1、解密08情态动词和虚拟语气序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】情态动词和虚拟语气为中学英语考纲要求的内容,并且是高考内容中的难点之一。英语中常用的情态动词主要有can,could,may,might,must,will,would,shall,should,ought to,dare,need,used to,had better等。在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点:同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况;情态动词后跟各种形式的用法;特别是注意“情态动词
2、+完成式”是高考中的重点所在。【备考建议】1. 考生应掌握can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should, ought to, need, dare, be able to, used to等情态动词的基本用法。2. 考生应掌握虚拟语气在非真实条件句、名词性从句及其他句型中的运用。Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-情态动词的基本用法can,could与be able to的用法1表示现在的能力:can,am/is/are able to。2表示将来的能力:will be able to。3表示过去的能力:could表示过去的
3、能力,不表示是否成功地做了;was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。4can/could表示惊讶,常用在否定句和疑问句中。5can/could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事,意为“能,可以”。may与might的用法1表示请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时要用mustnt,表示“不可以”“禁止”“阻止”之意。2may/might还可以表示推测,意为“可能”。3“may/might as well动词原形”意为“最好,倒不如”。must的用法1must用于否定句,表示“禁止”,表示说话者的命令或指令,语气比较强烈。2must表示必要性,意为“必须”。3
4、must表示偏执、固执,意为“非得,偏要”。need与dare的用法1need作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。2dare作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用在肯定句中。 注意在肯定句中need和dare通常为实义动词,否定和疑问需借助助动词do及其变形。will与would的用法1表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。2will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。3will可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“总要”之意。4would可以表示过去的习惯性动作,比used to正式,但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。shall,should与ought to的
5、用法1shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。2shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。3should表示义务、职责等,意为“应该”。 4“Why/How should结构”表示说话人对某事不能理解,有感到意外、惊讶等意思,意为“竟会”。5ought to表示“应该”。6shall还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的“应该”。【真题对点析】11.【2020全国新课标I改错】I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to
6、 cook.【答案】to去掉【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意:并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词,后接动词原形,to多余,故将to去掉。2. (2018北京)12. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.【答案】can【解析】考查情态动词。在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“客观可能性”,故该空应用情态动词can。3.(2017北京)21. Samuel, the tallest boy in
7、 our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.【答案】can 【解析】考查情态动词。Samuel,我班最高的男生,能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书,此处需要一个表示能力的词,故用can。4.(2018全国II卷)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. 【答案】去掉not后的to【解析】考查情态动词。would是情态动词,表意愿,后
8、需跟动词原形,故to多余。 They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.【对点模拟练】11.Cant you stay a little longer? Its getting late. I really _go now, My daughter is home alone.A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【参考答案】C【答案解析】句意:你不能再多待会儿吗?很晚了,我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能,可以,也许; can能,会;C. must必须,必然要,必定会;
9、D. dare敢,胆敢。结合句意,故选C。2. You _be careful with the camera. It costs!A .must B. may C. can D. will【参考答案】A【答案解析】考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知,照相机很昂贵,可推断此处是说,你一定要非常小心对待照相机。故选A 。may可能;can能够,有时会;will会,愿意。3. You feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it
10、.A. should B. need C. shall D. may【参考答案】D【答案解析】句意:你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间,但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的。should应该;need需要;shall将会;may(不确定)可能。所以选D。【考点精准说】2-情态动词表推测的用法1can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性,意为“有时会”;用于疑问句中可以表示推测,意为“可能”,有时表示一种惊讶的语气;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,cant意为“不可能”,语气很强烈。2may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测,意为“有可能”;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,may not意为“
11、可能不”,表示一种不太确定的语气。3must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。4should用来表示推测时意为“应该”,即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。5. “情态动词have done”的用法情态动词have done用法must have done一定做过某事,其否定形式为cant/couldnt have donecan/could have done1.本来能够做但却未做2可能做过某事cant/couldnt have done不可能做过某事may/might have done或许/可能做过某事sho
12、uld/ought to have done本该做但却未做,其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了neednt have done做了本没有必要做的事情【真题对点析】21.【2018北京】12. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意:在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“客观可能性”,故该空应用情态动词can
13、。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要;should应该,竟然;must必须,肯定。2.【2017北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. must B. should C. can D. need【答案】C【解析】A. must 必须 B. should 应该 C. can 能 D. need 需要。句意:Samuel,我班最高的男生,能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书,此处需要一个表示能力的词,故用can,答案为C。3.【2016天津】5. It
14、 was really annoying; I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended. A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt【答案】B【解析】句意:这真是令人生气的;我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldnt不愿意;couldnt不能;shouldnt不应该;neednt不必。故选B。考点:考查情态动词。4.【2016浙江】17. George _ too far . His coffee is still warm .A. must have gone B. might have g
15、one C. cant have gone D. neednt have gone【答案】C【解析】乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。cant have done是对过去的否定推测;must have done过去一定做了某事;might have done过去可能做了某事;neednt have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。5.【2015重庆】12. You _ be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.A. must B. can C. will D. shall【答案】A 【解析】句意:你肯定是卡罗,这
16、些年你一点也没有变化。 must表示对现在的肯定推测。 故选A。【对点模拟练】21.Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. You _ have made full preparations.A. mustB. canC. wouldD. should【参考答案】D【答案解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意:对不起,妈妈,我面试又失败了。噢,那太糟糕了,你应该做好充分准备的。A.must必须;B.can可以;C.would将会;D.should应该。can have done表示对过去行为的怀疑,用
17、于疑问句,译成可能做过吗?;could have done表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做;must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成一定做过某事,该结构只用于肯定句;should have done的意思是本来应该做某事,而实际没做。故选D。2There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.AmustntBshantCshouldntDneednt【答案】C【解析】试题分析:考查情态动词:A.
18、mustnt禁止B. shant 不可以,C. shouldnt(按道理讲)应该,D. neednt不必,句意:既然你在驾校练习了这么多,通过驾驶测试应该没问题。选C。【名师点评】情态动词要记住基本含义,和肯定,否定的区别,象must肯定是“必须”,而mustnt 是禁止的意思,而should(nt)则表示按道理(不)应该。做题时关键看上下文。考点:考查情态动词3Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _ too much at the party last night.Acould drinkBshould drinkCwould have drunkDmust
19、 have drunk【答案】D【解析】根据 last night 可知该处是对过去的推测,故排除A、B项;must have done 表示对过去有把握的推测,可能性较大,一般有一定根据。would have done 表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果。结合语境,该句是对过去有把握的推测,而非与过去事实相反的假设或结果。故正确答案为D。考点:考查情态动词的用法。4George _ too far. His coffee is still warm.Amust have goneBmight have goneCcant have goneDneednt have gone【答案】C【解析】考查
20、情态动词+have done。句意:乔治不可能走得太远。他的咖啡仍然是温的。cant have done一定不可能做了某事;must have done过去一定做了某事;might have done过去可能做了某事;neednt have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。51 have one regret about the time I spent in high school: I _ more advanced classes that are really helpful in college.Acouldnt have takenBshould have takenCneedn
21、t have takenDmust have taken【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意:我对我的高中时光有一个遗憾:我本应该上一些在大学里很有用的高级课程。A. couldnt have done不可能做过;B. should have done本应该做而没有做;C. neednt have done本不必做却做了;D. must have done一定做过。根据“1 have one regret”可知此处表示“本应该做而没有做,所以才有遗憾”,故B项正确。6More and more countries have come to realize that th
22、e world_ do without Huawei and its more advanced technology.AcantBneedntCmustntDshouldnt【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。句意:越来越多的国家意识到世界上离不开华为和它更先进的科技。A. cant不能;B. neednt不需要;C. mustnt一定不能;D. shouldnt不应该。cant do without意为“离不开”,为固定搭配。故选A。【考点精准说】3-虚拟语气if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件句中虚拟语气的用法if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)
23、should/would/could/might动词原形表示过去情况had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词错综时间条件句的虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。省略if的倒装句在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式。含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示,而是由otherwise,but,or,without,but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出。(should)do.结构的虚拟1用于
24、表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中常见的动词有:demand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise,request,urge,command,prefer,desire,recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should动词原形”,should可以省略2用于主语从句中在It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essentialthat从句中,从句的谓语动词用“should动词原形”,shoul
25、d可以省略。3用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是“should动词原形”,should可以省略。 其他句型中的虚拟语气1would rather后的宾语从句中,表示愿望,意为“宁愿;但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。2在“It is (about/high)timethat从句”中,谓语动词常用过去式或“should动词原形”表示虚拟语气。3as if,as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用
26、虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。4if only引导的感叹句中,用虚拟语气表示愿望。【真题对点析】31.(2018天津)15. If we _(catch)the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach【答案】had caught 【解析】考查虚拟语气。如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话,现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知,从句表示与过去事实相反,故用had + v-ed。故填had caught。2. (2018天津)10. I cant find
27、 my purse. I_ (could leave)it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.【答案】could have left 【解析】考查情态动词。我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落在超市了,但我不确定。根据句中的时间状语yesterday可知,是对过去事实的推测,故用情态动词+have+done,再根据后句but Im not sure可知,由此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词could,故填could have left。3.(2018北京)13. They might have found a better hot
28、el if they _(drive) a few more kilometers.【答案】had driven【解析】考查虚拟语气。如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if _ a few more kilometers是条件句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故填had driven。【对点模拟练】31. Lucas failed his driving test again. _ harder, he _the test now.A. If he
29、 practiced; would passB. Had he practiced; would passC. Did he follow; would have passedD. Should he practice; would have passed【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:Lucas驾照考试又失败了,如果他更加努力地练习,现在他就通过考试了。根据语境可知,从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,省略if,had提前使用倒装句。主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,谓语动词用would+原形动词。故选B。 2. If we_ a table in advance, we wouldnt
30、 be standing here in the long queue.A. reserveB. reservedC. have reservedD. had reserved【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我们事先预定了一张桌子,我们就不会站在这长长的队伍里了。根据句意可知,从句是对过去的虚拟,与过去事实相反,所以从句中应使用过去完成时;主句与现在事实相反,使用would/ could/ might/ should do结果。故选D。3. Instead of making choices for their children, liberal parents usually sa
31、y, “Go where you _ .”A. willB. shouldC. canD.must【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。句意:开明的父母通常会说:“去你想去的地方吧”,而不是替他们的孩子做选择。A. will愿意,意志;B. should应该;C. can能够;D. must必须。故选A。4. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ at once.A. should be; be operated onB. were; must be operated onC. b
32、e; was operated onD. was; be operated on【答案】D【解析】考查insist的用法。句意为:医院里所有的医生都坚持认为他伤情很严重并坚决主张他必须马上做手术。Insist表示“坚持说、坚持认为”之意时,后面的从句使用陈述语气,表示“坚决主张、坚决要求” 之意时,后面的从句使用(should)do的虚拟语气。Part 3强化集训【真题模测】一单句语法填空1.【2020全国新课标I改错】I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.2. (20
33、18北京)12. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.3.(2018天津)15. If we _(catch)the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach4. (2018天津)10. I cant find my purse. I_ (could leave)it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.5.(2018北京)1
34、3. They might have found a better hotel if they _(drive) a few more kilometers.6.(2017北京)21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.【答案】1.【答案】to去掉【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意:并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词,后接动词原形,to多余,故将to去掉。2.【答案】can【解析】考查情态动词。在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成
35、严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“客观可能性”,故该空应用情态动词can。3.【答案】had caught 【解析】考查虚拟语气。如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话,现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知,从句表示与过去事实相反,故用had + v-ed。故填had caught。4. 【答案】could have left 【解析】考查情态动词。我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落在超市了,但我不确定。根据句中的时间状语yesterday可知,是对过去事实的推测,故用情态动词+have+done,再根据后句but Im not sure可知,由此推测为不能肯定的推测,
36、故用情态动词could,故填could have left。5.【答案】had driven【解析】考查虚拟语气。如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if _ a few more kilometers是条件句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故填had driven。6.【答案】can 【解析】考查情态动词。Samuel,我班最高的男生,能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书,此处需要一个表示能力的词,故用can。二单项选择1(2020江苏省高考真题)If I
37、hadnt been faced with so many barriers, I _where I am.Awont beBwouldnt have beenCwouldnt beDshouldnt have been2(2020天津高考真题)Jim says we _ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .AmustBcanCneedDShould3(2020天津高考真题)You _ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done
38、his best.AmustBshouldCmustntDshouldnt4(2019天津高考真题)Marys description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I there.Awould beBmight have beenCwould have beenDhad been5.(2019天津高考真题)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time.AaccomplishedBhad accomplishedCwou
39、ld accomplishDwould have accomplished6(2018天津高考真题)(2018天津) I cant find my purse. I_ it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.Ashould leaveBmust have leftCmight leaveDcould have left7(2018天津高考真题)Whats wrong with the door?The key has got stuck in it and _ come out.AshouldntBmustntCneedntDwont8
40、(2018北京高考真题)(2018北京) In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.AneedBshouldCcanDmust9(2016北京高考真题)(2016北京)I love the weekend, because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.AneedntBmustntCwouldntDshouldnt10(2019天津高考真题)The professor warned the students that
41、on no account _ use mobile phones in his class.Ashould theyBthey shouldCdare theyDthey dare11(2019天津高考真题)Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week.Aneed have practisedBmight practiseCmust have practisedDcould practise12(2016天津高考真题)(2016天津) It was really annoying; I _ get ac
42、cess to the data bank you had recommended.AwouldntBcouldntCshouldntDneednt13(2019江苏高考真题)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _ a good time together.AhadBwill haveCwould have hadDhad had14(2015江苏高考真题) It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule.Adid I knowBhave I knownCdo I knowDhad
43、I known15(2018江苏高考真题)(2018江苏)Itsstrangethathe_ havetakenthebookswithouttheownerspermission.AwouldBshouldCcouldDmight16(2017江苏高考真题)(2017江苏) _ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.AIt wereBWere itCIt wasDWas it17(2018江苏高考真题)(2018江苏)There is a good social l
44、ife in the village, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.AhadBwill haveCwould have hadDhave had18(2016浙江高考真题)(2016 浙江)Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005.Ahad not fallenBwould not fallCdid not fallDwould not have
45、 fallen19(2018天津高考真题)Jane wishes that she _ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.AstudiedBhad studiedCwould studyDmight have studied20(2017北京高考真题)If the new safety system _ to use, the accident would never have happened.Ahad been putBwere putCshould be putDwould be put【答案】1【答案
46、】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我没有面对那么多的障碍,我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知,此处是错综时间虚拟语气,根据空后where I am可知,此处是与现在事实相反的假设,主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。2【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里,只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须;B. can能,可以;C. need需要;D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知,Jim许可我们待在他的房子里,即:我们”能,可以”待在他的房
47、子里。故选B。3【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词+ have done。句意:你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟,他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldnt have done指做了本不该做的事,must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测;should have done表示应当做某事而实际上未做;mustnt不和have done连用。故选D。【点睛】must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,指“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句:1. It must have rained last night, for the ground i
48、s wet.昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。should have done意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” shouldnt have done表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意.1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn
49、t have been so harsh on him.看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉。本题是 shouldnt have done的用法。4【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动,以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样。根据句意及句中felt可知,此处描述的是与过去事实相反的情况,应使用过去完成时。故D选项正确。5.【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知,这是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设,其句子结构为:
50、从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选D。6D【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done,再根据后句but Im not sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词could,表示“可能”。故选D。【点睛】情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点:第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词 + have done;如果
51、是对现在事情的推测,才用情态动词+v原形。第二、情态动词的选择。must为肯定推测,表示“一定”,could为不肯定推测,表示“可能”,这样就能选出正确答案。7D【解析】考查情态动词。句意:-门怎么了?-钥匙卡在里面出不来了。A. shouldnt不应该;B. mustnt禁止;C. neednt 不需要;D. wont不会。wont表示拒绝时,其主语有时可以是“物”。故选D项。8C【解析】考查情态动词。句意:在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“客观可能性”,故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。n
52、eed需要;should应该,竟然;must必须,肯定。点睛:can的基本用法:1. (表示能力、功能)能,会;2. (表示推测)可能,可能会;3.(表示允许,请求)可以;4.(表示客观可能性)有时会。9A【解析】考查情态动词。句意:我喜欢周末,因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. neednt不需要;B. mustnt禁止;C. wouldnt不愿;D. shouldnt不应该。根据常识及前一句I love the weekend可知,周六、周日不用早起,故选A。10A【解析】考查部分倒装和情态动词。句意:这位教授警告学生们,在他的课堂上,决不应该使用手机。on no account意为“决不”
53、,否定词放在句首,句子使用部分倒装,排除B、D项;这里表示应该,故选A。11C【解析】考查情态动词。句意:保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测,意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。12B【解析】考查情态动词。句意:这真是令人生气的;我不能进入你推荐的数据库。A. wouldnt不愿意;B. couldnt不能;C. shouldnt不应该;D. neednt不必。故选B。13C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否则,我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文可知,是对过去事情的虚拟,是与过去事实相反的
54、假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选C。14D【解析】考查虚拟倒装句。句意:如果我早知道日程安排,可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟,从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时,可将if省去,同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。【点睛】虚拟语气重要做题原则:根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致,但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另
55、外,当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had,should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if,而将 had, should 或 were提到句首,从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。15B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真奇怪,他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that.”中,其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should可以省略。故选B。点睛:本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible
56、/natural that. 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气,表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情,完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较:It is strange that he had made a mistake.(陈述一个事实:他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。)It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. (虚拟语气,说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。)16B【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。句意:要不是老师们的支持,该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。根据句意可知,表示与过去相反的虚拟语气,虚拟语气中,b
57、e动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had +主语.,故选B。17A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有一次机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。18D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果政府和科学家不共同努力,与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。根据句意可知,使用虚拟语气表示与过去相反的事实,if条件句用had done,省略if,将had提前,主句用would have done表示对
58、过去情况的虚拟,故选D。19B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:Jane真希望她在大学时学的是外贸而不是文学。wish后接宾语从句,从句用虚拟语气,若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词。由“when she was in college”可知,本句表与过去事实相反的假设,所以从句为过去完成时。故选B项。【点睛】动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时;若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词;若表示将来没有把握或不太可
59、能实现的愿望,用would (could)动词原形。分析句子可知,由“when she was in college”可知,本句表与过去事实相反的假设,所以从句为过去完成时。20A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话,这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟,所以从句谓语用had done形式,此外根据句意可知是被动,用被动语态,故A项是正确的。【典题模测】单项选择1-You rang me up at about 10: 00 last night, didnt you?- No. I didnt phone you. It _ someone els
60、e.Acould have beenBcould beCmust beDmust have been2We didnt sleep well last night because of the test. But it turned out to be easy so we _ worried about it.Adidnt need to beBcouldnt have beenCneednt have beenDmustnt have been3Im surprised that he say those impolite words to his deskmateAmustBcanCwi
61、llDshould4Whale breathe through lungs just as we humans do,so they_come up for airAmayBcanCmightDmust5Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.You _have my computer if you take care of it.AshallBmustCneedDshould6-Shall I go and buy two more bottles of beer?-No, Ive got six. That _
62、 be enough for us two.AcanBneedCshouldDhas to7-Did they visit the famous university?-No. They _ it, but they spent too much time shopping.Amust have visitedBcould have visitedCcant have visitedDshouldnt have visited8I knew she was in because I heard the radio, but she didnt open the door. She _ the
63、bell.Amight not hearBmustnt have heardCcouldnt hearDmay not have heard9Linda_go to see Jay Chous performance this weekend, but it all depends on whether she can finish the task before Friday.AmightBmustCneedDcan .10She _ return the book next week. Im not sure.AmayBmustCshouldDwould11He _ be in the r
64、estaurant. His car is just outside it!AcanBcantCmustDmustnt12Now, look at our purchase.We _so much food and drinks now that Emily wont be with us for dinner.Aneednt have boughtBmight have boughtCcould have boughtDought to have bought13Someone_my umbrella.I found it wet.Ashould have usedBcant have us
65、edCmust have usedDcould have used14You cant imagine that a well behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady.AmightBneedCshouldDwould15What would you do if the war against COVID-19 again in China?Ais broken outBwill break outCwere to break outDwould break out16- Who would you rather _ your graduation ce
66、remony tomorrow, your parents or friends?- All of them.Awill have attendedBhave attendedCattendDattended17“If I hadnt practiced when I was younger,” the musician says, “I _able to play so well now.”Awouldnt beBwont beCwouldnt have beenDcouldnt have been18Frankly, Id rather you _anything about it for
67、 the time being.Anot doBdont doCdidnt doDwill not do19The insects would eat out all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if _for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.Ait is notBit were notCwere it notDthey were not20Supposing this ship _,do you think there would be enough life jacket
68、s for all the passengers?Awas sinkingBhas sunkCwere to sinkDsinks【答案】1D【详解】考查情态动词。句意:你昨晚10点左右给我打电话了,是吗?不,我没有给你打电话。一定是其他人打的。根据句子时态可知,设空出表示对过去发生的事情的推测;“我”没有打电话,因此猜测一定是其他人打的,所以设空处表示肯定推测。表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测用“must+have+done”结构,故选D。2C【详解】考查情态动词与虚拟语气。句意:因为考试的关系,我们昨晚没睡好。但结果证明它很容易,所以我们本不必担心它。根据turned out可知,事情发生在
69、过去,再结语境可知,此处应用“情态动词+现在完成时”表示对过去事实的相反假设,排除A。couldnt不可能,表示强烈的否定语气;neednt不需要、不必;mustnt不许、严禁。结合句意可知,neednt have done“本不必做某事(而做了)”符合题意。故选C项。3D【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我很惊讶他竟然对同桌说那些不礼貌的话。Amust必须;B can能够;Cwill将会;Dshould应该,竟然。根据句意和surprised可知这里表示惊讶,用should,表示说话人的语气和情态(如:需要、可能、意愿、意外和怀疑等),和动词原形一起构成谓语。故选D。4D【详解】考查情态动词词义辨
70、析。句意:鲸通过肺呼吸,就跟我们人类一样,所以它们必须浮上水面呼吸空气。A. may可以,也许;B. can可以(有能力),可能;C. might也许,语气较弱;D. must必须,一定。根据语境,鲸由于用肺呼吸,它一定要浮出水面,没有其它可能,故选D。5A【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意:不好意思,我想用你的电脑打一份报告。如果你爱护我的电脑,就可以使用它。A选项shall用于第二、三人称时,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁,此处表允诺,也就是如果可以好好对待电脑,说话者就允许使用电脑,符合句意,正确;B选项must表示义务,意为“必须”(主观意志),代入句中意为“如果你爱护我的电脑,
71、你必须使用我的电脑”,此处应该是表允许,并非是强制使用电脑,错误;C选项need用作情态动词时,意思为“需要”,通常只用于否定句、疑问句以及if或whether之后,一般不用于肯定句中,并且该句话想表达的是如果满足条件允许使用电脑,并非是需要电脑,逻辑不通,排除;D选项should表义务,意为“应该,宜做某件事”,可用于各种人称,代入句中表示“如果你爱护我的电话,就应该使用它”,该句话是说话人在表达使用电脑的条件,满足条件说话人就允许使用电脑,不涉及是否应该,是否宜做,排除。所以正确答案为A。故选A。6C【详解】考查情态动词。句意:-我再去买两瓶啤酒好吗?-不,我买了六瓶。我们俩应该够了。分析
72、题意,情态动词should可以表示推测上的“按说应该”。根据前句“不,我买了六瓶。”可知,后句应该表示“应该够了”。should符合题意,故选C项。7B【详解】考查情态动词。句意:他们参观了那所著名的大学吗?不,他们本来可以去的,但他们花了太多时间来购物。A. must have visited过去一定参观了;B. could have visited本能做某事(实际上未做);C. cant have visited不可能参观了;D. shouldnt have visited本不应该参观,但实际参观了。根据but they spent too much time shopping.可知,空处
73、需用could have visited,表示他们本来可以参观那所著名的大学。故选B。8D【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我知道她在里面,因为我听到了收音机的声音,但她没有开门。她可能没有听到铃声。根据前一句谓语动词knew可知,空处表示对过去情况的推测需用情态动词+have done,排除选项A和C,;mustnt have heard是错误的表达,根据句意可知,空处需用may have done表示过去也许做过某事,may not have done表示过去也许没有做某事。故选D。9A【详解】考查情态动词。句意:琳达这周末可能会去看周杰伦的演出,但这完全取决于她能否在周五前完成任务。分析题意,
74、根据后句的“这完全取决于她能否在周五前完成任务”可知,此处表示的可能性比较大。A项might表示猜测,常用语肯定句中译为“可能”;B项must也可用表示肯定猜测表示一定会发生,此处不符合题意;C项need译为“需要”;D项表示猜测时常用于否定猜测中。综合分析,故选A项。10A【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:她可能下周归还书。我不确定。A. may可能;B. must必须;C. should应该;D. would会。根据“Im not sure.”可知,此处是表不太确定的推测,应用may“可能”。故选A。11C【详解】考查情态动词。句意:他一定在餐厅里。他的车就在外面!根据句意可知,本题考查情态
75、动词表示“推测”的用法。情态动词can表示推测,一般用在否定句中,cant意为“不可能”;情态动词must表示推测,一般用在肯定句中,must意为“必定,必然”,选项中mustnt意为“禁止,不允许”,can意为“可能”。根据句中“His car is just outside it!”可知,他的车就在外面,所以这里是情态动词表示肯定推测,他“一定”在餐厅里,故应用must。故选C项。12A【详解】考查“情态动词+have done”结构。句意:现在,看看我们买的东西。我们本来没有必要买那么多食物和饮料,因为爱米丽不来和我们一起吃晚饭了。A. neednt have bought本来没有必要买
76、,但实际上买了;B. might have bought可能买过;C. could have bought本来能买的(却没买成);D. ought to have bought过去本应该买,却未买。根据上文“Now, look at our purchase.”以及后文“now that Emily wont be with us for dinner”可知此处表示“本来没有必要做某事,但实际上做了”应用neednt have done,故选A。13C【详解】考查情态动词。句意:肯定有人用了我的伞。我发现它是湿的。must表示“肯定、一定”,根据后一句句意可知,第一句是对过去动作的肯定猜测,用
77、must have done,故选C。14C【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意: 你无法想象一个行为良好的绅士会对一位女士如此粗鲁A. might可能;B. need需要 ;C. should竟然; D. would会。由You cant imagine that a well behaved gentleman. 可知,should“竟然”符合句意。故选项C项。15C【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果中国再次爆发抗新冠肺炎战争,你会怎么做?此句是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,主句中用would+动词原形,if从句中用were to+动词原形,break out“爆发,发生”没有被动语态。故选C。16D
78、【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:你宁愿谁明天来参加你的毕业典礼,父母还是朋友?都来。would rather后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气,与现在和将来事实相反的情况用一般过去时,与过去事实相反的情况用过去完成时;根据tomorrow可知此处表与将来事实相反的情况,应用一般过去时。故选D。17A【详解】考查错综时间的虚拟语气。句意:音乐家说:“如果我年轻时没有练习,我现在就不能弹得这么好了。”根据句子“If I hadnt practiced when I was younger”可知,从句是对过去事实进行了虚拟,又根据主句中的时间状语now可知,本句是错综时间的虚拟语气,主句是对现在事实的虚拟,所以要
79、用would/could/should/might+ do这一结构。故选A。18C【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:坦白说,我希望你暂时什么都不要做。would rather后接句子时,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,本句中需要用一般过去时表现现在或将来的愿望。动词do的否定过去式为didnt do,故选C项。19B【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是有吃昆虫的动物保护我们,昆虫会吞食我们的全部庄稼,杀死我们成群的牛羊。根据would eat可知,句子是对现在的虚拟语气。故选B。20C【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:假如这艘船将要沉没,你认为会有足够的救生衣供所有乘客穿吗?根据连词supposing(假如)可知,本句考查虚拟语气。根据句意以及主句的would be可知,句子是对将来事实的虚拟。所以对将来事实进行虚拟的从句要使用should do/did/were to do这一结构。故此题选C。