1、语法专项提升语法专题十一 情态动词和虚拟语气英语2022高 中 总 复 习 优 化 设 计GAO ZHONG ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI内 容 索 引核心考点分层突破专项训练巩固提升核心考点分层突破高考链接1.(2020天津,单项填空)Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.2.(2019天津,单项填空)The professor warned the students that on no account they use mobile phones in his clas
2、s.can句意:吉姆说我们可以待在他的房子里,只要我们让房子保持干净整洁。根据句意可知填can。should句意:教授警告学生们在任何情况下都不能在他的课上使用手机。on noaccount置于句首时引起部分倒装。warn后的从句中要使用虚拟语气:should+动词原形。3.(2019江苏,单项填空)What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,or we(have)a good time together.4.(2018江苏,单项填空)There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I(have)a
3、second chance to become more involved.would have had句意:太遗憾了!你错过了观光,否则我们会一起玩得很愉快。并列连词or前面用一般过去时表示真实的情况,or后面是虚拟语气,所以谓语动词使用“would have+过去分词”。had句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,我希望我还有机会去更多地融入这样的生活。wish后面引导的宾语从句常用虚拟语气,表示对现在情况的虚拟,从句谓语动词用一般过去式。5.(2018北京,单项填空)They might have found a better hotel if they(drive)a few more k
4、ilometers.6.(2018天津,单项填空)If we(catch)the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.had driven 句意:如果他们多开几千米的话,他们也许会找到一家更好的旅馆。由“They might have found a better hotel”可知,该句是表示对过去情况的虚拟,所以从句中的谓语要用“had+过去分词”。had caught 句意:如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班的话,现在我们就在沙滩上享受我们的假期了。根据时间状语yesterday可知,从句应用与过去事实
5、相反的虚拟语气,故填had caught。考点归纳情态动词考点一 can与could1.can/could表示能力,但could主要指过去的能力。表示“过去有能力做成某事”时通常用was/were able to。The little boy can speak two foreign languages.这个小男孩会讲两种外语。Could the girl read before she went to school?这个女孩上学前识字吗?Everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out.起火的时候每个人都能逃生。2.can/could表
6、示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上,并不涉及此事真的发生),常译为“往往会,有时候可能会”,常用于肯定句中。Although you can find bargains in London,its not generally a cheap place to shop.虽然你有可能在伦敦买到便宜的东西,但通常而言这不是个买便宜东西的地方。3.can/could表示请求和允许。在问句中could语气比can要委婉。Could I have a word with you?It wont take long.我能和你说句话吗?不会占用你很长时间。You can go back home now.你现在可
7、以回家了。4.can/could表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度,主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。How can you be so careless?你怎么能这么粗心?5.can/could表示推测,常用于否定句和疑问句中,语气较强。He cant be in the classroom;the light is not on.他不可能在教室里;灯没亮。Why are your eyes so red?You couldnt have slept well last night.你的眼睛为什么这么红?你昨天晚上一定没有睡好。My favourite book is missing.Who co
8、uld have taken it?我最喜欢的书丢了,谁可能会把它拿走呢?6.cannot/can never.too/enough.表示“再也不为过”。You can never be too careful when driving a car.开车的时候你再怎么小心都不为过。7.cannot but do sth/cannot help but do sth/cannot choose but do sth表示“不得不/只好做某事”。You cannot choose but go with me.你只能跟我走。考点二 shall1.shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示命令、法律、
9、许诺、警告、强制、决心等。You shall do as your father says.你要按照你父亲说的那样做。One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.我们规定中的其中一项是:每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。Each party shall respect the articles of this contract.任何一方都要尊重合同的条款。2.shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方指示。Shall the man standing ou
10、tside have a try?站在门外的那个人可以试试吗?考点三 must1.must表示主观上的“必须,应该”,其否定形式mustnt表示禁止。另外,have to表示客观上的“不得不”,可用于各种时态。以must开头的问句,其否定回答用neednt或dont have to。Must I clean the dining room at once?No,you neednt./No,you dont have to.我必须马上打扫餐厅吗?不,你不必。Students mustnt play with mobile phones in class.学生在课上不准玩手机。I had los
11、t my key,so I had to wait outside the door.我丢了钥匙,所以不得不在门外等。2.must表示“非要,偏要”,表达出说话者的一种不满情绪。Can I smoke here?No.Go to the smoking section,if you must.我能在这里抽烟吗?不能,如果你非要抽烟的话,就去吸烟区吧。Why must you be talking so loudly when others are sleeping?别人都在睡觉,为什么你偏要这么大声说话?3.must表示对具体事情的推测,意为“一定,肯定”,语气较强,只用于肯定句中。Since
12、 nobody gave him any help,he must have done the research on his own.既然没有人给他任何帮助,那他一定是独自完成的这项研究。考点四 should与ought to1.should/ought to表示义务,意为“应该”,用于各种人称。ought to的语气比should强烈。Parents should/ought to take good care of their children.父母应该照看好他们的孩子。2.should表示推测,意为“可能,(按道理)应该”,多指对未来合乎理想的情况或结果的一种期盼。Its nearly
13、 8 oclock.He should be here at the moment.快八点钟了。此刻他应该在这儿了。3.should表示惊讶、意外等,意为“竟然,居然”。I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to you.他竟然对你这样无礼,真叫我吃惊。4.用在if条件句中,should表示可能性很小的一种虚拟语气。If I should see him,I would tell him the news.如果我见到他,我就告诉他这个消息。考点五 will与would1.will/would表示意愿,用于各种人称的陈述句中。would常
14、指过去的意愿。If you will read the book,Ill give it to you.如果你愿意读这本书,我就给你。2.will/would用在疑问句中表示请求、建议,常用于第二人称。would语气较委婉。Will you please close the window?请你关上窗户好吗?3.will/would表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,意为“总是”。would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,后面接表示动作的动词,不能接表示状态的词。used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已不存在。The door wouldnt open,no matter how hard
15、 she pushed.无论她怎么用力推,这扇门就是打不开。I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take me to the park at weekends.我仍然记得快乐的童年,那时妈妈经常在周末带我去公园。考点六 may与might1.may/might表示请求、允许和许可,might比may语气委婉。You may use my bike.你可以用我的自行车。2.may/might表示推测,常用于陈述句中,语气比较弱,把握性不大。might语气比may还要弱。We might be going to Spai
16、n on holiday this year.今年我们或许会去西班牙度假。3.may/might as well+动词原形,意为“最好,倒不如”。You may/might as well do it at once.你最好立刻开始做。4.may well+动词原形,意为“完全能,很可能”。He may well be late for class.他上课很可能迟到。5.may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿。May you return in safety.祝你安全归来。考点七 need 与dare1.两者都可以用作情态动词和实义动词。当用作情态动词时,后面要接动词原形,通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句
17、中;用作实义动词时,有人称和数的变化,构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do,does,did。dare作为实义动词,用于否定句和疑问句时,常省略后面的to。Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we neednt bring anything else with us?我已经为野餐准备了各种各样的食物。你的意思是我们不必带其他任何东西了?The little girl didnt dare(to)go out at night alone.这个小女孩晚上不敢独自外出。2.need用作实义动词时,若主语为动作的承受者
18、,用谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义或用不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing.=The house needs to be repaired.这个房子需要维修。3.I dare say为习惯说法,意为“我想,大概”。I dare say she dare not speak to her father in this manner.我想她不敢用这种方式跟她父亲说话。考点八 情态动词表推测1.can,may,must皆可用来表示推测。(1)在肯定句中can,may和must都可以用来表示可能性。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示不太肯定的可能性,而can表示理论
19、上的可能性。(2)在否定句中只能用cannot/cant和may not。cant(不可能)语气比may not(可能不,也许不)更强。(3)在疑问句中只能用can,不能用may和must。Accidents can happen on such snowy days.Look,there is some debris on the road!An accident must have happened just now.But it cant have beenMike,for I saw him in the school.这样的下雪天可能会发生事故。看,公路上有些碎片!刚才一定发生事故了
20、。但肯定不是迈克,因为我看见他在学校里。2.should 与ought to 可以表示对未来情况的一种期盼,常译为“按理应当”。He should/ought to be here on timehe started early.他按理应该能按时到达这儿他很早就出发了。考点九 情态动词+have done1.could have done的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定,其中couldnt have done 多表示语气强烈的否定,意为“过去不可能做过”。could have done在肯定句中表示“本来能做但却没做”。The accident could have bee
21、n avoided;the driver couldnt have sloweddown.这起事故本来是可以避免的,司机肯定没减速。2.may/might have done 表示对过去行为的推测,意为“可能做过”。might 所表示的可能性比较弱,此外might have done 还可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”,含有轻微的责备语气。You might have given him more help,though you were busy with your work.你本来可以给他更多的帮助,尽管你工作很忙。3.must have done 表示对过去行为的推测,意为“一定做过”,语
22、气十分肯定。It must have rained last night,as the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面是湿的。4.should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时,表示“本该做某事而实际上未做”;用于否定句时,则表示“不该做某事反而做了”。Sorry,Mum!I failed the job interview again.Oh,its too bad.You should have made full preparations.对不起,妈妈!我这次工作面试又失败了。噢,太糟糕了。你本来应该做充分准备的。5.neednt have done
23、表示“本来不必做某事而实际上却做了”。I actually neednt have bought so much foodonly three people came.我实际上不必买这么多食物只有三个人来了。6.had better have done 用于事后的建议,含轻微责备的语气,意为“当时最好做了某事”。I had better have started earlier.我要是早点起程就好了。7.would rather have done sth表示“宁愿当时做某事”,其否定形式would rather not have done sth表达相反的含义,两者都含有“后悔”之意。I w
24、ould rather have taken his advice.我宁愿当时接受了他的建议。8.would like/love to have done sth表示“过去愿意做某事但未做成”。I would love to have gone to the party last night,but I had to work extra hours to finish my report.我昨天晚上本想去参加聚会,但我不得不加班写完报告。虚拟语气考点一 虚拟语气用于条件句中1.表示与现在事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语动词用过去式(be的过去式用were);主句中谓语用“would/should
25、/could/might+动词原形”。We would be back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.如果你没丢失地图的话,我们现在就回到旅馆了。2.表示与过去事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语用“had+过去分词”;主句中谓语用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。If Mr Dewey had been present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.如果杜威先生在场的话,他会给那里的人们尽可能地提供帮助。
26、3.表示与将来事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语用过去式,“should+动词原形”或“were to+动词原形”;主句中谓语用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she were tolive/should live/lived there,she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.格雷丝不想搬到纽约去,因为她认为如果她住在那儿的话,就不能经常见到她的父母了。4.含蓄条件句有时候假设的情况不以i
27、f引导的条件句形式表现出来,而是通过介词短语、连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有:without,with,but for,otherwise,or,but等。Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway wouldnt have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.如果没有战时的经历,海明威就不会写出他的著名小说永别了,武器。But for your advice,I could not have done it so successfully.要是没有你的建议,我就不会这么成功。I was so b
28、usy then;otherwise,I would have gone to help him.那时我太忙了,否则我就去帮他了。They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation,or they would have come to our help.我们开展这项调查的几个月期间他们在国外,否则他们会来帮助我们的。5.错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,这种句子就是“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据主句和从句所表示的时间做出相应的调整
29、。If we had booked a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.如果我们早点儿预订一张桌子,我们就不用站在这儿排队了。(从句说的是过去的情况,主句说的是现在的情况)6.省略if的虚拟语气如果if从句中含有were/should/had时,则可以省略if,把这三个词置于句首,采用倒装语序。If I were you,I would go to the party.Were I you,I would go to the party.如果我是你,我会去参加聚会。If it should happen,what wou
30、ld you do?Should it happen,what wouldyou do?如果那件事真的发生了,你会做什么?If you had come earlier,you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier,you would catch the bus.如果你早点来的话,你就赶上那辆公交车了。考点二 wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法在wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句中通常用虚拟语气。从句中谓语的构成形式为:1.表示对现在情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)。Do you l
31、ike the school?Yeah.I only wish the classes were a little smaller.你喜欢这个学校吗?是的。我只希望班级小一些。2.表示对过去情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词常用“had+过去分词”。I wish I had been at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.我真希望自己上个星期二能参加姐姐的婚礼,可是我当时正在纽约出差。3.表示对将来的主观愿望,从句中谓语动词常用“would/could/might+动词原形”。I
32、 wish it would be fine tomorrow.我希望明天有个好天气。考点三 谓语必须用“(should+)动词原形”的情况1.表示“建议,要求,命令”的动词:一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建议(suggest,recommend,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)后面的宾语从句或由it做形式主语的主语从句中的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”。这些动词相应的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语也要用“(should+)动词原形”。The teacher ordered that the home
33、work(should)be handed in on time.老师要求按时上交作业。My mum suggests that we(should)eat out for a change this weekend.我妈妈建议本周末我们出去吃饭换换口味。注意suggest当“表明,暗示”讲时,不用虚拟语气;insist 当“坚持认为”讲时,不用虚拟语气。The smile on his face suggested he was happy.他脸上的笑容表明他很开心。The boy insisted he hadnt stolen the money.那个男孩坚持说他没有偷钱。2.在表示情绪
34、、观点等的句型“It is important/strange/natural/necessary/a pity/a shame等+that从句”中,主语从句中的谓语用“(should+)动词原形”。It is a pity that he(should)refuse to accept the offer.遗憾的是他拒绝接受那个提议。考点四 虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用1.在as if/as though引导的状语从句中,谓语有时用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在事实相反时,从句中的谓语动词用过去式;表示与过去事实相反时,从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。He talks as if he k
35、new all about it.他谈论起来好像他知道一切一样。2.在句型“It is(high)time that.”中也用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词常用过去式,表示“是时候做了”,含“建议”的意味。Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he did something instead of just talking.杰克是个空谈家。到了他做点事而不是夸夸其谈的时候了。3.would rather后接从句时要用虚拟语气。具体情况如下:当从句表示与现在或将来事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式。当从句表示与过去事实相反时,从句谓语动词用“had+过去分词”
36、。I would rather our daughter stayed at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.我宁愿女儿和我们一起待在家里,但这是她的选择,而且她不再是个孩子了。Id rather you hadnt told Mike the bad news.我宁愿你没有告诉迈克那个坏消息。4.if only意为“要是就好了”。当其表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用过去式;表示与过去事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。If only I had passe
37、d the driving test last week!要是我通过了上周的驾驶考试就好了!专项训练巩固提升.单句语法填空1.(2019北京朝阳统考)If youre planning to get away from it all this year,you think passport first.2.(2018浙江杭州地区七校模拟)When you phoned me,I was having a meeting.How I wish I(answer)your call!should/must 句意:如果你打算在今年摆脱这一切,你首先要考虑的是护照。根据句意可知,此处可填should或
38、must。had answered 句意:当你给我打电话的时候,我正在开会。我多么希望我接了你的电话!wish后的从句中用虚拟语气,根据句意可知,此处是对过去情况的虚拟,所以谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。3.So if I(have)another chance to travel to China,I would never hesitate to visit the Great Wall again!4.According to our teacher,all of our compositions be written in ink.He wont accept papers writ
39、ten in pencil.had 句意:因此如果我再有机会去中国旅行的话,我会毫不犹豫再去参观长城的!根据语境可知,此处表示对将来情况的假设,故应填had。must 根据下句可知,老师不让用铅笔写作文,故此处应用must,意为“必须”。5.Try to speak slowly when you give your speech.If you dont,some of your words be misunderstood.may 根据句意可知,在演讲的时候,如果你不说得慢一点,就有可能被误解。此处只是一种推测,存在不确定性,故用may表示“也许,可能”。6.If I hadnt lost
40、my cell phone,I(contact)you yesterday.would have contacted根据句中的yesterday可知,此处表示对过去情况的虚拟,故主句的谓语动词应用would have contacted。7.When I stopped talking,Jim finished my sentence for me as though he(read)my mind.8.If I(know)you were coming,I would have prepared lunch.had read该句为as though引导的状语从句,从句与过去事实相反,故谓语动
41、词用“had+过去分词”。had known根据主句的谓语would have prepared可知,此处表示对过去情况的虚拟,所以条件句用“had+过去分词”。9.If I were you,I(go)to the beach instead of going to work.10.But for the kind lady,I(wander)in the street now.would go 分析语境可知,此处应用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。因此用would go。would be wandering but for表示“要是没有”,句子用虚拟语气。根据“now”可知,此处表示对现在情况的
42、虚拟,且为现在进行时,故此处应填would be wandering。11.Samuel,the tallest boy in our class,easily reach the books on the top shelf.can 句意:塞缪尔是我们班最高的男生,他很轻松就能够到书架顶层上的书。表示能力,应用can。12.I was wearing a seat belt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I _(injure).would havebeen injured 句意:我系着安全带。如果我没系着安全带,我可能就受伤了。由第一句可知本题谈论的是过去的事情。对
43、过去的事情进行虚拟时,if条件句用“had+过去分词”,主句用“would have+过去分词”。.完成句子1.Now that you have got the chance,_(你不妨好好利用它).2.I suggest that(我们告诉他们)we want them to trust us as much as wed like to trust them.3.How I wish(我已经通过了地理考试)!4.The upset mother thought to herself,“_(要是我知道此时此刻我儿子在想什么就好了).”5.My friend recommends that
44、_(当我去北京的时候应该参观颐和园).you may/might as well make good use of it we(should)tell them I had passed the geography examination If only I knew what my son wasthinking about I(should)pay a visit to the Summer Palacewhen I go to Beijing 6.He shouted to me at the top of his voice(好像我是聋子一样).7.My mother would ra
45、ther(我找一份压力不那么大的工作).8.(要不是他及时的帮助),I wouldnt have achieved my goal.9.He never kept his promise,otherwise _(我不会跟他分手的).10.(如果你采取了及时的措施)at that time,you might have avoided such great loss.as if I were deaf I took up a less stressful job But for his timely help I wouldnt have broken up with him If you had taken timely action
