1、英语中的倒装句英语最基本的语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调,就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装,只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。一、几种常见的部分倒装结构:1Only状语或者状语从句放在句首。如:Only in this way can we improve our English只有这样,我们才能提高英语水平。Only after you left did l find this bag只是在你离开以后我才发现这只提包。2含否定意义并修饰全句的词放在句首。如:not,little,few,hardly,scarcely,no
2、 more,no longer,in no way,never,seldom,not only,no sooner等等。如:1)Seldom do I go to work by bus我很少乘公共汽车上班。2)Never shall I forget it 我永远不会忘记这件事。3)No sooner had I got home than it began to rain 我刚一到家,天就开始下雨。3So放在句首,跟在一个肯定句之后,表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或物。如:1)l like travellingSo does he我喜欢旅行,他也喜欢。2)Her father is a d
3、octorSo is her mother她父亲是位医生,她母亲也是。3)He has been to Beijing twiceSo have I他去过北京两次,我也去过两次。4Neither,nor或no more放在句首,作“也不”讲,跟在一个否定句之后,表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或物。例如:1)My teacher didnt agree with himNor did I老师不同意他的意见,我也不同意。2)Im not interested in mathsNeither is he我对数学不感兴趣,他也同样。注:当前面陈述句有两个以上不同类型的谓语动词时,如be,do或can等
4、等,或者既有肯定式又有否定式时,如have和hasnt等等,不能单独使用so或者neithernor,而应换用另外的句型结构:A:So it is with;B:It is the same with。见例句:1)I like chicken,but I dont like fish 我喜欢吃鸡肉,但不喜欢吃鱼。So it is with me 我也如此。2)Tom is an American,but lives in China,it is the same with Jack汤姆是美国人,但他住在中国。杰克也如此。5副词often,短语many a time,或者so修饰形容词或副词、位
5、于句首时。例如:1)So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment在这次事故中他伤得很重,被送进医院治疗。2)So hard does he work that he has no time to spare for travelling他那么努力工作,抽不出时间去旅行。6虚拟条件句省略if时,将were,should或had移到主语之前。如:1)Should it rain,all the crops would be saved若是下雨的话,庄稼就都得救了。2)We
6、re my teacher here,he would give some good advice我的老师如果在这儿,他会提些好建议的。3)Hadnt it been for his help,we wouldnt have finished the work in time若非有他帮忙,我们就不能及时完成工作。7以May或Long live开头的某些表示祝愿的用语。如:1)May God bless you愿上帝保佑你!2)May you succeed!祝你成功!3)Long live the peoples Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁!8由as/though引
7、导的表示“虽然”,“尽管”的让步状语从句用倒装语序时,把从句的表语或状语等放在asthough的前面。例如:1)Young asthough she was,she could work out that problem alone虽然她很小,但她却能独自解出那道难题。2)Child asthough he is,he is very brave尽管他是个孩子,但他却非常勇敢。注意:如果从句中的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词。二、几种常见的完全倒装结构 1there be句型:有时该句型中也可用其他表示存在意义的动词代替be。如:live,remain,come,stand,go,lie,e
8、xist等等。1)There is a lamp and two cups on the table桌上有一盏灯和两只杯子。2)There used to be a shop around the corner.拐角处过去有一家商店。3)Once upon a time there lived six blind men in a village in India从前在印度的一个村子里住着六位盲人。2句子的开头是here,there,now,then等副词。如:1)Here are some interesting stories for you to read这儿有些有趣的故事给你读。2)T
9、here goes the bell铃声响了。3表示方位的介词、副词放在句首。如:out,in,up,down,away等词。但应注意:句子的主语应是名词,若主语是代词,则不能倒装。如:1)Out rushed the soldiers战士们冲了出去。2)Away went the boy那男孩走开了。请比较:3)Away he went他走开了。4)Here he comes他来了。4为了保持句子平衡,强调表语和状语,使句子上下紧密衔接。如:1)At the entrance of the valley stood an old pine tree在峡谷的入口处耸立着一棵古老的松柏。2)Round the corner came a motorcycle一辆摩托车从拐角处转了过来。5直接引语位于句首。如:1)“I love you,”whispered John“我爱你。”约翰悄悄地说道。2)“Help!Help!”cried the boy in the water.水中的男孩大声呼喊着“救命啊!”倒装结构是语言的一种表达形式,除了上述各种情况需要倒装以外,还有些被强调部分也常常可以提到句首,形成倒装。例如:This they kept for themselves这东西他们就据为己有了。