1、语法专题突破专题十二 构词法英 语2022内 容 索 引核心考点 课堂突破 专项训练 巩固提升 核心考点 课堂突破 高考感悟单句填空1.(2020 全国卷)Landing on the moons far side is(extreme)challenging.2.(2020全国卷)Chinese New Year is a(celebrate)marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.3.(2020全国卷)The(beauty)long branches covered with pink-colored
2、 buds(蓓蕾)make fantastic decorations.4.(2020全国卷)(certain)during the holiday period,this plant is a must.extremelycelebrationbeautifulCertainly5.(2020全国卷)Filled with(curious),the artist packed his bags and left.6.(2020全国卷)As the small boat moved(gentle)along the river,he was left speechless by the mou
3、ntains being silently reflected in the water.7.(2020新高考全国卷)Historical(accurate)is important but so is entertainment.8.(2020北京卷)Oliver says if youre(luck)enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking,ask them if you can join in when its possible.curiositygentlyaccuracylucky9.(2018全国卷)Running
4、 is cheap,easy and its always(energy).10.The best education should not be available only to(wealth)people.energeticwealthy考点归纳考点一 构词法的种类构词法合成法合成名词weekend,cowboy,sunlight合成形容词part-time,first-class,good-looking合成副词someday,anywhere,however其他合成词somebody,safeguard,without转化法名词形容词 light光线/轻的 right右边/对的名词动
5、词taste味道/尝 dress连衣裙/穿衣动词形容词 open打开/开着的 clean打扫/干净的形容词副词 late晚的/迟到 hard艰苦的/努力地构词法派生法前缀disable,impossible,nonstop,disability,disadvantage,disagreement后缀changeable,childhood,friendship缩略法混成法breakfast+lunchbrunch截短法laboratorylab首字母缩略法 Gross Domestic ProductGDP考点二 合成法合成法就是由两个或更多的词合成一个词。词与词之间有的用连字符“-”连接,有
6、的直接连写在一起,还有的分开写。1.合成名词合成方式例词n.+n.weekend周末 woman doctor女医生 seafood 海鲜 boyfriend男朋友 police officer 警官 cowboy牛仔 mooncake月饼 sunlight阳光 chairman主席n.+v.-ingstory-telling讲故事 handwriting 书法sightseeing 观光 shoe-making 鞋子制作n.+v.sunrise日出 haircut理发 toothpick牙签daybreak破晓合成方式例词v.-ing+n.washing machine洗衣机 writing
7、 desk写字桌running water自来水 reading room阅览室v.+n.cookbook食谱 playground操场 typewriter打字机adj.+n.supermarket超市 blackboard 黑板greenhouse温室 freeway高速公路n.+in+n.editor-in-chief总编 father-in-law岳父,公公 mother-in-law岳母,婆婆其他output产量 looker-on旁观者 income收入 get-together聚会 breakfast早餐2.合成形容词合成方式例词n.+过去分词 snow-covered被雪覆盖的
8、 man-made人造的n.+v.-ingpeace-loving爱好和平的 paper-making造纸的 Chinese-speaking讲汉语的adj.+n.part-time兼职的 full-time全职的n.+adj.ice-cool处变不惊的 snow-white雪白的worldwide世界范围的lifelong终生的grass-green草绿的num.+n.second-hand二手的 first-class一流的合成方式例词num.+n.+adj.five-year-old五岁的 200-meter-long 200米长的adj.+n.+-edwarm-hearted热心的 k
9、ind-hearted好心的 middle-aged中年的adj.+v.-ingordinary-looking相貌平平的 good-looking好看的 easy-going随和的其他well-known著名的 ten-storeyed 10层的 face-to-face面对面的3.合成副词合成方式例词adj.+n.someday某天 sometime某个时间adv.+n.overhead在头上downstairs在楼下indoors在室内outdoors在户外adj.+adv.anywhere任何地方 somewhere某处其他maybe可能 however然而4.其他合成词合成方式例词合
10、成代词somebody某个人 everything一切 everybody每个人 anyone任何人合成动词overwork加班 oversleep睡过头 safeguard保护,捍卫 whitewash粉刷 overhear偷听合成介词inside在里面 outside在外面 within在范围内 without没有 throughout遍及考点三 转化法转化法就是一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变。转化方法例词n.adj.final决赛/最后的 light光线/轻的 right右边/对的n.v.doubt疑问/怀疑 taste味道/尝 dress连衣裙/穿衣 hand手/递 wa
11、tch手表/观看smell气味/闻 book书/预订v.adj.close关上/近的 open打开/开着的 slow变慢/慢的 clean打扫/干净的 wrong不公正(或不诚实)对待/错误的 narrow使变窄/狭窄的adj.adv.late晚的/迟到 enough足够的/足够地 hard艰苦的/努力地考点四 派生法派生法就是由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。1.前缀派生形式例词auto-autobiography自传 automobile汽车 automaker汽车制造商dis-disable使失去能力 disadvantage缺点 disagree不同意en-enable使能够 en
12、act制定法律 enrich使丰富fore-forearm前臂 forecast预报 forebear祖先im-impossible不可能的 impolite不礼貌的 impatient不耐烦的派生形式例词in-inactive不活跃的 incorrect不正确的 incomplete不完全的kilo-kilogram千克 kilometer千米mis-mistake错误 mislead误导 mistreat虐待 misuse误用multi-multimedia多媒体 multinational跨国的,多民族的 multi-coloured多种颜色的non-nonsmoker非吸烟者 nons
13、top不停的 nonsense无意义的话over-overweight超重的 overcoat外套 overboard在船外 overdo做得过分re-return返回,返还 review复习 reuse重新使用 reunite使再结合tele-telegram电报 telephone电话 telescope望远镜 television电视un-unsafe不安全的 unsatisfied不满意的 unsocial非社会的 unfair不公平的2.后缀派生形式例词-aryrevolutionary革命的 imaginary想象中的-ousglorious辉煌的joyous快乐的famous著名
14、的religious 宗教的-iveattractive有吸引力的 talkative健谈的 sensitive敏感的-lyhappily快乐地strangely奇怪地gently轻轻地extremely极度地 truly真实地-ward(s)backward(s)向后 homeward(s)向家 eastward(s)往东-wiseclockwise顺时针方向的-alcultural文 化 的personal个 人 的regional区 域 性 的musical音乐的-oractor演员 professor教授派生形式例词-erengineer工程师 driver司机 teacher老师-e
15、ssactress女演员 poetess女诗人 hostess女主人-mentmovement移 动pavement人 行 道astonishment 惊 讶puzzlement 迷惑 disappointment 失望 argument 辩论,论据-nesshappiness快乐 selfishness自私 kindness友好-tyrapidity迅速 activity活动-eseChinese中国人/汉语 Japanese日本人/日语-anAmerican美国的/人 Australian澳大利亚的/人-istpianist钢琴家 socialist社会主义者-ianmusician音乐家
16、 Asian亚洲的/人-ifybeautify美化 simplify简化派生形式例词-enwiden加宽 shorten缩短 lengthen加长-edexcited兴奋的 interested感兴趣的 tired疲倦的-ingfeeling感情 exciting令人兴奋的 building建筑物-domfreedom自由 wisdom智慧 kingdom王国-thtruth真相 warmth温暖 width宽度-teenfourteen十四 sixteen 十六-cyfluency 流利privacy 隐私;私密accuracy精确efficiency 效率,功效-yrainy多雨的 wea
17、lthy 富裕的 sunny 晴朗的-ure/-turefailure 失败,没做到pressure 压力mixture 混合,混合物departure离开,出发派生形式例词-alarrival到达 survival 幸存 approval 同意 burial 埋葬-ance/-enceappearance 出现,外貌guidance 指引,指导performance 表演,节目existence 存在,生存preference 偏爱reference 参考,查阅-domfreedom 自由,自主 wisdom 明智;智慧-y-ty-ityhonesty 诚实difficulty 困难crue
18、lty 残酷,残暴safety 安全 disability 无能,伤残 responsibility 责任专项训练 巩固提升.单句填空1.People with disabilities are now doing many things to(rich)their lives.2.It is your(free)to do what you want after class.3.After a long and heated discussion,the final(agree)was arrived at in the end.4.The Chinese people are very(f
19、riend)to foreigners.5.They were the kind that I did not have in my(collect)so I placed them carefully in my bag.enrichfreedomagreementfriendlycollection6.I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time.(fortunate),I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.7.Ron had a(success)career and worked for the c
20、ompany before retiring and leading a relaxed life.8.Excessive dosage(剂量)of this drug can result in(injure)to the liver.9.But Jane knew from past experience that her(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.10.(obvious),the story is not true,but the festival is interesting.Unfortunatelysuccessfu
21、linjurychoiceObviously.单句改错1.Do you know the different between the two words?2.We hope you children grow happily and healthy.3.At the beginner of the class,Mr Tang told us a funny story.4.The old lady looked angry at me.5.Our government is doing something useful to solve the environment problems.dif
22、ferentdifferencehealthyhealthilybeginnerbeginningangryangrilyenvironmentenvironmental6.Its really possible for a child of one to take care of himself.7.Jack is an excellent scientist.He comes from German.8.Fortunate,I have just got enough money to buy the new CDs.9.John looks at his watch from time
23、to time.Why is he so unpatient?10.Having a hot bath after work can make you feel relaxing.possibleimpossibleGermanGermanyFortunateFortunatelyunpatientimpatientrelaxingrelaxed.语法填空Writing keeps us in touch with other people.We write to communicate with 1.(relate)and friends.With computers and Interne
24、t 2.(connect)in many families,schools,and companies,people are e-mailing others all the time,or talking to them by 3.(write)in online chat rooms.It is 4.(cheap)than calling long 5.(distant).Students are e-mailing their 6.(teach)to receive and discuss their classroom tasks and to turn them in.They ar
25、e e-mailing classmates to discuss their homework.They are also sharing 7.(inform)about concerts and sports events,as well as jokes and their 8.(day)life.relativesconnectionswritingcheaperdistanceteachersinformationdailyDespite the growing 9.(important)of computers,however,there are some people who k
26、eep writing 10.(person)letters.Because they believe that a hand-written note to a friend or a family member is the best way to communicate important thoughts.importancepersonal.短文改错My English teacher Mrs Zhang is a good teacher in my mind.She loves us and treat us as her own child.Patient and respon
27、sible,she is always ready to help anyone poorly in English and encourage them to catch up the others.And she is happy whenever we make a progress.She loves English and really enjoys teaching.Learn a foreign language may be boring but it becomes interested in Mrs Zhangs class.She has a way to make her class lively and sometimes full of humorous.She aims to help improve her ability in listening,speaking,writing and reading.The results were impressive.
