点提炼】every time 用作连词，意为“每次”，引导时间状语从句。有些名词词组可作连词，引导时间状语从句：(1)the first time 第一次，t
35、he last time 上一次，next time 下一次，each time 每一次(2)the moment，the minute，the instant，the second 一就(3)the day的那天，the month的那月，the year的那年I recognized you the instant I saw you.我一见到你就认出了你。Something is learned every time a book(open)谚语开卷有益。Be sure to call on us you come.你下次来时一定来看我们。，it is very normal to fe
36、el tense.第一次参加比赛时，你感到紧张是很正常的。The first time you take part in a raceis openednext time(教材 P2)In two particular streets，the cholera outbreak was _ severe more than 500 people died in ten days.在两条特定的街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于 10 天内就有 500多人死亡。sothat【要点提炼】so.that.在句中引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”。so.that.中的 so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词。(1)s
37、oadj./adv.that从句adj.a/an可数名词单数that从句many/few可数名词复数that从句much/little不可数名词that从句(2)sucha/anadj.可数名词单数that从句可数名词复数that从句不可数名词that从句Its such nice weather that Id like to take a walk.天气如此好，我想去散步。Usually，its so crowded on the bus I cant find anywhere to sit.通常，公交车上太拥挤了，我找不到坐的地方。that He has made such great
38、 progress that the teachers are pleased with him.他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。This is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it.This is that we all enjoy reading it.这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。so interesting a book 名师点津 当 so 或 such 位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装形式。So difficult is the article that I can hardly understand it.这篇文
39、章太难了，我几乎读不懂。Such a noise was there that I couldnt work in the room.1(教材 P2)He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.【分析】句中 that 引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 two theories；在定语从句中 how 引导一个宾语从句。【翻译】对于霍乱是如何致人死亡的，当时有两种相对合理的理论，斯诺对这两种理论比较感兴趣。2(教材 P2)John Snow suspected tha
40、t the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.【分析】句中 that 引导一个宾语从句；主句是由 but 连接的并列复合句。【翻译】约翰斯诺认为第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。3(教材 P3)A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.【分析】句中 who 引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词A woman。“s
41、o.that.如此以至于”引导的是结果状语从句，从句中的过去分词 delivered 为 had 的宾语补足语。【翻译】有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，每天都要让人把水运到她家。随 堂 效 果 落 实.单句语法填空 1He made his(announce)after he talked with the president.2This disease is a hot topic (link)to the pollution there.3The girl was sad，for she(defeat)by her partner again.4The sci
42、entists (attend)the meeting are from different countries.attendingannouncementlinkedwas defeated5She tried not to make her children (expose)to such culture.6Could you tell me who put the good suggestion yesterday?7(absorb)in his research，the man didnt go home last Sunday.Absorbedexposedforward8It is
43、 the driver，rather than the passengers that is(blame)for it.9After a heated discussion，they failed to arrive at a(conclude)10As a matter of fact，neither I nor he(be)wrong.wasto blameconclusion.完成句子1在公司，涨薪与表现相关。In the company，pay increases performance.2老师们应该让学生尽可能多地接触真实的生活环境。Teachers should as many r
44、eal life situations as possible.are linked toexpose the students to3据宣布，假期将从下周一开始。the holidays could begin next Monday.4我入神地看这本书，结果忘记了时间。I was I forgot the time.5每次看到这些图片，我就会想起我的学校生活。，I was reminded of my school life.Every time I saw the picturesIt was announced thatso absorbed in the book that点击右图进入 课 时 分 层 作 业 Thank you for watching!
