1、Section_Grammar单元语法项目(一)间接引语()语法图解探究发现“Could you lend me a pen？”Peter asked me to lend him a pen.“Dont lose the receipt. Its important.”The salesgirl instructed the shopper not to lose the receipt.“Check for errors, please.”The teacher ordered the class to check for errors.“Why dont you take me for
2、a picnic？” he asked.He advised me to take him for a picnic.He said, “Lets go to the movies.”He suggested that they should go to the movies.“Would you like to see my flat？” she asked.She asked me whether/if I would like to see her flat.She asked me to see her flat.我的发现(1)直接引语为祈使句，变间接引语时把祈使句转换成不定式作宾语补
3、足语，动词用order/ask/instruct/suggest等。如句、句、句。(2)直接引语为委婉祈使句，变间接引语时把委婉祈使句转换成不定式，动词用ask/advise等，如句、句。(3)直接引语为以Lets . 开头的祈使句，变间接引语时，常用“suggest_that_.”句式转换。如句。(4)表示请求的一般疑问句(如句)变为间接引语有两种方式：将直接引语的内容变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句或用ask_sb._to_do_sth.结构。1一般地，转述表示请求的祈使句(如含有please的祈使句或Can/Could you .？句型)时，动词多用ask/beg；转述表示命令的
4、祈使句时，动词多用tell/order。“Can you lend me some money？” he said.He asked me to lend him some money.The captain said to the soldier, “Get it done by two oclock.”The captain ordered the soldier to get it done by two oclock.2否定的祈使句变为间接引语时将not 放在不定式前。“Dont talk，” he said to the students.He told the students n
5、ot to talk.助记祈使句由直接引语变间接引语时的口诀：去掉引号要加to, ask和order须记住；直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。3以let开头的祈使句，常用suggest (that) .转述。He said, “Lets go camping next Saturday.”He suggested that they (should) go camping the next Saturday.4直接引语是表示请求、劝告、建议等意义的疑问句时，变成间接引语用“advise/ask宾语不定式”结构转述。“Would you mind moving your case？” he s
6、aid.He asked me to move my case.He asked me whether/if I minded moving my case.名师点津如果直接引语是表示请求的一般疑问句，变成间接引语除了用上述结构外，还可将直接引语变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。即时演练将直接引语变为间接引语“Dont play football in the street，” mother told the children.Mother_told_the_children_not_to_play_football_in_the_street._“Remember to switch
7、off all the lights，” she said to me.She_told_me_to_remember_to_switch_off_all_the_lights.“Stand where you are！” the police said to the young man.The_police_ordered_the_young_man_to_stand_where_he_was.“Please close the window，” he said to me.He_asked_me_to_close_the_window.Mr. Wang said, “Jim, dont b
8、e late next time.”Mr._Wang_asked_Jim_not_to_be_late_next_time._.句型转换(将直接引语变为间接引语)1The teacher said, “Dont be late for school again, Wang Xia.”The_teacher_told_Wang_Xia_not_to_be_late_for_school_again.2The mother said，“Doctor, please save my daughter.”The_mother_asked_the_doctor_to_save_her_daughter.
9、3“Why dont you take a walk after supper？” he said to me.He_advised_me_to_take_a_walk_after_supper.4“Stay here until tomorrow，” begged my grandma.My_grandma_begged_me_to_stay_there_until_the_next_day.5He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John？”He_asked_John_whether/if_John_could_go_that_afternoon.6
10、“Make sure the door is shut，” said he.He_told_me_to_make_sure_the_door_was_shut.7“Do some shopping for me, please，” he said to her.He_asked_her_to_do_some_shopping_for_him.8Mike asked, “Can you tell me the way to the post office, Bob？”Mike_asked_Bob_if_he_could_tell_him_the_way_to_the_post_office.完成
11、句子1If it is convenient for you in August, Id like to ask_you_to_go_there (让你去那儿) for a visit then.2My parents often ask me not_to_spend_too_much_time_playing_computer_games (不要在玩电脑游戏上花费太多时间)3Our maths teacher always tells us not_to_make_the_same_mistake_again (不要再犯同样的错误)4The driver reminded the pass
12、engers not_to_leave_any_of_their_things (不要落下他们的任何东西) on the bus.5Mary told Tom to_turn_down_the_radio (把收音机的声音调小) as her baby was sleeping.单元语法项目(二)间接引语()语法图解探究发现Kate told Henry, “I will come here to watch these programs tomorrow.”Kate told Henry that she would go there to watch those programs the
13、next day.Mrs Li asked Chen Fei, “Are you interested in English？”Mrs Li asked Chen Fei if/whether he was interested in English.Linda asked, “You like the food, dont you？”Linda asked (me) if/whether I liked the food.Tom asked, “Where are my sports shoes, Mom？”Tom asked his mom where his sports shoes w
14、ere.He asked, “Where are you to get off, John？”He asked John where he was to get off.He said, “Do you like to eat apples or oranges？”He asked (me) whether I liked to eat apples or oranges.我的发现直接引语变为间接引语时要注意：(1)语序的变化，如例句；(2)人称的变化，如例句；(3)时态的变化，如例句；(4)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及动词的变化，如例句。一、语序变化当我们用自己的语言转述别人的话语时，称为
15、间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句，用陈述句语序。而主句部分则根据语境的需要选择适当的转述动词。直接引语变成间接引语有以下几种情况：(1)直接引语为陈述句：间接引语变成that引导的宾语从句。John said, “I like reading adventure stories.”John said that he liked reading adventure stories.(2)直接引语是一般疑问句：间接引语变成if/whether引导的宾语从句。He asked Mary，“Do you want to go to the concert with me？”He asked Mary
16、 if/whether she wanted to go to the concert with him.(3)直接引语是选择疑问句：间接引语变成whether . or .引导的宾语从句，主句谓语动词一般用ask。She said, “Would you like tea or coffee？”She asked (us) whether we would like tea or coffee.(4)直接引语是特殊疑问句：间接引语变成由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。He asked, “What is it all about？”He asked what it was all about.即
17、时演练1将直接引语变为间接引语She said, “Did you see him last night？”She_asked_(me)_if_I_had_seen_him_the_night_before. “How do you feel？” the doctor asked him.The_doctor_asked_him_how_he_felt.She said, “Would you like to stay with me or go by yourself on a picnic？”She asked (me) whether_I_would_like_to_stay_with_
18、her_or_go_by_myself_on_a_picnic.“Who has broken my mirror？” Mary asked.Mary asked who_had_broken_her_mirror.二、人称变化1“一随主”。直接引语的主语为第一人称时，变为间接引语时从句主语应与主句主语一致。He said, “I like pop music.”He said he liked pop music.2“二随宾”。直接引语的主语为第二人称时，变为间接引语时从句主语应与主句中的宾语一致。He told me, “You should hand it in on Friday.”H
19、e told me that I should hand it in on Friday.3“三不变”。直接引语中的主语为第三人称时，变为间接引语时从句主语不必作出变化。Mr.Smith said, “She is my workmate.”Mr.Smith said that she was his workmate.即时演练2将直接引语变为间接引语He said, “I am very busy.”He said that he_was_very_busy.He said, “Can you finish the work on time？”He asked me if/whether_I
20、_could_finish_the_work_on_time.She said, “He wants to go shopping alone.”She said that_he_wanted_to_go_shopping_alone.三、时态变化当直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时要用that引导(常可省略)，主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的say/said，也可用tell/told来代替。当主句的谓语动词为现在时态或将来时态时，间接引语中的谓语动词时态不变；当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，间接引语中的谓语动词一般按下列规律变化： 直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时
21、过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时不变过去完成时不变He will say, “Ill do it tomorrow.”He will say that hell do it the next day.He said, “I had finished my job before supper.” He said that he had finished his job before supper.名师点津如果直接引语部分叙述的是客观事实、科学真理以及格言时，其时态保持不变。My father said, “The sun is bigger
22、 than the moon.”My father said that the sun is bigger than the moon.即时演练3将直接引语变为间接引语“I like singing，” she said.She said she_liked_singing.Our English teacher said, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”Our English teacher told us that_all_work_and_no_play_makes_Jack_a_dull_boy.He often says,
23、“Ill never forget that kind woman.”He often says that_he_will_never_forget_that_kind_woman.The boy said to his parents, “I had finished my homework before supper.”The boy told his parents that_he_had_finished_his_homework_before_supper.The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in th
24、e west.”The teacher said that_the_sun_rises_in_the_east_and_goes_down_in_the_west.四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosetodaythat daythis morning/afternoon/evening, etc.that morning/afternoon/ evening, etc.yesterdaythe day before/the previous daythe day before yesterdaytwo days beforetomor
25、rowthe next day/the following daythe day after tomorrowin two days time/two days laternext week/month/year, etc.the next week/month/year，etc.; the following week/ month/year, etc.last week/month/year, etc.the week/month/year before, etc.; the previous week/month/ year, etc.two weeks/months/ years ag
26、otwo weeks/months/years beforenowthenheretherecomegobringtakeHe said, “I havent seen her today.”He said that he hadnt seen her that day.He said, “This happened yesterday.”He said that that had happened the day before.She said, “I arrived two days ago.”She said that she had arrived two days before.即时
27、演练4将直接引语变为间接引语She said, “I will come here again tonight.”She said that she_would_go_there_again_that_night.She said, “Ill do it next week.”She said that she_would_do_it_the_next/following_week.He said, “I brought it home with me.”He said that he_had_taken_it_home_with_him.单句语法填空1Mum is not in Beijin
28、g now. She has gone to Paris.Oh, can you tell me when she left (leave)?2How about buying Tim a mobile phone? After all, he isnt a boy any more.I think its necessary, for we sometimes want to make sure if he will_come (come) home for dinner.3“Can I use your bike for a moment？” the boy said to me. The
29、 boy asked me whether he could use my (I) bike for a moment.4“Wang Hua is waiting for you outside of the school gate.” Li Fang said to me. Li Fang told (tell) me that Wang Hua was waiting for me outside of the school gate.5The teacher told us that light travels (travel) much faster than sound and th
30、is was why you saw the lighting first and then heard the thunder. 6The teacher asked him if/whether he could finish that job that day.7Our headteacher saw the empty seat next to me and asked where Jeff had gone.8He asked me what I was thinking about.句型转换(将直接引语变为间接引语)1“Ive found my wallet.” he said t
31、o me.He_told_me_that_he_had_found_his_wallet.2May said to Jennifer, “I will bring some photos here to you tomorrow.”May_told_Jennifer_she_would_take_some_photos_there_to_her_the_next_day.3“I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He_said_that_he_had_bought_the_house_10_years_before.4“Where have you been these days？” he asked.He_asked_me_where_I_had_been_those_days.5“Do you know where she lives？” he asked.He_asked_if/whether_I_knew_where_she_lived.6“I havent heard from my parents these days，” said Mary.Mary_said_that_she_hadnt_heard_from_her_parents_those_days.
