1、写作专项提升第一讲 写对8种基本句型英 语2023高 考 总 复 习 优 化 设 计GAO KAO ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI基本句型1“主谓”结构一、此句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点是句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思,这类动词被称为不及物动词,后面可以接副词、介词短语、状语从句等。但不能直接跟宾语,也没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词有come,walk,live,arrive,rise,happen,ride,write,agree,occur,lie,shine,fall,exist等。它的基本结构是:主语+谓语(vi.)(+状语)。(2021浙江卷,写作)Th
2、e exhibition will last for two weeks.展览将持续两周。(2020新高考全国卷,写作)We trained for two hours after school every day.我们每天放学后训练两个小时。(2020新高考全国卷,写作)The race started from the school gate.赛跑从学校门口开始。(2020浙江卷,写作)At that very moment,the helicopter arrived.就在那一刻,直升机到达了。二、谓语动词也可以是不及物动词短语,如set off(出发;动身),take place(发生
3、),break down(抛锚;出故障),break out(突然开始;爆发),come out(出版),come up(被提出),drop by(顺便拜访),run away(跑开),run out(用完)等。(2020 新高考全国卷,写作)Seeing nobody around,I ran awayimmediately.见周围没有人,我立刻跑开了。(2019 全国卷,书面表达)The Music Festival will take place in our school.音乐节将在我们学校举行。At about 6 pm on Saturday,a forest fire broke
4、 out in a village.在周六下午大约六点钟,一个村子发生了森林火灾。对点过关训练用“主谓”结构翻译下列句子1.(2021新高考全国卷,写作)Youth创刊十周年庆典就要来临。2.(2020全国卷,书面表达)上周我在郊区的一个农场工作。3.(2020新高考全国卷,写作)这几天我们训练得很辛苦。The 10th anniversary ceremony of Youth is drawing near.Last week I worked on a farm in the suburbs.We are training very hard these days.4.(2019全国卷,
5、书面表达)排球比赛将在下周五下午在我们学校新建的体育场举行。5.她的新书什么时候出版?6.这部英文短片将于下午2点在学校大厅开始放映。The volleyball game will take place in the newly built stadium of our school next Friday afternoon.When does her new book come out?The short English film will start in the school hall at 2:00 pm.基本句型2“主谓宾”结构此句式的句型特点为谓语动词均为及物动词,是主语发出的
6、动作,但是不能表达完整的意思,其后必须接一个宾语(宾语可以是名词、代词、动词-ing形式或不定式),即动作的承受者,才能表达完整的意思。它的基本结构是:主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语(+状语)。该句型如果能够灵活使用其被动语态,便能为写作增色不少。一、该句型中的谓语是及物动词,如respect,admire,ignore,provide,upset,appreciate 等。(2021全国甲卷,书面表达)As is known to all,China has abundant and unique cultures with a long history.众所周知,中国历史悠久,有丰富且独特的文
7、化。(2020全国卷,书面表达)Ill definitely remember his kindness and helpforever.我定会永远记住他的善良与帮助。(2020全国卷,书面表达)Honestly speaking,his great patience and assistance have a great impact on me.说实话,他极大的耐心和帮助对我影响很大。(2020全国卷,书面表达)We first picked the peaches that were most beautiful in color.我们首先摘颜色最好看的桃子。(2019全国卷,书面表达)
8、I have the following advantages.我的优势如下。To my delight,I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.令我高兴的是,我从数百名申请者中被选中参加开幕式。二、谓语动词也可以是及物动词短语,如come across(偶然碰到),communicate with(与交流),get on well with(与相处融洽),look forward to(盼望),stand for(代表,象征)等。(2020全国卷,书面表达)I am looking for
9、ward to your specific guidance.我盼望着得到您的具体指导。(2019全国卷,书面表达)I can communicate with visitors without difficulty.我可以毫无困难地与游客们沟通。He has already got on well with his classmates.他已与他的同学们相处得很融洽了。Sometimes difficulties stand for a special chance for us to make progress.有时候困难象征着一种能让我们进步的特殊机遇。对点过关训练用“主谓宾”结构翻译下
10、列句子1.(2020全国卷,书面表达)她给我们学生树立了一个很好的榜样。2.(2020新高考全国卷,写作)我们队正在为比赛做准备。3.(2019全国卷,书面表达)我可以详细介绍中国画。She has set a great example to us students.Our team is preparing for the game.I can explain the Chinese paintings in detail.4.(2019全国卷,书面表达)充足的睡眠和健康的饮食毫无疑问地会让我们走向胜利。5.我能通过做兼职工作得到一些宝贵的经验。Enough sleep and a hea
11、lthy diet will unquestionably lead to our victory.I can get some precious experience by doing the part-time job.基本句型3“主系表”结构此句式就是我们常提到的主系表结构。该句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样,其中谓语动词需用系动词,表语多是形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式或动词-ing形式等。该句型无被动语态,也无进行时态。它的基本结构是:主语+系动词+表语。常见的系动词有be,还有感官系动词(sound,look,smell,taste,feel)、变化系动词(become,ge
12、t,grow,turn,go,fall,run)、持续系动词(remain,keep,hold,stay)、表象系动词(seem,appear,look)等。(2021全国乙卷,书面表达)Thus,its popularity is easy to foresee and understand.因此,它的流行很容易预见和理解。(2020全国卷,书面表达)Mr.Zhang,aged 50,is my favorite English teacher.50岁的张先生是我最喜欢的英语老师。(2020全国卷,书面表达)He is so knowledgeable,humorous and respon
13、sible that I respect and love him so much.他是那么有学问、幽默并且负责任,以至于我非常尊敬和爱戴他。(2019江苏卷,书面表达)I would be happy to wear traditional Chinese clothes at the welcome ceremony.我很高兴在欢迎仪式上穿中国传统服装。对点过关训练用“主系表”结构翻译下列句子1.(2020新高考全国卷,写作)每一支参赛队伍都非常出色。2.(2020全国卷,书面表达)看到我们的劳动成果,我们都感到很满意。3.(2019全国卷,书面表达)我的目标是让世界了解中国。Every
14、participating team is great.Seeing our fruits of labor,we all felt very satisfied.My aim is to let the world learn about China.4.(2019江苏卷,书面表达)中国传统服装看起来更漂亮,更时尚。5.现在,我们在课堂上感到轻松且精力充沛。6.收到你的来信得知你要来北京,我很高兴。The traditional Chinese dress looks more beautiful and stylish.Now we feel released and very energ
15、etic in class.Im happy to receive your letter and know youre coming to Beijing.基本句型4“主谓宾宾”结构此句式中的谓语动词必须接两个宾语才能表达完整的意思,其中一个是表示人的间接宾语,另一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。它的基本结构是:主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。一、间接宾语一般位于直接宾语的前面,如果间接宾语在直接宾语的后面,那么中间需要加上一个介词。可用介词to来变换间接宾语的常用动词有give,offer,hand,show,throw,pass,pay
16、,send,sell,tell,lend,write等。(如:give sb sth=give sth to sb)(2021浙江卷,写作)This exhibition offers them a platform to explore the beauty of China.这次展览为他们提供了一个探索中国之美的平台。(2020新高考全国卷,写作)This race gives us a good opportunity to have a deeper understanding of patience.这次比赛给了我们一个好机会,让我们对耐力有了更深刻的理解。(2019北京卷,书面表达
17、)Our teacher told us the importance of labour and the meaning of the social activity.我们老师告诉我们劳动的重要性及社会活动的意义。Ive decided to buy my mother a worthy gift.我已决定给我妈妈买一件配得上她的礼物。Mr.Smith gave me some advice and lent me an English dictionary.=Mr.Smith gave some advice to me and lent an English dictionary to
18、me.史密斯先生给了我一些建议并且借给我一本英文词典。二、可用介词for来变换间接宾语的常用动词有buy,cook,get,order,find,make,sing,save,fetch等。(如:buy sb sth=buy sth for sb)My father bought me a new car.=My father bought a new car for me.我爸爸给我买了一辆新汽车。Can you get me some apples?=Can you get some apples for me?你能帮我拿些苹果吗?Please find me an apartment.=
19、Please find an apartment for me.请给我找一套公寓。对点过关训练用“主谓宾宾”结构翻译下列句子1.(2020浙江卷,写作)我们都很想你,并且祝愿你早日完全康复。2.(2019全国卷,书面表达)在开幕式上,我们的校长将首先给我们发表讲话。3.我能提供给你一些有用的建议。We all miss you very much and wish you a quick and complete recovery.Our headmaster will give us a speech first at the opening ceremony.I can offer you
20、 some helpful suggestions.4.那确实给了我们一种极大的成就感。5.我记得你给我展示了一些关于环保的照片。6.我代表全校同学祝你们回国旅途愉快。That surely gave us a great sense of achievement.I remember you showed me some photos on environmental protection.On behalf of my schoolmates,I wish you a pleasant trip back to your country.基本句型5“主谓宾补”结构此句式中的动词虽然是及物动
21、词,但只接一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须再加上一个成分来对宾语进行补充说明,这样才能使意思完整。宾语补足语直接跟在宾语后面,补充说明宾语的情况。它们之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。写作时应熟练掌握“名词作宾语补足语”这种高级表达形式。它的基本结构是:主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语。(2021新高考全国卷,写作)I think it a good opportunity to extend my heartfelt congratulations.我认为这是我表达衷心祝贺的好机会。With my deskmates help,I
22、 at last found it easy to work out the problem.在我同桌的帮助下,最后我发现很容易就算出那道题了。(2020全国卷,书面表达)Meanwhile,several girls sang some sweet songs,which made us feel less exhausted.同时,几个女孩唱起动听的歌曲,这让我们感觉不那么疲惫了。1.常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有call,name,elect,make,appoint,leave,consider,keep,wish等。Her parents died and left her an o
23、rphan.她父母双亡,使她成了孤儿。All of us call him a living dictionary.我们都叫他“活字典”。2.常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,wish,consider,prove,leave,paint,drive等。John didnt consider himself(to be)important.约翰并不认为自己重要。You had better keep the windows open,because it is too hot in the room.你最好让窗户开着,因为
24、屋里太热了。3.常用现在分词和省略to的动词不定式等作宾语补足语的及物动词有see,notice,hear,watch,observe,leave 等。Simon left me waiting at the school gate.西蒙让我在校门口等着。Did you see him come in?你看到他进来了吗?4.常用to do作宾语补足语的及物动词有advise,ask,command,encourage,forbid,permit,persuade,get等。Our maths teacher always encourages us to work out the questi
25、ons by ourselves.我们的数学老师总是鼓励我们自己解决问题。5.常用副词、介词短语等作宾语补足语的及物动词有leave,put等。You cant leave your friend in trouble.你不能把你的朋友置于困境而不顾。6.有些动词后常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,这是英语中常用的句型,即“主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”。常见的动词有think,find,consider,feel,make等。The student has made it a rule to read English magazines every day.
26、这个学生已经养成了每天读英文杂志的习惯。对点过关训练用“主谓宾补”结构翻译下列句子1.(2019全国卷,书面表达)我写信邀请你和我一起参加这个节日。2.(2019浙江卷,写作)父母认为这对于建立孩子的信心是很有用的。3.你的参与定会使这次活动获得巨大成功。I am writing to invite you to participate in the festival with me.Parents think it very useful to build their childrens confidence.Your participation will certainly make th
27、e event a huge success.4.他鼓励我在大学主修物理。5.网络使得交流容易又方便。6.我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。He inspires me to major in physics in college.The Internet makes communication easy and convenient.I consider English a very important subject.基本句型6“主谓状”结构此结构为“主语+谓语+状语(副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、形容词、复合结构)”,其中谓语为不及物动词或不及物动词短语。(2021浙江卷,写作)Most
28、of the students think highly of this exhibition.这次展览得到了广大学生的高度评价。The pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔写起来很顺畅。This shirt washes easily.这件衬衣很容易清洗。The next day,the children started early.第二天,孩子们早早地出发了。We walked talking and laughing.我们一边走路一边说笑。对点过关训练用“主谓状”结构翻译下列句子1.(2020新高考全国卷,写作)你能等到他回来吗?2.机会终于来了。3.老师进来了,手里拿着一本
29、书。Can you wait until he comes back?The chance came at last.The teacher came in with a book in hand.4.一项新法案很快就要实施。5.我被他的话深深地打动了。A new law will be carried out soon.I was moved by his words deeply.基本句型7“主谓宾状”结构此结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+状语(副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、形容词、复合结构)”,其中谓语为及物动词或及物动词短语。(2021全国甲卷,书面表达)To tell you the tr
30、uth,I really appreciate your help.跟你说实话,我非常感谢你的帮助。We can see many flowers through the window.我们可以透过窗户看见许多花。Walking through the park,we can see lots of lovely animals.从公园里穿行时,我们可以看见许多可爱的动物。He went into the empty temple,full of fear.他走进这座空庙,内心充满恐惧。对点过关训练用“主谓宾状”结构翻译下列句子1.(2019 全国卷,书面表达)暑假的时候,我在伦敦学习英语。2
31、.在那之后,我们参观了一家当地的博物馆。3.他没有敲门就闯进了我的房间。I am studying English in London during the summer holiday.After that,we visited a local museum.He broke into my room without knocking at the door.4.英语俱乐部现在正在招收新成员。5.五年以后,他回到了他的家乡。The English club is looking for new members right now.Five years later,he returned to
32、 his hometown.基本句型8There be句型There be句型用以表示在某处存在某人或某物,其基本结构是“There be+主语”,be的人称和数一般与后面的主语保持一致。(2021全国甲卷,书面表达)As far as we know,there is a huge cultural difference between China and the western countries.据我们所知,中国和西方国家之间存在着巨大的文化差异。There are many foreign students studying Chinese now.现在有许多外国学生在学汉语。Ther
33、e was nothing left in our sight but the trees.我们看到除了树什么也没有剩下。First and foremost,there will be a great many activities.首先,将会有大量的活动。对点过关训练用There be句型翻译下列句子1.天空中没有星星。2.有500多人申请这份工作。3.窗户上有冰。4.那辆车没有一点毛病。There are no stars in the sky.There were over 500 applicants for the job.There was ice on the window(s).There is nothing wrong with the car.
