1、合成名词和冠词.合成名词【语境领悟】Step one is to make sure you always have your business card with you.第一步就是要确定你总是随身带着自己的名片。*I took a liking for stamp collecting three years ago.三年前我喜欢上了集邮。*This washing machine is the latest model.这种洗衣机是最新型产品。*The runners have been in their lanes.They are doing warming-up exercises
2、.选手们已经上跑道了。他们在做热身练习。*Our greenhouse is nothing compared with yours.我们这个温室比起你们那个简直是小巫见大巫。*The only by-product of hydrogen(氢)is pure water and you can drink it.氢燃料唯一的副产品是纯水,而且你可以饮用它。*Many families on low incomes will be unable to afford to buy their own houses.许多低收入家庭将会买不起自己的房子。【知识归纳】合成名词的构成方式(1)名词名词
3、bank account 银行账户(2)名词动名词 handwriting 书法(3)动名词名词 dining room 餐厅(4)动词副词 take-off 起飞(5)形容词名词 blueprint 蓝图(6)副词名词 onlooker 旁观者(7)副词动词 outcome 结果【深化点拨】合成名词变复数的五点规律(1)以不可数名词结尾的合成名词无复数形式。例如:homework(2)以 man 或 woman 为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变成复数。例 如:woman doctorwomen doctors,man waitermen waiters(3)以两个名词构成的合成名词(前
4、面的名词为 man 或 woman除外),一般把后面的名词变复数。例如:boy friendboy friends,paper bagpaper bags(4)以“可数名词介词(短语)”构成的合成名词变复数时,把前面的名词变复数。例如:father-in-lawfathersinlaw(5)以“动词/过去分词副词”构成的合成名词变复数时,在词尾加 s。例如:grown-upgrown-ups,standbystandbys.冠词一、定冠词用法1特指人与物【语境领悟】*Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都。(特指)*Open the door plea
5、se!请把门打开!(双方都知道)*There was a chair by the window.On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.窗户附近有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女,怀里抱着一个婴儿。(指上文提到的那把靠近窗户的椅子)*Which is the biggest,the sun,the earth or the moon?太阳、地球和月亮哪一个最大?(太阳、地球和月亮都是世界上独一无二的事物)*Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.亚历山大格雷
6、厄姆贝尔在 1876 年发明了电话。(表示某项发明)【知识归纳】定冠词用法归纳(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物。(2)指谈话双方都知道的人或物。(3)指上文提到过的人或物。(4)指世界上独一无二的事物。(5)用在表示某项发明的单数名词前。2用在序数词及形容词前【语境领悟】*The first truck is carrying a few baskets.第一辆卡车装运着一些筐。(因 truck 前有序数词修饰)*They buried the dead and took the wounded to the hospital at once.他们掩埋了死者尸体,把受伤的人立刻送进了医院。(t
7、he形容词表示一类人)【知识归纳】(1)用在序数词、形容词最高级前。(2)用在一些形容词前,表示一类人(作主语时,谓语动词用复数)。3用在姓氏、乐器及方位名词前【语境领悟】*The Turners are going home on a train.特纳一家人在回家的火车上。(the姓氏的复数形式表示一家人)*Do you like playing the piano or the violin?你喜欢弹钢琴还是喜欢拉小提琴?(piano 和 violin 都是乐器,前加 the)*Summer in the south of France are for the most part dry
8、and sunny.在法国南部,夏天多半是干燥、阳光明媚的。(表示方位)【知识归纳】(1)用在姓氏复数前,表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。(2)用在乐器名词前。(3)用在表示方位的名词前。【深化点拨】(1)在表示计量的名词前用“bythe计量名词单数”。*In this supermarket,eggs are sold by the dozen.在这个超市里,鸡蛋按打出售。(2)在 句 型“及 物 动 词(hit/strike/pat/take/seize.)sb.in(on/by.)the身体部位或衣着的某一部分”中,定冠词 the 不能换成形容词性物主代词。A brick hit him o
9、n the back.一块砖头砸在他的背上。(3)用在形容词 very/only/right/following/same 之前和 just 之后。*He said he was the only person in his office who was invited to the party.他说,他是他办公室里唯一一个被邀请参加聚会的人。(4)用在江、河、湖、海、洋、运河、山脉、群岛、海湾、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前,或是报刊名词前。the Hawaiian Islands 夏威夷群岛the Red Sea 红海the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉the English C
10、hannel 英吉利海峡the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠the Persian Gulf 波斯湾the Panama Canal 巴拿马运河the West Lake 西湖the Times泰晤士报(5)用在表示世纪、年代或朝代的词前。the 1990s(1990s)20 世纪 90 年代the Middle Ages 中世纪the Ming Dynasty 明朝(6)用在句型“the比较级.,the比较级.”中。*The more learned he is,the more modest he is.他越是博学,越是谦虚。【巧学助记】定冠词用法口诀特指、重提和唯一,岛屿、海峡
11、和海湾,海洋、党派和最高级,沙漠、河流与群山,方位、顺序和乐器,年代、团体与机关,船名、建筑和组织,会议、条约与报刊,姓氏复数、国全名,请你记住用定冠。二、不定冠词用法【语境领悟】*I met an old man at the gate.我在门口遇到一位老人。*Give me an apple.给我一个苹果。(重点在 apple,即不要梨、橘子等)Give me one apple.给我一个苹果。(重点在 one,即不要两个或三个)*The children are all of an age.这些孩子都是同龄的。*I visit my grandmother once a month.我每
12、月看我奶奶一次。(once a month 每月一次)*A Mr Brown wishes to see you.一位姓布朗的先生想见你。【知识归纳】不定冠词用法归纳(1)表示泛指人或物。不定冠词表泛指,既可以指同类中的任何一个(与 any 同义),也可以指同类中的某一个。(2)表示数量“一”。不定冠词可以表示数量“一”,但其数的概念不如 one 强烈。(3)用在介词 of 后面的名词前,表示“相同的”,与 the same同义。(4)用在一些表示时间、长度、重量等单位的名词前,表示“每一”的概念,同 every,each,per。(5)用在人名等专有名词前,表示“一个叫的人”,或“某一个”。
13、【深化点拨】(1)表示独一无二的事物前有修饰词时,用不定冠词,表示属于某一类的或者是表示一种特殊情况。*We hope we can see a full moon tonight.我们希望今晚能看到一轮圆月。(2)表示季节、月份、日期、三餐等的名词前有修饰词时,用不定冠词。*This happened on a rainy Saturday towards the end of July.这件事发生在临近七月底的一个下雨的星期六。(3)当抽象名词具体化时,要用不定冠词。*It came as a big surprise that he gave me a beautiful birthda
14、y present.这真是一个大惊喜:他给了我一个漂亮的生日礼物。(4)用在序数词表示“又一,再一”,强调反复,不强调顺序。用在形容词比较级前表示“再,更”。*In order to find a better job,he decided to study a second foreign language.为了找到一份更好的工作,他决定再学一门外语。(5)用在 most 前,most 相当于 very。*It is a most interesting film.这是一部很有趣的电影。三、不用冠词的几种情况【语境领悟】*Im going to England next week for a
15、 holiday.下周我将要去英国度假。(England 是地名)*My father and mother are teachers.我的父亲和母亲都是教师。(teachers 表示一类人)*Today is Teachers Day.今天是教师节。(Teachers Day 表示节日)*I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject.我认为汉语比其他学科更受欢迎。(Chinese 是学科名称)【知识归纳】不用冠词的情况(1)在一般情况下,表示人名、地名等的名词以及物质名词和抽象名词前,不用冠词。(2)复数名词表示一类人或者事物时
16、。(3)在星期、月份、季节、节日、假日前。(4)在学科名称、三餐和球类运动名称前。【巧学助记】不用冠词的情况下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前;专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭;复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。新思维随堂自测.用合适的冠词填空1_ man should be judged by his deeds,not his words.2He described _ scene to me.3He tapped out _ article on the typewriter.4Why not have _ try?5I found _ interesting b
17、ook in _ library.6How do you like _ novel?7As _ scholar,he is far above me.8_ coat suits you well.9They discussed _ important matter with her.10Are you for or against _ plan?Athe ana anthethe aTheanthe.单句改错1He bought the third house in the countryside.答案:第一个 thea2“I have surprise for you,”he said.答案
18、:surprise 前加 a 3We work every day except the Sunday.答案:去掉 Sunday 前的 the 4Americans like to go out by a car.答案:去掉 car 前的 a 5Many lawyer is waiting outside the court.答案:在 lawyer 前加 a 6I picked up a apple off the tree.答案:apple 前的 aan 7I never play the football with her.答案:去掉 football 前的 the 8Turners are Americans.They are not in Beijing.答案:在 Turners 前加 The 9My brother and sister are the workers.答案:去掉 workers 前的 the 10One of biggest challenges for these towns was psychological(心理上的)答案:在 biggest 前加 the