1、专题一 复杂多变的动词第三讲 情态动词和虚拟语气单句语法填空1(2020高考全国卷)The artist was sure he would _(choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister,the old man laughed.解析:考查情态动词及动词的语态。主语he和动词choose之间是被动关系,空格前有would,故用“be及物动词的过去分词”。答案:be chosen2(2019高考天津卷改编)The workers were not better organized,oth
2、erwise they _(accomplish)the task in half the time.解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:工人们没有被更好地组织,否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务。此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,用would have done表示“本来能够做某事”。答案:would have accomplished单句改错1(2020高考全国卷)I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs,and I thought it must to be easy to cook._解析:考查情态动词。情态动词后接动词原形。答案:去掉must后的to2(2019高考
3、江苏卷改编)What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,or we would had a good time together._解析:考查虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反时,主句谓语动词用would/should/could/mighthave过去分词。答案:would后加have3(2018高考全国卷)As a kid,I loved to watch cartoons,but no matter how many times I asked to watch them,my parents would not to let me._解析:考查情态动词。情态
4、动词后接动词原形。答案:去掉最后一个to一、情态动词1can,could(1)can和could均可表示能力,只不过could表示过去的能力。Tom could sing English songs at the age of 6.汤姆6岁就能唱英文歌了。常见的情态动词(2)表示请求、允许。在一般疑问句中could可代替can,但比can语气更委婉,答语要用can。Can/Could you help me?Yes,I can.你能帮我吗?可以。(3)can表示具体事情发生的可能,常用于否定句和疑问句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等语气。can表示理论上的可能时可用于肯定句。could表示推测时比
5、can可能性要小,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。Accidents can happen in this weather.这种天气可能会发生事故。It could be weeks before we get a reply.我们可能要等好几个星期才能得到回复。特别提醒can表示“有能力做某事”,只有现在式和过去式两种形式;be able to 可用于各种时态,强调通过努力而成功地做某事,相当于manage to do或succeed in doing。The village was destroyed in the earthquake but that little dog was ab
6、le tosurvive.这个村庄在地震中毁灭了,但那只小狗竟然活了下来。2may,might(might为may的过去式)(1)表示许可,意为“可以”。Might/May I ask for a picture of your little daughter?Yes,you may.我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗?是的,可以。(2)表示可能性,might的可能性更小。(3)“May主语动词原形”表示祝愿。3must(1)must可用来表示必要性,意为“必须”,常用于肯定句中。用在否定句中时,其否定形式为must not或mustnt,意为“禁止,不许”。They also help him u
7、nderstand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.他们还帮助他懂得人们必须合作并努力实现共同目标。(2)must 还可表示“偏偏,非要”,多用于疑问句中。Must you play the violin at midnight?It disturbs the neighbors!你偏要在半夜拉小提琴吗?这太打扰邻居们了!4shall,should(1)shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示。用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等。用于第三人称,在条约、
8、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,意为“应该,必须”。I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.我许诺给他一件生日礼物。(2)should表示责任或义务,意为“应当,应该”。也可表示惊讶、难以置信等,意为“竟然”。还可以用于虚拟语气中。Why shouldnt we buy the lady a flower?It will make her feel better.为什么我们不给那位女士买一朵花呢?这会让她感觉好一些。That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing
9、.他竟然那样对你说话,真是令人惊讶。5will,would 两者均表示习惯性、经常性的行为,意为“总是”,还可表示请求或征求意见及意愿等。will 用于现在,would用于过去。Will you join our discussion?你愿意参加我们的讨论吗?情态动词表推测1对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测“情态动词have done”结构Looking at the large empty apartment,I became aware of how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself.看着这个又大又空的公寓,我开始理解妈妈独自
10、一人在巴西一定很孤单。The boy might have known the truth,but I am not quite sure.那个男孩也许知道了真相,但我不是很确定。I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning.She couldnt have spoken at the meeting.我今天上午在会议室时没看见她,她不可能在会议上讲话。2表示“与过去事实相反”He could have gone on regretting it,as too many of us do.他本可以继续为此而遗憾,正如我们中的很多人一样。I n
11、eednt have taken the umbrella,for the weather is fine.天气这么好,我本没必要带雨伞的。You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。You might have given him more help,though you were busy then.你本可以给他更多帮助,虽然你当时很忙。二、虚拟语气If my brother were here,everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿的话,一切都没问题了。If yo
12、u had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the exams.如果你早听了我的建议,你考试就能通过了。If it should rain this afternoon,the basketball match would be put off.要是今天下午下雨,篮球比赛就会被推迟。特别提醒在if引导的虚拟条件句中,条件句的谓语动词中含有had,were,should时,可以把if省略,把had,were,should提到句首,变为部分倒装句。Had you(If you had)come earlier,you would have
13、caught the early bus.如果你早点来,就能赶上早班车了。1与表示建议、命令、要求、坚持等词相关的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。常见的这类动词的记忆口诀:一个坚持(insist),两个命令(order,command),三 个 建 议(suggest,advise,propose),四 个 要 求(ask,require,demand,request)。He suggested that we(should)start off early the next day.他建议我们第二天早点出发。特别提醒当suggest表示“暗示
14、,表明”之意,insist表示“坚持说”之意时,suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气,而使用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。The man insisted that he had never stolen money.那个人坚持说他从没有偷过钱。2It is(high)time that.句型使用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词的形式为“过去式”或“should动词原形”,should不能省略。It is high time that
15、 we should start/started off.我们该出发了。3wish后的宾语从句I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是一只鸟,能在天空中自由飞翔。I wish(that)I had met that professor yesterday.我多希望昨天见到了那个教授。4would rather后的宾语从句5as if引导的状语从句、表语从句中的虚拟语气特别提醒如果从句中描述的为事实或很可能是事实情况,那么从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。It sounds as if it is raining.
16、听起来像是在下雨。6if only引导的感叹句中,表示与现在事实相反,用一般过去时;表示与 过 去 事 实 相 反,用 过 去 完 成 时;表 示 与 将 来 事 实 相 反,用“could/would动词原形”,译为“要是就好了”。If only I had seen the film.要是我看过那部电影就好了。如何判定情态动词和虚拟语气1意义和语气判断法所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此,熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是答题的前提。此外,情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感,所以在解答此类试题时,要从说话者的角度去考虑问题,结合具体的语境来分析和判断,最后确定所
17、需情态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。语法填空典例George _(not go)too far.His coffee is still warm.分析:由下文的“His coffee is still warm.”可以看出,乔治应该是刚离开,不可能走太远。表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否定推测,应填cant/couldnt have gone。2时间判断法虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时间后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的形式。语法填空典例I wish I _(be)at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.分析:句意:我真希望上周二参加了妹妹的婚礼,不过我当时正在纽约出差。根据句中的but可知“我参加了妹妹的婚礼”只是一种假设,根据空后的时间状语last Tuesday可知,动作发生在过去,此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,故谓语用“had过去分词”结构。故答案为had been。针对训练点击进入word.