1、Section Learning_about_Language.高频单词点击1n小包；包裹2n悬崖；峭壁3n远征；探险(队)adj.远征的；探险的4adj.必须做的；必修的5n改革；革新parcelcliffexpeditionexpeditionarycompulsoryreform.重点短语必记1far away 远离2next 仅邻着3be to do sth.决定做某事4set 出发；动身5so as 为了(做)6owing 由于7be recognized 被认定为fromtodeterminedouttotoas.常用句型必备1，it shook itself and threw
2、Samuel in the approximate direction of the nest.2 but then he noticed lots of seaweed on his left and quickly hid under it.3He had an outstanding ability in navigation and exploration，a real concern for sailors health.单元语法聚焦The Predicate(谓语动词)Once thereThere seemed to be nowhere to hidenot onlybut a
3、lso1compulsory adj.必须做的；必修的；被强迫的，义务的Is English a compulsory subject?英语是必修科目吗？Education is compulsory in Britain.在英国实行义务教育。compulsory adj.强制的反义词 optional adj.可任选的It is compulsory for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是必须的Chinese is a compulsory subject on this course;art is optional.这个课程里，汉语是必修科目，美术是选修科目。Accordin
4、g to the rules and regulations of our school,it is compulsory for us students to live in the dormitories of our school.根据学校的规章制度，我们学生必须住在学校的宿舍里。即境活用1 完成句子(1)(教育是义务)for all children in many countries.(2)It is (对我们来说系安全带是必须的)while driving.Education is compulsorycompulsory for us to fasten the safety b
5、elt2reform(1)n.改革；革新His speech stressed the importance of educational reform.他的演讲强调了教育改革的重要性。I read about your reform of the school English newspaper,and thats why Im writing to voice my opinion.我获悉了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是我写信发表观点的原因。(2)vt.&vi.改革；革新I must work and reform myself.我得下功夫改造自己。即境活用2 完成句子(1)这场胜利给了我
6、们一个革新的机会。Our victory has given us a chance.(2)很多人支持这次改革。Many are.to reformfor/in favour of the reform1be determined to do“决定/心做某事”，为系表结构，着重于有决心的状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。He is determined to become a teacher.他决心当一名教师。I am determined to do better than Mike.我决心比迈克做得更好。determine to do/that.动作决定He determined to s
7、et out early.他决定早点动身。即境活用3 用所给词的适当形式填空(1)He started working hard at his lessons，(determine)to get the first place.(2)He said he determined (leave)at once.determinedto leave2set out 出发，动身They set out on the last stage of their journey.他们动身踏上最后一段行程。set out to do sth.开始做某事set about doing sth.开始做某事She s
8、ets out to break the world record.她一心努力打破世界纪录。He set about helping homeless women and children to places of safety.他着手帮助把无家可归的妇女和儿童送到安全的地区。即境活用4 用set相关短语填空(1)That evening she writing the report and finish it within three hours.(2)He will on a pleasant journey tomorrow morning.set aboutset out3so as
9、to 为了He got up early so as to catch the early bus.他早起床是为了赶上早班车。so as to,in order to(1)两者均为动词不定式作目的状语时的特殊结构。so as to不能位于句首；in order to 既可位于句首，也可位于句中或句末。(2)两者均可扩展为结果状语从句，即 so that-从句或 in order that-从句。同样 so that-从句不能位于句首。即境活用5 句型转换We do morning exercises so as to build our body(1)build our body,we do
10、morning exercises.(2)We do morning exercises we could build our body.(3)We do morning exercises we could build our body.In order toso thatin order that4owing to 由于，因为They could not cross the river owing to the flood.由于洪水，他们不能过河。Owing to the immediate danger of war,there will be an extraordinary meet
11、ing of Parliament tonight.由于即将发生的战争危险，今晚议会将召开特别会议。because of 因为(较口语化)due to 因为(较正式)thanks to 因为；多亏了as a result of 因为on account of 由于即境活用6 句型转换Because of his careless driving,we had a bad accident.his careless driving,we had a bad accident.Owing to5be recognized as 被认定为Bell is recognized as the first
12、 person to invent the telephone.贝尔被认定为发明电话的第一人。recognize sb./ones voice/handwriting认出某人/某人的声音/字迹recognize ones mistake 承认某人的错误recognize sb.as/to be.承认某人是I have known him for ten years.But I didnt recognize him just now because he had changed so much.我认识他十年了。但他变化太大了，我刚才没有认出来。即境活用7 完成句子(1)我们很久没见了，所以第一
13、眼没认出你来。We havent seen for a long time,and I at the first sight.(2)那时候还没有把毒品看成严重的问题。Drugs a serious problem then.didnt recognizeyouwere not recognized as1Once there,it shook itself and threw Samuel in the approximate direction of the nest.一旦到了那儿，它就摇动全身并把塞缪尔扔向了约是它窝巢的那个方向。once there 是状语从句 once it was t
14、here 的省略形式。在状语从句中，经常见到这种省略现象。若(时间、条件、地点、让步、方式或比较等)状语从句能够满足以下两个条件，从句就可以使用省略形式：(1)恰当的从属连词。常用的有 when,where,if,once,while,as,as if,though,whenever,than 等；(2)从句主语与主句主语指的是相同的人或物，或者从句的主语是 it，且从句谓语有 be 动词。这时可以省略从句的主语和be 动词，只留下从属连词和表语或分词等。Ill go and pick you up if(it is)necessary.如有必要，我开车去接你。She picked up so
15、me English when(she was)in Washington.在华盛顿时，他学了些英语。The conference went smoothly though(it was)not organized properly.尽管会议组织得不好，却很顺利。When(she was)asked about her families,she began to weep.当问到她的家庭时，她开始抽泣。即境活用8 把下面句子改为省略句(1)If it is so,I hope you will have a wonderful time.,I hope you will have a wond
16、erful time.(2)Although they were faced with many problems,they didnt lose heart.,they didnt lose heart.(3)While we were climbing the mountain,we enjoyed the warm sunshine and the beautiful view.,we enjoyed the warm sunshine and the beautiful view.If soAlthough faced with many problemsWhile climbing
17、the mountain2There seemed to be nowhere to hide but then he noticed lots of seaweed on his left and quickly hid under it.似乎是没有地方可以藏身，但是后来他注意到在他的左边有一些水草并且他迅速地藏在了水草下面。There seems/appears to be.看起来好像有there be 结构中可以加上一些词表示特殊的意义，类似的还有：There must be.一定有There may be.可能有There happens to be.碰巧有There used to
18、be.过去常有There is going to be.将要有There will be.将会有What a pity my new computer doesnt work.There must be something wrong with it.很遗憾，我的新电脑不好用了。它一定是坏了。There happened to be a lot of people by the road helping us pull the car out of the big hole.路边恰好有很多人，他们帮助我们把车从那个大坑里拉了出来。There seems to be something wron
19、g with it.它好像有点儿毛病。注意(1)不能用 has 或 have 代替 there be 句型中的 be。(2)there being 结构在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句，因此主句中就不再用任何连词。There being no bus,we had to walk to school.由于没有公交车了，我们不得不走着去学校。即境活用9 单句改错(1)There has a baby over there.(2)There being no further business,so the chairman closed the meeting.(3)There is report
20、 to be a number of the wounded on both sides.hasis去掉 soreportreported3He had not_only an outstanding ability in navigation and exploration,but_also a real concern for sailors health.他不但有杰出的航海和探险本领，而且真正关心水手的健康。not only.but also“不但而且”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词要和临近的主语在人称和数上保持一致；连接谓语动词时，not 前不可有助动词；连接分句时，若 not only
21、位于句首，not only 分句要用倒装语序。Not only you but also I am responsible for it.不仅你而且我对此也有责任。On the contrary,smart phones not only take up our valuable time,but also do great harm to our health.相反，智能手机不仅占去了我们宝贵的时间，而且对我们的健康造成极大危害。As far as I am concerned,not only will her generosity help those in need realize t
22、heir dreams and rebuild faith in life,but also it will motivate more people to participate in such a good deed.依我看来，她的慷慨不仅能帮助那些处于困境的人实现梦想、重拾生活信心，而且还能激励更多人参加这样的一个善举。即境活用10 完成句子(1)Not only (他们带)snacks and drinks,but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.(2)Not
23、only his parents but also Tom(喜欢玩电脑游戏)did they bringlikes playing computergames谓 语 动 词谓语表述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称和数的变化。1及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词(1)需要跟宾语的动词为及物动词。及物动词后面可以跟单宾语、双宾语或者复合宾语(宾语宾语补足语)。单宾语After that,I regained my enthusiasm for English and spent much more time and energy working on this particu
24、lar subject.在那以后，我重新获得了对英语的热情，并把更多的时间和精力用于这个特别学科的学习上。双宾语Mr.Schell wrote New York Times a letter the other day.几天前 Schell 先生给纽约时报写了一封信。宾语宾语补足语(常用于使役动词、感官动词、介词 with,without,like 以及其他部分动词后面。)Have you found English difficult to speak?你发现英语难说吗？The big pine tree stood there like an umbrella covering the h
25、ouse.耸立在那边的那棵大松树像一把雨伞遮住了房子。(2)不需要跟宾语的动词是不及物动词。In order to keep fit,we should exercise regularly.为了身体健康，我们应该经常锻炼。All the leaves have fallen and winter is coming.所有的树叶都落了，冬天就要到来了。几个不及物动词后加同源名词时变成了及物动词They are living a peaceful life.他们过着平静的生活。He died a heroic death.他死得很英勇。The girl laughed a merry laugh
26、.女孩愉快地笑了。He sighed a deep sigh.他深叹了一口气。许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及物动词Father never smoked or _ all his life.父亲一生从不熏烟酗酒。He _.他喝了太多的咖啡。He _ as fast as he could.他尽快地跑。She _ in the centre of the city.她在市中心开了一家旅馆。drankdrank a good deal of coffeeranran a hotel(3)连系动词虽然本身具有一定意思，但不能独立作谓语，需要带有表语才能构成谓语。They have remained
27、 loyal to the government.他们一直忠诚于政府。The watch is necessary in our daily life,but its function is too simple and dull.手表在我们日常生活中是必要的，但它的功能太简单呆板了。2短语动词(1)动词副词Please put on your coat.请穿上大衣。(2)动词介词The other day I came across a foreigner in the countryside.几天前我在乡下碰见了一个外国人。(3)动词副词介词Please keep up with othe
28、rs.请跟上其他人。3情态动词实义动词In my opinion,we can share information with each other to make a better understanding.依我来看，我们可以信息共享，以便更好地沟通。4主谓一致英语句子中的主语和谓语应在人称和数上保持一致。这被称作主谓一致。它主要遵循三个原则：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和就近一致原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。(1)意义一致原则所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。Three months has passed sin
29、ce you left.(three months 被看作一个时间整体，表示单数概念。)你已离开三个月了。The old are taken very good care of in our city.(the old 指所有的老年人，指一类人，表示复数概念。)在我们城市老年人被照顾得很好。(2)语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。Mr.Black is a well-known scientist on AIDS.布莱克先生是著名的艾滋病科学家。These books are intended f
30、or children under nine years old.这些书是专门为九岁以下的儿童设计的。(3)就近一致原则就近一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。常见的结构有“not only.but also.,neither.nor.,either.or.”等。Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.(根据靠近谓语的主语 he 而定。)他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home accident.(根据靠近谓语的主语 his parents 而定。)不是杰克而是他父母应为这个家庭事故受到责备。课时跟踪检测见课时跟踪检测(五)
