1、Unit 5 China and the World 词汇精讲精练词汇精讲1. introduce（1）introduce表示“介绍”时,主要用于介绍两个不认识的互相认识，或是向听众或观众宣布并介绍演讲者或广播、节目等的细节。例如：Allow me to introduce my wife. 让我介绍一下，这是我太太。It is my pleasure to introduce tonights speaker. 我很荣幸来介绍今晚的演讲者。（2）introduce习惯上不带双宾语，如果要表示把某人介绍给另一人，可用introduceto这样的结构。汉语中的“作自我介绍”，英语用 introd
2、uce oneself。例如：Let me introduce my friend to you.（正）Let me introduce you my friend.（误）让我把我的朋友介绍给你。Permit me to introduce myself. 请允许我介绍自己。2. lie in（1）lie in表示“位于，坐落于”，后常接大的地点。根据后面地点不同，也可以用lie at，lie on。例如：ThecityliesinthenorthofChina. 那座城市位于中国的北部。A temple lies on the top of the mountain. 一座寺庙位于山顶之上。
3、(2) lie作动词，还意为“平躺”，lie的现在分词形式是lying，过去式和过去分词分别为lay和lain。例如： I found him lying on the ground. 我发现他躺在地上。 【拓展】 （1）lie作动词时，也可意为“撒谎”，过去式和过去分词是规则的，均为lied。lie也可用作名词，意为“谎言”。例如： Dont lie to me.不要向我撒谎。 The boy told a lie to me. 这个男孩向我撒了谎。原形词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie躺；位于laylainlyinglie说谎liedliedlying （2）英语中，部分以-ie结尾的动词的
4、-ing形式必须改ie为y再加-ing。例如： die dying tie tying lie lying3. remain（1）remain用作不及物动词,意为“剩下、留下、呆在”,相当于stay。例如: When the others had gone, Joan remained to clean the room. 别人走了,琼留下来清扫房间。 Only a few leaves remained on the tree. 树上只剩下几片叶子了。 The Smiths remained there all through the year. 史密斯一家人在那里呆了整整一年。 （2）re
5、main作连系动词,意为“一直保持,仍然处于某种状态中”,后可接多种成分作表语。例如：Peter became a manager but John remained a worker. 彼得当上了经理,但约翰仍然是一个工人。Whatever great progress you have made, you should remain modest. 无论你取得了多么大的进步,你都应一直保持谦虚。4. not onlybut also(1) not only.but (also)的意思是“不但而且”，连接两个并列成分，如果连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词和后面的主语保持一致。例如：Not onl
6、y my mother but (also) I like to go to the garden.不仅妈妈而且我也喜欢去公园。He can play not only the piano but also the violin. 他不仅会弹钢琴，还会拉小提琴。He was not only a writer but (also) an actor. 他不仅是一位作家，而且是一位演员。(2) 以not onlybut also 开头的句子往往引起倒装。Not only did he complain about the food, but he refused to pay for it.他不
7、仅抱怨饭不好吃，而且拒绝付饭钱。5. expect(1) expect表示“期待，期望”，通常为及物动词，直接接宾语，还可接不定式的复合结构。例如：We should not expect success overnight. 我们不能期望一夜之间就取得成功。Thats just what we expected. 那正是我们所期望的。He expected her to go with him. 他期望她同他一起去。(2) expect还可表示“预计，预料”等，后接动词时要用不定式，不用动名词。例如：I expect a storm. 我预计会有场暴风雨来。I didnt expect to
8、 find you here. 我没料到在这里碰到你。(3) expect后可接 that 从句，若从句谓语为否定，注意否定的转移。例如：I dont expect that he has done such a thing. 我预料他不会干出这种事来。I expect that I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来。6.suppose（1）be supposed to do sth. 表示“（主动）被要求做某事，应该做某事，被期望做某事”。意义上与should 接近，含有本该如何，但事实上并非如此的意思。例如：You are supposed to finis
9、h it before dark. 你应该在天黑前完成这项工作。（2） suppose作及物动词时，意为“假定，猜想”，后面常接宾语从句。例如： Lets suppose that the news is true. 让我们假定这个消息是真的。（3）suppose和think, believe等后跟宾语从句时，主句主语是第一人称时，其反义疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。例如： I suppose she is serious, isnt she? 我猜想她是认真的，不是吗？（4）对含有suppose的疑问句，在简略回答中，肯定回答用“Yes, I suppose so.”；否定回答用“No, I
10、suppose not.”，或“No, I dont suppose so.”。 例如： Do you suppose he will come? 你猜他会来吗？ No, I suppose not / dont suppose so.7. be famous forbe famous意为“著名的，出名的”，相当于be well-known。 (1) sb. be famous for表示“某人以某种知识、技能或特征出名”。 Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity. 爱因斯坦因他的“相对论”而著名。（2）sp. be famous fo
11、r表示“因某种特产而出名”。例如： The area is famous for its green tea. 这个地区因绿茶而出名。【拓展】（1）sb. be famous as表示“某人作为某种身份出名”。例如：Einstein was famous as a great scientist. 爱因斯坦作为一位伟大的科学家而著名。(2) sp. be famous as表示“作为某物的产地而出名。The area is famous as a green tea producing place. 这个地区作为绿茶产地很出名。8.chargebe charged with意为“承担，被指控，
12、（因某事）谴责（人）”。例如：Jack is charged with looking after his brother. Jack负责照看他的弟弟。The man is charged with murder. 那人被指控杀人。其主动语态为charge sb. with,意为“指控某人”。例如：The police charged the driver with careless driving. 警察指控这个驾驶员鲁莽驾驶。【拓展】charge作动词，既可做及物动词，也可做不及物动词。（1）作及物动词，意为“记账；给充电；委以重任”等。例如： Please charge these bi
13、lls to my account. 请把这些帐单记在我的账上。 He forgot to charge the battery. 他忘记给电池充电了。 She was charged with an important mission. 她被委以重任。（2）作不及物动词，意为“收费，要价；记账”等。例如： How much do you charge for a room? 租一个房间要多少钱？ Charge now，pay later. 现在先记账，以后再付款。9. break outbreak out 表示“（战争、瘟疫、火灾等）爆发 ”。例如：World War II broke ou
14、t in September 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。 【拓展】(1) break up 表示“散会,（学期）结束”等。例如：When does school break up? 本学期什么时候结束？（2）break down 可意为“(机器)坏了；（计划、谈判）失败；（谈话、通讯）中断等”。例如：We are sorry to arrive late, because the car broke down. 很抱歉我们来晚了，由于车坏了。 Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 双方的谈判已经破裂。 （
15、3）break into 表示“破门而入；打断（谈话）”。 例如：I caught two men trying to break into the office. 我瞧见两个人想闯入我的办公室。He broke into our talk rudely. 他粗鲁地打断了我们的谈话。 10.such assuch as意为“例如”，用来罗列同类人或物中的几个例子，可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，但such as后边不能用逗号。例如：I have many hobbies, such as reading, dancing and singing.我有很多爱好，如读书，跳舞和唱歌。Many
16、of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science.其中有许多英语节目很受欢迎，例如跟我学、跟我学科学。English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.许多国家说英语，如澳大利亚加拿大等。【拓展】for example也意为“例如”，但是强调“举例”说明，而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。例如：There are many kin
17、ds of pollution，for example, noise is a kind of pollution.有许多种污染方式，例如噪音就是一种污染。Many students like playing computer games，for example，Mike.许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏，比如迈克。11. a great number of a number of 意为“许多”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large，great，small等修饰，构成a great number of; a small number of等。例如：I have
18、a number of letters to write. 我有许多信件要写。A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday.昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。【拓展】the number of意为“的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English.说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。12. bothandboth.and作连词，意为“不但而且”，它可
19、以连接两个名词、形容词或者介词短语等，如果连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词常用复数形式。例如：Both my father and mother are doctors. 我的父亲和母亲都是医生。He speaks both English and French. 他既会说英语还会说法语。【拓展】(1) both.and的否定短语是neither.nor，意思是“既不也不”。Its neither too cold nor too hot. 天气既不太冷也不太热。Neither boys nor girls are interested in it. 男孩子和女孩子对此都不感兴趣。(2) neit
20、hernor连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词要和最近的主语一致。Neither he nor I am a teacher. 他不是老师，我也不是老师。词汇精练I.英汉互译。1. a great number of _ 2.位于_ 3. 因而出名_ 4.去世，消失 _ 5.set up _ 6.主管，负责 _ 7.既不也不 _ 8.set free _ 9.break up _ 10. 嘲弄，取笑 _ II.根据首字母提示把句子补充完整。1. Can you i_ yourself to us?2.The Great Wall in ancient China was used for prote
21、cting against e_ .3. Can you f _ him some water? He must be very thirsty.4. Jim is a clever boy with many f_ideas.5. I lost my driving l_ because of my carelessness. 6.We all like teachers w_ class is interesting and creative.7.The ship is s_ for Shanghai tomorrow.8. Do you know who i_ printing?9. T
22、ea is drunk by the l_ number of people all over the world. 10. Jim p_ me to keep secrets just now.III.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Hellen, together with her friends, _(have) gone abroad.2. Mr. Black _（dismiss）because of his carelessness in the work.3. Either Jack or I _ (be) wrong. 4. The lecture hall is _ (c
23、rowd) with students.5. My father promised _ (buy) a computer for me.6. The red Army succeeded in _(arrive) in Gansu Province in 1936.7. Receiving a good _ (educate) is very important.8. The girl who _ ( like) reading is my daughter.9. There is a dog_ (lie) on the ground.10. The film is well worth_ (
24、see).IV. 选词填空。 be worth, be known as, lie in, break down, come true1. Bad luck! Her car _ _ half way. 2. Mary has made her college dream _ _now. 3. Hong Kong _ _ _ the Pearl of the Orient.4. These books which were written by him _ _ reading. 5. Mount Changbai that _ _ the northeast of China is famou
25、s for Tianchi.【参考答案】I. 英汉互译。1.许多，大量 2. lie in 3. be famous for 4. pass away 5. 建立，创建 6. in charge of 7. neithernor 8. 释放，解放 9. 拆开，解散 10. make fun ofII. 根据首字母提示把句子补充完整。1.introduce 2.enemies 3.fetch 4.fantastic 5.license 6.whose 7.sailing 8.invented 9.largest 10.promised III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. has 2.
26、was dismissed 3.am/was 4.crowded 5.to buy 6. arriving 7.education 8.likes 9. lying 10.seeingIV. 选词填空。 1.broke down 2. come true 3. is known as 4. are worth 5. lies inV. 听力链接。答案：6-11 ABABBC原文：请听一段对话，完成第6至第7小题。W：Tom，I hear you are going to TokyoM：Yes，Ive got a new job thereW：Oh，thats great ! But Im go
27、ing to miss youM：Do you have my QQ number ?W：Yes，of courseM：OK，lets talk on QQ then请听一段对话，完成第8至第9小题。W: Good morning, sir.M: Good morning, madam. Can I help you?W: Yes. Is there a bookstore near here?M: Yes, there is one on the market street.W: How can I get there? Do I need to take a bus or taxi?M:
28、No. Its very near, you can go there on foot. Go down the street and then turn right. You can see it between the hospital and the cinema. W: Thanks very much.M: Youre welcome.请听一段对话，完成第10至第11小题。M: So, what did you do last weekend, Kate?W: Oh, Fred and I went for a drive in the country on Saturday.M:
29、That sounds nice. Where did you go?W: We drove to the lake and had a picnic. We had a great time! How about you, Peter? Did you do anything special?M: Not really. I just worked on my car all day.W: Oh, terrible. How about Sunday?M: I just stayed home all day. What about you, Kate? W: I went to a cinema with my friends. Then we had dinner out and went dancing.M: It sounds like you had a busy weekend!W: Yeah, I guess I did.
