1、非谓语动词作宾语、状语和宾语补足语观察例句The building being built is a new shopping mall.Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time spent with his students.A 13year study of early childhood development made by Harvard University has shown that，by the age of three，most children have the big potential to under
2、stand about 1，000 words.Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the year 15031506，the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save their valuable time.The national park has a large collection of wildlife，ranging from butterflies to el
3、ephants.Its wrong to leave the computer working.The old man found his hometown much changed.We hurriedly ended the meeting，leaving many problems to be settled.1句中，黑体部分在句中作定语。2句中黑体部分在句中作状语。3句中黑体部分在句中作宾语补足语。归纳用法1不定式、动名词和分词作定语(1)通常不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，所修饰的词与之在逻辑上存在动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系。He is a pleasant fellow to w
4、ork with.他是个很好共事的人。The man to come to our assistance is Mike.要来帮助我们的人是迈克。(2)动名词作前置定语，用来说明该名词的性质、用途，可替换成for短语。a swimming poola pool for swimming(动名词)(3)分词作定语现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含义；现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。falling leaves正在飘落的叶子fallen leaves落叶China is a developing country，not a developed country.中
5、国是一个发展中国家，而不是一个发达国家。名师点津 动名词作定语通常表示用途reading room阅览室operating table手术台swimming pool游泳池singing competition歌咏比赛drinking water饮用水即学即练1单句语法填空Have you got anything to say(say) at the meeting?The car repaired(repair) yesterday by him is my mothers.The man standing(stand) at the gate is my English teacher.
6、The ability to express(express)an idea is as important as the idea itself.I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train to catch(catch)There are a lot of swimming(swim) pools in the city.2非谓语动词作状语的用法区别(1)动词不定式通常作目的、原因、结果状语等。In order to arrive there on time，I got up early.为了按时到达那里
7、，我很早就起床了。Hes old enough to go to school himself.他年龄够大了，可以自己去上学了。She was so angry as to be unable to speak.她气得连话都说不出来。Jack hurried to the booking office，only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.杰克匆忙赶到售票处，结果被告知所有的票都被卖完了。(不定式only to be told在句中作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果)I am glad to hear the news.听到这
8、个消息我很高兴。(不定式短语to hear the news在句中作原因状语，通常位于句末)(2)动词ing形式(现在分词)和动词ed形式(过去分词)在句中通常作原因、时间、伴随、条件、结果、让步状语等。主语与动词ing形式(现在分词)在逻辑上存在主谓关系，主语与动词ed形式(过去分词)在逻辑上存在动宾关系。Seeing the teacher，he ran into the classroom.看见老师，他跑进了教室。Surrounded by a group of pupils，the old teacher walked into the classroom.在一群学生的簇拥下，那位老教
9、师走进了教室。Being Party members，we should take the lead in everything.作为党员，凡事我们都应该起带头作用。名师点津动词ing形式一般表示句子主语的动作，但作句子状语、说明说话人的看法时，则情况不是这样。Judging by the direction of the wind，it wont rain today.根据风向判断，今天不会下雨。Generally speaking，the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.一般说来，照相机越贵，质量就越好。即学即练2单句语法填
10、空/句型转换The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing(allow) more patients to be treated.Absorbed(absorb) in painting，John didnt notice evening approaching.If accepted(accept) for the job，youll be informed soon.After he had watered the garden，he began to mow the lawn.Having watered
11、 the garden，he began to mow the lawn.When they are heated，metals expand.Heated，metals expand.She awoke，so that she found herself lost in the forest.She awoke，only to find herself lost in the forest.3不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补足语动词不定式作补足语表示动作的全过程；现在分词表示正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义。We watched her crossing the street.(动作
12、正在进行)我们看着她走过大街。I watched my sister cross the bridge.(动作已经完成)我看着妹妹过了桥。I heard my name called.(动作完成且表示被动)我听见有人叫我。巧学助记 (1)下面的动词要用不定式作宾补：动词宾语动词不定式：劝教命请叫(advise/suggest/recommend，teach，order，command，ask，tell)；允许又警告(allow，permit，warn)；使役表意向(cause，let，have，make，lead，set，leave，get，wish，want，expect)；知觉动词妙(fe
13、el，hear，watch，see，observe，notice)。(2)下面的动词(短语)后可跟分词作宾语补足语：see，watch，hear，feel，find，get，keep，notice，observe，listen to，look at，leave，catch等。He kept the car waiting at the gate.他把小汽车停在门口。名师点津感官动词后面出现了动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中必须省略不定式符号to，但在变为被动结构时(watch，notice除外)，省略的to则必须加上。即学即练3完成句子I couldnt make myself heard
14、 above the noise of the traffic.车辆噪音很大，我无法让人听到我的声音。I saw him take your dictionary away我看到他把你的词典拿走了。I saw him going upstairs我看见他正在上楼。He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.他让灯亮了一整夜，这使他父母很生气。.单句语法填空1The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，making(make) air condi
15、tioning unnecessary.2I find some students in this school often punished(punish) by the teachers.3Having lived(live) in London for years，I almost know every place quite well.4Having experienced many failures，I have the courage to meet(meet) all challenges.5There are a lot of people standing(stand) in
16、 line waiting for the bus.6The committee permitted us to go(go) ahead with our building plan.7He ran to the station，only to find(find) the bus had left.8Caught(catch) in a heavy rain，he was wet to the skin.9The man made all the workers work(work) fifteen hours a day.10She tried to make herself under
17、stood(understand) in English.11When I entered the room，I saw him seated(seat) at the back of the room.12Left(leave) alone in a dark room，the little girl was so frightened at the frightening sound.13I found it astonishing(astonish) that none of you liked the film.14He stood up and went out of the roo
18、m，saying(say) nothing.15Though told(tell) many times，he always forgot how to run the machine.短文语法填空Research has become both simpler and more complex.Its simpler because，if you have a computer，you can find information you need by 1.searching(search)the Internet.For all your information，you dont have
19、to go to the library 2.to find(find)the relevant resource and 3.take(take)notes on it.Instead，you can find some sources from the Internet and print the copies 4.needed(need)Remember，however，that you should usually consult different types of sources.That is，you shouldnt always rely just on the Intern
20、et for your research.While 5.finding(find)information is easier than ever，at the same time，6.researching(research)has become more complex.There is a lot more material available，which means you may be 7.overwhelmed(overwhelm)with the amount of information.You need to learn how 8.to sort(sort)through and 9.find(find)the relevant information for your particular project.Also，you need 10.to check(check)
