1、Section Grammar&Writing语法 专项突破写作 能力提升名词性从句：宾语从句和表语从句指出黑体单词引导何种从句，以及在句中作的成分。1It is Henry Adams,an American businessman,who is lost inLondon and does not know what he should do.(宾语从句；作宾语)2May we ask what youre doing in this country and what yourplans are？(宾语从句；作表语)3I cant say that I have any plans.(宾语
2、从句；不作成分)4I didnt know whether I could survive until morning.(宾语从句；不作成分)5The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaidhand,which accounts for my appearance.(表语从句；不作成分)6Im afraid that I dont quite follow you,sir.(宾语从句；不作成分)7Thats why weve given you the letter.(表语从句；作原因状语)8Why dont you e
3、xplain how this happened？(宾语从句；作状语)一、基础点拨(一)名词性从句1定义：在主从复合句中，相当于名词的从句称之为名词性从句。名词性从句在句中的功能相当于名词。它包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句。2名词性从句的关联词及其在句中的功能：分类关联词意 义功 能连接词that无意义不充当成分whether/if是否不充当成分连接代词who(ever)(无论)谁主语、宾语、表语whose谁的定语what(ever)(无论)什么主语、宾语、表语、定语which(ever)(无论)哪一个主语、宾语、定语分类关联词意 义功 能连接副词when(ever)(无论)何时
4、时间状语where(ver)(无论)哪里地点状语why为什么原因状语how(ever)(无论)如何/怎么方式状语(二)宾语从句1定义：在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句，其作用相当于一个名词。它可以作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作非谓语动词、某些介词等的宾语。I dont know where they have gone to spend their holidays.我不知道他们去哪里度假了。2由连接词that引导的宾语从句。that在从句中不担当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。We have decided(that)we would go there by bus.我们已决定乘公共汽车去
5、那里。3whether/if引导的宾语从句。whether/if在从句中不充当成分，但是有“是否”之意，从句要用陈述语序。I dont know whether/if he is ill.我不知道他是否病了。点津 whether/if引导的宾语从句在作ask，care，find out，know，wonder等动词的宾语时，带有疑问意义。此时whether与if可互换。4连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句。连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，连接词都在从句中担当一定的成分。I dont know what I should do next.(what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
6、我不知道下一步做什么。I wonder who will play in the basketball match.(who引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语)我不知道这场篮球赛谁会上场。Ask him which he wants，the big one or the small one.(which引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语)问问他想要哪一个，大的还是小的。You can choose whatever you like.(whatever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语)你可以选择任何你喜欢的。I dont know where we should start.(where引导宾语从句，并
7、在从句中作地点状语)我不知道我们应该从什么地方开始。It is easy to understand why he was angry.(why引导宾语从句，并在从句中作原因状语)很容易理解他发怒的原因。I dont know how it happened.(how引导宾语从句，并在从句中作方式状语)我不知道这事怎么发生的。点津 whever与no matter wh易错点拨(1)whatever/whoever/whichever等既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。(2)no matter what/no matter who/no matter which等只用于引导让步状语
8、从句。(3)两种形式在引导让步状语从句时可互换。Whatever you want to do(No matter what you want to do)，your parents will always support you.(whatever引导让步状语从句，并在从句中作宾语)不管你想做什么，你的父母将永远支持你。(三)表语从句1定义：在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，其作用相当于一个名词。表语从句放在系动词之后，即主语系动词表语。This is where I dont agree with you.(where引导表语从句，where在从句中作地点状语)这就是我不同意你的地方。That
9、 is why he was late for class again.(why引导表语从句，why在从句中作原因状语)那就是他又一次上课迟到的原因。My question is where we will travel and how we will get there.(where引导表语从句，where在从句中作地点状语；how引导表语从句，how在从句中作方式状语)我的问题是我们将去哪里旅行并且我们将如何到达那里。2连接词that引导表语从句，不充当成分，无意义，但是不能省略。My advice is that we should get there by train.(that引导表
10、语从句，不充当成分，无意义)我建议我们乘火车到那儿。3whether引导表语从句，不充当成分，意为“是否”。一般不能与if互换。The question is whether you can do the work well.(whether引导表语从句)问题是你能否做好这项工作。二、难点突破(一)宾语从句1that引导宾语从句时需要注意的问题。(1)从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。They told us(that)there would be a meeting that afternoon and thatwe all should attend the meeting.(
11、第一个that可省，但第二个that不可省)他们告诉我们那天下午会有一个会议，并且我们都应该参加这个会议。(2)在demand，order，suggest，insist，propose，advise，desire等表示要求、命令、建议、坚持等意义的动词后，that宾语从句中谓语常用“(should)动词原形”，表示虚拟。The policeman demanded that the gate(should)be shut.警察命令把大门关上。巧学助记口诀巧记后面常用虚拟形式的动词一坚持：insist二命令：order，command三建议：suggest，propose，advise四要求：d
12、esire，demand，require，request(3)动词it形容词或惯用搭配that从句，it为形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。I think it a pity that you could not come.(it为形式宾语，that引导的从句为真正的宾语)你不能来，我深深惋惜。(4)动词doubt用于否定结构或疑问结构时，接that从句作宾语。We dont doubt that he can do a good job of it.(doubt用于否定句)我们不怀疑(相信)他能把这件事做得很好。(5)主 句 为 第 一 人 称，主 句 谓 语 为 think，believ
13、e，imagine,suppose和expect等动词，其引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把主句中的动词变为否定式，即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。I didnt think that he understood your question.(形式上否定主句谓语think，实际是否定宾语从句中的谓语understood)我想他没有弄懂你的问题。2whether引导宾语从句时需要注意的问题。(1)作介词宾语时，只能用whether引导宾语从句。I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home.(作介词的宾语)我是否回家，还没有定。(2)
14、whether与or或or not连用时，不可用if替换。She doesnt know whether she should get married now orwait.(whether.or.)她不知道是现在就结婚还是等等再说。(3)动词doubt用于肯定句式，其宾语从句用whether引导。I doubt very much whether he is coming.(doubt用于肯定句)我很怀疑他是否要来。(二)特殊的表语从句1as，as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词seem，appear,look，taste，sound，feel等之后。It looks as i
15、f a storm would come soon.(as if引导表语从句)暴风雨好像快要来啦。2句子主语为the reason时，表语从句通常用that引导，即构成句型：The reason why.is that.；The reason for.is that.意为“的原因是”。The reason why he asked for two days leave is that he had to takecare of his sick son.他请了两天假的原因是他要照顾他生病的儿子。3because可引导表语从句，常用于结构：This/That is because.意为“这/那是
16、因为”。Thats because I was too busy then.(强调原因)那是因为那时我太忙。易混辨析Thats because.意为“那是因为”，强调原因Thats why.意为“那是的原因”，强调结果Thats why we didnt attend that meeting.(强调结果)那就是我们为什么没有参加会议的原因。4 主 语 为 advice，suggestion，proposal，demand，desire,requirement，request，order，command等表示建议、要求、命令等意义的名词时，表语从句的谓语要用“shoulddo”，其中shoul
17、d可省，表示虚拟。His request is that they(should)stay here for the night.他请求他们应该在这儿逗留一晚。点津(1)从句语序要用陈述语序。(2)主句与从句的时态要保持一致(若为客观真理、科学原理、自然现象，则从句仍用一般现在时态)。They wanted to know where they could find this kind of plants.他们想知道到哪里能够找到这种植物。Last night，Dad tried his best to explain to his little child how theearth move
18、s around in space.(从句表达的为客观事实)昨晚，爸爸尽力向他的孩子解释地球在太空中是如何运转的。.将下列句子改为含有宾语从句的复合句1Does Mr.Brown enjoy living in China?Could you tell me?Could you tell me _Mr.Brown_living in China?2“No news is good news.”he said.He said _ no news _ good news.whether/if enjoys that is 3Who invented TV set?I dont know.I don
19、t know _ TV set.4“Does the girl need any help？”he asked me.He asked me _ the girl _ help.who invented if/whether needed some.完成句子1The teacher suggested _(我们为即将到来的期末考试做准备)(that)2Do you know_(是否已做出什么决定)？(whether/if)that we should prepare for the coming final exam whether/if any decision has been made
20、3That is _(他拒绝接受的原因)(why)4His request is _(我们应努力工作)(that)5It appears _(他不了解此事故)(as if)why he refused to accept it that we should work hard as if he knew nothing about the accident.翻译句子1红色墙的房子是我爷爷30年前住的地方。(定语从句，表语从句)_2你无法想象他们收到这些漂亮的礼物时多么兴奋。(宾语从句)_The house，whose walls are red，is where my grandfather
21、usedto live thirty years ago.You cant imagine how excited they were when they received these nice presents.3他觉得帮助穷人是他的责任。(it作形式宾语)_4他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。(表语从句)_He feels it his duty that he should help the poor.His first question was whether Mr.Smith arrived yet.5我认为他无法按时完成工作。(否定转移)_6你不在时你建议谁应该被派去那里工作？(
22、插入语)_7我也不明白我到底怎么了。(宾语从句)_I dont think he can finish the work on time.Who do you suggest that should be sent to work there when you are away？I couldnt understand what was the matter with me.单句语法填空1At the evening party the host said _ was able to solvethe riddle could get a nice present as a reward.2W
23、e have dresses of various styles and patterns on sale and youmay take _ suits you best.3I was shocked by the poor results of the exam,which made merealize _ terrible problems I would face.whoever whichever what 4What annoys the parents is _ children spend too much timeplaying games.5Dont you know _，
24、my dear friend,it is you who she loves?6A new study found _ when a female teacher has anxietyabout maths,that feeling can influence _ her students feelabout maths.that that that how 7He didnt go by bike with me.Thats _ there wassomething wrong with his bike.8The small house is _ he was born ten year
25、s ago.9I am not interested in _ he wants.10What the farmers care about is _ there will be raintomorrow.because where what whether 创造性写作：改写戏剧1确定体裁：改写戏剧类文章属于记叙文，要求将戏剧情节用自己重新组织的语言进行改写。2确定主体时态：鉴于戏剧的故事性，这类文章的主体时态通常用一般过去时。也有少许用一般现在时的情况。3确定中心人称：这类写作主要讲述戏剧中人物的故事，因此中心人称是第三人称。4确定结构：改写戏剧通常要求改写戏剧中的某一片段或是概述戏剧内容。
26、一般情况下故事情节是完整的，因此写作时应当遵循记叙文的“开端发展高潮结局”的模式。常用句式1改写故事类文章常用开头语：Long long ago.Once upon a time.2展开情节：In order to.he.Immediately,they.At that time,he was so.that.In the end.请根据以下要点，为本单元课文“The Million Pound Bank Note”写一篇故事梗概。1美国人Henry Adams意外来到伦敦，身无分文；2老富翁Roderick和Oliver兄弟俩打赌，看仅有一张百万英镑钞票的人能否在伦敦生活一个月，他们选中He
27、nry做实验；3Henry带着装有百万英镑的信封走进一家餐馆，店员、店主从不屑一顾到百般奉迎。注意：1.词数100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。审题谋篇词句推敲1词汇(1)到达 _(2)偶然地 _(3)打赌 _(4)被冷淡地对待 _(5)改变对某人的态度 _arrive in by accident make a bet be treated coldly change ones attitude(s)to/towards sb.2句式(1)为了看看一个只有一张百万英镑大钞的人能否在伦敦生活一个月，兄弟俩打了个赌。他们把一个装有百万英镑大钞的信封给了亨利。To see _ a man
28、with only a million pound bank note couldsurvive a month in London,the brothers _ and gaveHenry an envelope with the big note in it.whether made a bet(2)他们马上就改变了对亨利的态度，尽可能地去讨好他。Immediately,they _ towards Henry,tryingto be as good as they could to him.changed their attitudes妙笔成篇_参考范文An American named
29、 Henry Adams arrived in London byaccident.He had no money on him and was wandering on thestreet when he was stopped by two old and wealthy brothers，Roderick and Oliver.To see whether a man with only a millionpound bank note could survive a month in London，the brothersmade a bet and gave Henry an env
30、elope with the big note in it.Henry，without opening the envelope，came to a restaurant，where he was treated coldly by the waiter because he was in rags.When Henry took out the million pound bank note from the envelope，both the waiter and the owner were shocked.Immediately，they changed their attitudes towards Henry，trying to be as good as they could to him.
