1、1contribute v贡献，处理，投稿 contribution n贡献2short adj.短的，不足的；矮的shortage n短缺，不足，缺乏3effect n影响，效果，作用 effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的4recycle v再利用，回收利用recycled adj.回收再利用的5earn v挣(钱)earner n挣钱者6donate v捐赠，捐献 donation n捐款，捐赠；捐赠物7real adj.实际的，真实的 reality n真实，现实1contribution n捐款；定期缴款；贡献；促成作用；稿件All contributions for t
2、he May issue must be received by Friday.稿件He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project.贡献These measures would make a valuable contribution towards reducing accidents.促成作用The factory still hands in monthly contributions for the laidoff workers.定期缴款After he earned a large amount
3、of money，he made a contribution to charity.捐款2well adv.很好地；充分地adj.情况良好的；健康的n.井The conference was very well organized.很好地The farmer dug a well in his backyard to get clean water.井The surface must be well prepared before you start to paint.充分地 I dont feel very well so I dont go shopping with you.健康的As
4、 we all know，all is well that ends well.情况良好的Words and Phrasescontribution n贡献；捐赠；投稿(教材P13)the contribution these people made to society这些人为社会所做出的贡献例1All contributions will be gratefully received.我们对所有捐资表示感谢。 例2The school sees its job as preparing students to make a contribution to society.这所学校以培养学生
5、为社会做贡献为己任。造句他们在书中没有提及她的贡献。They didnt mention her contribution in the book.知识拓展(1)make a contribution/contributions to 对做出贡献(2)contribute v. 捐赠；捐献；贡献；促成；导致；投稿contribute.to. 把捐献给；给投稿contribute to. 做出贡献；有助于；导致即学即练单句语法填空Overeating and lack of regular exercise easily contribute to overweight and high blo
6、od pressure.Im sure your suggestions will contribute to solving(solve) the problem.小片段填空Many people contributed money to Project Hope，which contributed to many children returning to school.A teacher wrote an article about this and contributed it to a newspaper.Such contribution made us feel excited.
7、许多人给希望工程捐钱，使许多孩子重返校园。一位老师据此写了一篇文章并向报社投了稿。这种捐献让我们很激动。relief n减轻，缓解(教材P13)The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried，is one of the commonest observations made at a sick bed.病人在仔细清洗和干燥皮肤后所感受到的宽慰和舒适程度，是在病床上最常见的观察结果之一。例1When he heard he had
8、 passed the examination，he smiled in relief.听说通过了考试，他如释重负地笑了。例2I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination.当我听说我考试通过的时候，我感到轻松多了。造句能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it.知识拓展to ones reliefto the relief of sb.使某人欣慰的是much to ones relief 使某人很欣慰的是relieve
9、 v. 解除，减轻即学即练单句语法填空Much to her relief，she saw the door open.She longed for something to relieve (relief)the tiredness of everyday life.under control在控制中；情况正常(教材P13).its the best smile in the world；and theres nobody hurt，and the wells under control.它是世界上美好的微笑；无人受伤并且油井得以控制。例1She brings her weight unde
10、r control by dieting and exercising.她通过节食和锻炼来控制体重。例2If our neighbor continues to refuse to keep his dog under control，we have to take him to court.如果我们的邻居继续拒绝对他的狗加以控制，我们就不得不控告他了。造句幸运的是，消防员一来到大火就控制住了。Luckily，the big fire was under control as soon as the firefighters came.知识拓展“undern.”表示正在进行的动作或表示被动意义
11、，其中名词前不用冠词。under construction 正在建设中under repair 在修理中under discussion 在讨论中under treatment 正在接受治疗即学即练单句语法填空There are four underground lines in this city，and several lines are under construction.The question under discussion (discuss)is about education of preschool children.shortage n短缺，不足，缺乏(教材P14)Fre
12、shwater shortage(less than 1，000 m3/capita/year)淡水短缺(不到1 000立方米/人/年)例1There is no shortage of things to do in the town.城里不愁找不到活儿干。例2Shortage of hands has reduced our factorys yearly output.人手不足已使我们厂的年产量减少。造句张先生似乎认为他的工厂存在劳动力不足的现象。Mr.Zhang seems to believe there is a shortage of workers.知识拓展short adj.
13、 短的；不足的；矮的，低的be short for 简称，缩写be short of 缺少即学即练单句语法填空PRC is short for the Peoples Republic of China.We are short of hands(hand)right now.小片段填空WHO is short for World Health Organization，which is devoted to helping improve the worlds health condition.But now it is short of enough experienced medical
14、 workers.And it also finds the shortage of freshwater made the living conditions worse in some countries.WHO是世界卫生组织的简称，该组织主要致力于改善全世界的健康状况。但是现在它缺乏足够多有经验的医务人员。并且它发现淡水的缺乏使一些国家的生活条件更差。earn vt.挣(钱)(教材P14)At first，his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.起初，他的计划是挣些钱在非洲某个地方打一口井
15、。例1My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.爷爷说去年夏天他们靠卖鱼赚了很多钱。例2I want to earn a lot of money when I grow up.长大后，我想挣大钱。造句他工作很努力，但钱赚得不多。He works hard，but he does not earn much money.知识拓展earn moneymake money挣钱earn ones/a living(by.) (靠)谋生/维持生计earn ones fame/a reputation赢
16、得名声即学即练单句语法填空How does she earn her (she) living after she left her family?He has earned (earn) a good reputation as a teacher since he graduated.小片段填空After graduating from college，he decided to be a doctor in a small mountain village.Although he didnt earn much money，he earned a great reputation amo
17、ng the villagers.At first，his parents wondered how he earned his living on such little money but gradually they understood him.大学毕业后，他决定去一个小山村当医生。尽管挣钱不多，但是他在村民中声誉很好。开始他的父母很疑惑他靠那一点钱怎么谋生，但是逐渐地他们理解了他。give up放弃，停止(教材P15)Two thousand dollars was a lot of money，but Ryan didnt give up.2 000美元可是一大笔钱，但是瑞恩没有放
18、弃。例1The following are some ideas to help people to give up smoking.下面是一些帮助人们戒烟的方法。例2She will give up this journey if the weather isnt so satisfying.如果天气不那么让人满意，她将放弃这次旅行。造句没有人能让他放弃他当篮球运动员的梦想。No one can make him give up his dream of becoming a basketball player.知识拓展give in (to) 屈服(于) ，对做出让步give out 发；
19、用光；放出 give away 赠送；泄露即学即练单句语法填空Can you give out the papers to the students present，please?If a person has not had enough sleep，his action will give him away during the day.break into a smile突然笑起来(教材P15)He broke into a joyful smile.他突然开心地笑了起来。例1He is always serious and it is very hard to make him bre
20、ak into a smile.他总是很严肃，很难让他突然笑起来。例2While reading a storybook，the young girl broke into a smile suddenly.读故事书的时候，小女孩突然笑了起来。造句这名学生往教室跑着，突然大笑了起来。The student broke into a big smile as she came to her classroom.知识拓展break into 破门而入；强行闯入break down 出故障；垮掉break off 断开，折断，中断break out 爆发；突然发生break away(from sb
21、./sth.) 突然挣脱(某人/物)，脱离(某人/物)即学即练单句语法填空Our car broke down on the way and whats worse，it was getting dark.His home was broken (break) into last night and he lost his new bike.Sentence Patternshave trouble (in)doing sth.在方面有困难；做某事费力(教材P14)As a sixyearold Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing the
22、 words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldnt get enough clean water.当瑞恩还是一个6岁的加拿大小学生时，他很难相信他的老师所说的非洲发展中国家的许多人得不到足够的清洁水的话。句式分析：该句是一个复合句。the words后面的部分是过去分词作定语，其中的that引导同位语从句，解释说明words的内容。该句主句的句式是have trouble (in) doing sth.，表示做某事有困难。例1We had a lot of trouble i
23、n finding your home.我们费了好大的劲儿才找到你家。 例2I have great trouble remembering all these numbers in a short time.短时间内记住这所有的数字很费劲。造句我知道我想说什么，但我觉得难以向别人表达清楚。I know what I want to say but I have trouble (in) expressing it clearly to others.知识拓展have much/some/little/no difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth.
24、做有很大/一些/很少/没有困难have difficulty/trouble/problem with sth. 在方面有困难have a hard/good time (in) doing sth. 做某事经历困难/愉快的时光即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The children are having fun in playing (play) hideandseek.You cant imagine the trouble we had finishing (finish) the work ahead of time.The students have great difficulty
25、with(有困难) this type of sentence.You can hardly imagine the difficulty we had finishing the work(完成任务时的困难) in such a short time.so.that.如此以至于(教材P14)And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?为什么水如此脏以至于使他们生病？句式分析：该句是一个复合句。 so为副词，修饰形容词dirty；that 为连词，引导结果状语从句。例1The teacher explained the Engli
26、sh grammar so clearly that even I could understand it.老师把英语语法解释的如此清晰，以至于甚至我都能听明白。例2I was so excited that I could not speak.我很激动以至于说不出话来了。造句她如此努力学习，所以一定会比别人更早实现梦想。She studies so hard that she is sure to realise her dream earlier than others.知识拓展(1)sothatclause(2)suchthatclause即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The stone
27、 is so heavy (heavily) that I cant lift it up.They are such little children that they cant do anything.He told us so interesting a story(这么有趣的一个故事) that we all laughed.He told us such an interesting story(这么有趣的一个故事) that we all laughed.(教材P14)He soon reached his first target of $70，but when he gave
28、the money to a charity，he was told that it actually cost $2，000 to build a well.分析此句为but连接的并列复合句。but前面是一个主谓宾结构的分句；后面的分句是一个主从复合句，when引导的是时间状语从句；he was told后面是that 引导的宾语从句。译文他很快就实现了第一个70美元的目标，但当他把钱捐给慈善机构时，他被告知打一口井实际上需要2 000美元。教材高考1.the contribution these people made to society(2018全国卷).old desktop mon
29、itors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions.2.The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried，is one of the commonest observations made at a sick
30、bed.(2018江苏卷)There was no cure，only pain relief.3.This insight grew from the determined attitude of a sixyearold boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.(2017全国卷)But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.单句语法填空1These reform
31、s made great contributions (contribution) to the stability of the economy.2To her relief (relieve)，her husband came home safe and sound at last.3Training didnt result in good results and was much less effective (effective)than expected.4There is no heating available due to fuel shortages(shortage)5J
32、ack and his wife donated (donate) many of their used clothes to a charity.6We had great trouble making(make) him understand what we taught him.7He really made a great difference to the world by his own efforts.8So many people in the village benefited from the volunteers timely help.9We could see the
33、 delighted (delight) workers jumping happily with the salary in hand.10The water here was so dirty that even the animals didnt want to drink.短语填空give up；be determined to；make a contribution；turn out；be grateful to；benefit from；at the same time；under control；make a difference；rise to ones feet1Many p
34、eople in the world have benefited from the arrival of 5G till now.2When the hero arrived home，the whole village turned out to greet him.3No one could help you give up smoking unless you are willing to.4We should be grateful to whoever helped us on our way to success.5Once he was determined to quit h
35、is job，no one could change him.6The businessman makes a contribution to charity every year.7He left his office suddenly.At the same time，his cellphone powered off.8When the teacher asked him to answer the question，he rose to his feet9I think we should all work for peace.Each of us can make a differe
36、nce10If you have diabetes，remember to keep your blood sugar under control.课文语法填空Ryan, a sixyearold Canadian boy, was shocked by the words 1.spoken(speak) by his teacher that many people in developing African 2.countries(country) couldnt get enough clean water. He was determined to try his best to he
37、lp them.At first, he 3.earned(earn) money by cleaning windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours. Soon, he made $70 which was enough for a hand pump，4.but it was far from enough to build a well, which 5.actually(actual) cost $2，000.Ryan didnt give up. He started to ask for help from his
38、 classmates and neighbours and persuaded them 6.to donate(donate) money. Meanwhile, a friend of his mother helped make his story go public. Several months later, Ryan had raised the $ 2，000，with 7.which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.The children at the school were grateful to him and invited him to visit.Hundreds of 8.delighted(delight) students welcomed him.Seeing the finished well and the happy children, Ryan broke 9.into a joyful smile and realized that he has made 10.a difference for these children.
