1、第七讲 并列句和状语从句并列句并列句用法连词例句表并列、递进或顺承关系and,both.and.,neither.nor.，not only.but also.，as well asDuring the first three years,children learn the basic skills they will use in all their later learning both at home and at school.在前3年，孩子们学会了以后在家里和在学校学习中所需要用的基本技能。表转折关系but,yet,nevertheless(后两个为非课标词汇)What we ar
2、e about to do is perfectly legal.But please dont discuss it with anyone.我们要做的事完全合法，但请不要与任何人讨论这件事。表选择关系either.or.，not.but.,or,or else,rather thanNow you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。表因果关系for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首),soHe found it increasingly difficult to read,forhis eyesight was
3、beginning to fail.由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。and与or用于并列句祈使句and陈述句，and表顺承Find ways to praise your children often,andyoull find they will open their hearts to you.设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们乐意向你敞开心扉。祈使句or陈述句，or表转折表对比while强调对比关系，意为“然而；而”I like English while my little sister is fond of art.我喜欢英语而我的妹妹热爱艺术。题组微练(单句语法填空
4、)12021安徽省高三联考They serve as an important driving force for local economic and social development,while acting as a bridge between Quanzhou _ the wider world.答案与解析：and考查并列连词。句意：他们是当地经济和社会发展的重要驱动力，同时也是泉州与世界的桥梁。分析句子结构可知，空处填并列连词，再根据句意可知，between.and.意为“在之间”，故填and。22021河北省衡水中学第一次模拟Some people are able to l
5、ose weight on highprotein diets in the shortterm but this weight loss is not due to eating more animal protein,_ simply due to consuming fewer calories.答案与解析：but考查固定搭配。句意：有些人能够在短期内通过高蛋白饮食来减肥，但这种减肥并不是因为吃了更多的动物蛋白，而只是因为摄入了更少的卡路里。固定搭配：not.but.“不是而是”。32021邯郸一模Life isnt perfect and its always hard,_ we ne
6、ed reminders in our life from friends,authors,bloggers,pastors or our inner spirits to refocus on the things that matter and make us live positively.答案与解析：so考查连词。句意：生活并不完美，而且总是充满艰辛，因此我们在生活中需要朋友、作家、博主、牧师或者我们自己内心的提醒，从而使自己重新关注那些重要的和可以让我们积极生活的事情。根据句意可知，设空处前后为因果关系。【典例感悟】12020新高考山东卷They kept their collect
7、ion at home until it got too big _ until they died,and then it was given to a museum.2 2020浙 江 卷 1月 Its also that they are on average healthier _ more productive for longer.答案与解析：or考查连词。分析句子结构可知，until it got too big和until they died并列，同时结合语境可知，此处表示选择关系，故用连词or。答案与解析：and考查并列连词。结合句意可知，healthier 和more pr
8、oductive 构成并列关系，故填and。32019全国卷Irene said，“I dont see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years.I work not because I have to,_ because I want to.”42016全国卷In much of Asia,especially the socalled“rice bowl”cultures of China，Japan，K
9、orea,_ Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.答案与解析：but分析句子结构并根据句意“我工作不是因为我不得不工作，而是因为我想工作”可知使用了固定搭配not.but.“不是而是”。答案与解析：and 此处是顺承关系，所以填and。52016全国卷So，get an early start and try to be as productive _ possible before lunch.答案与解析：as句意为：因此，早点儿开始并且在午饭前要尽可能高效。固定结构as.as possible意为“尽可能”，第二个as为连词。【答题微
10、点】语法填空解题“2策略”1分析单词、短语或句子的逻辑关系或句式结构(1)完整的句子中，如果两个单词或短语并列，要填并列连词；(2)若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格处必定填连词。2注意固定句式中的连词状语从句考点一 常见的状语从句1.时间状语从句(1)when,while与as引导的时间状语从句连词从句的谓语动词用法when延续性动词；非延续性动词从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生while延续性动词从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as延续性动词强调主从句动作相伴发生，可译为“一边一边；随着”We will ensure that people fr
11、om Taiwan will enjoy the same treatment as local people when they pursue their studies or seek jobs in mainland.我们将确保台湾同胞在大陆求学或就业时，享有与当地人同等的待遇。(2)before与since引导的时间状语从句before与since的常用句式连词词义常用句式before在之前，还未就；才；趁还没有来得及It will(not)be一段时间before“(没有)过(时间)才”It was not/wont be long before.“不久就”It was时间段befo
12、re.“过了(时间)才”since自从以来It is/has been一段时间since.(从句用一般过去时)It wont be long before we meet again.过不了多长时间我们就又见面了。since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的是自从句谓语动作开始算起；若用延续性动词或状态动词，所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。As is reported，it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.据报道，清华大学已经建立了100多年了。(3)表示“一就”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句引
13、导时间状语从句，且表示“一就”含义的词或短语有as soon as，the moment，the minute,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.等。Directly I received his letter I went to see him.我一收到他的信就去看他。hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.中主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当no sooner.和hardly/scarcely.位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
14、Hardly had she heard the sad story when she burst out crying.她一听到这个悲伤的故事就哭了。(4)until与till引导的时间状语从句连词位置用法注意事项until可以放在句首 not.until可用于强调句型until/till用于肯定句时主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，用于否定句时主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词not until位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装till不可放在句首 一般不用于强调句型It was not until he told me about it again that I had any idea of it.直到
15、他再次告诉我这件事，我才有了这个想法。(5)引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词(短语)还有 after,whenever,every time,each time,next time,the first/last time,any time,by the time,the day/year 等。Every time I express my opinion,she always argues back.每次我发表意见，她总是反驳。by the time引导的时间状语，从句如果用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时；从句如果用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。2条件状语从
16、句(1)条件状语从句的常见引导词if，unless，as/so long as,in case(万一),once,on condition that,provided/providing(that),supposing(that)等。My parents dont mind what job I do as long as I am happy.只要我高兴，我的父母不在意我从事什么工作。(2)条件状语从句的时态用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时。If everyone does his part,the project will surely be a success.如果
17、每个人都尽自己的一份力，这个项目一定会成功。3让步状语从句.从句位置语序语气注意事项although灵活正常陈述although与though都可以与yet，still，nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。though还可以作副词，意为“可是；然而”，置于句末。whoever，whatever，whomever,whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter疑问词”不可以。though灵活正常或倒装陈述as句首倒装(即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词)陈述while句首正常陈述even if/though灵活正常虚拟或陈述n
18、o matter 疑 问词/疑问词ever灵活正常陈述whether.or not句首正常陈述Much as/though I have traveled,I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.虽然我经常旅行，但我从未见过像约翰那样能干的人。4原因状语从句(1)because用来回答why的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.老人让露西挪到另一把椅子上，因为他
19、想坐在妻子旁边。(2)since/now that表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首；as引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。名师点津when,seeing that,considering that 表示“既然；考虑到”，也可引导原因状语从句。She is very active,considering that she is getting in years.考虑到她已年事渐高，她还是很活跃的。题组微练(单句语法填空)12021云南省七校高考适应性考试_ he wants to convey，the writer is expected to
20、be good at summarization and Chinese to produce a couplet with a few characters that is excellent in both content and language.答案与解析：Whatever考查让步状语从句。无论作者想传达什么，他都得有好的概括力和驾驭汉语的本领。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处所在的句子为让步状语从句，从句中的convey是及物动词，故引导词作convey的宾语，此处表示“无论什么”，故只能填Whatever。22021陕西咸阳二模Researchers have found,in t
21、heir experiment,that a babys cries can cause unique emotional responses in the brain,making it impossible for us to ignore them _ we are parents or not.答案与解析：whether句意：研究者们在他们的实验中发现，婴儿啼哭能够引起头脑中独特的情感反应，使得我们不可能忽略他们，无论我们是不是父母。whether.or.可用来引导让步状语从句，意为“无论还是”。32021太原二模I had hardly sat down on the train a
22、nd opened a bar of chocolate _ a really old man with huge bags sat down across from me.42021山东省济南市高三模拟The doctor was certain I would test positive for coronavirus,but gave me the option to test _ I wanted to know for sure.I opted to be tested.答案与解析：when考查连词。hardly.when.意为“一就”，为固定用法，符合语境，故用连词when引导时间
23、状语从句。答案与解析：if考查连词。句意：医生肯定我会检测出冠状病毒阳性，但如果我想确定的话，他给了我检测的选择权。由语境可知，此处表“条件”，应用连词if。52018江苏卷_ you can sleep well，you will lose the ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.答案与解析：Unless句意为：如果你睡不好觉的话，一两夜过后你就会无法集中注意力，无法做计划，也无法保持干劲了。考查状语从句。根据语境此处考查条件状语从句，unlessif.not“除非；如果不”。考点二 其他状语从
24、句1.地点状语从句where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。同时地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。When solving the problem a second time，youd better be more careful where you made a mistake.When solving the problem a second time，youd better be more careful in the place where you made a mistake.再次解决这个问题时，你最好在上次出错的地方更仔细一些。Where the
25、res a will,theres a way.有志者，事竟成。2目的状语从句(1)so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词can，could 等；in order that引导的从句可位于主句之前或之后，so that引导的从句只能位于主句之后；(2)for fear that(唯恐；以防)与in case引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词有时也用should/might/could动词原形。The boy hid himself behind the tree for fear that his father might see him.男孩躲在树后，怕他父亲
26、看见他。3结果状语从句(1)so that引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用情态动词，从句前可加逗号。We turned up the radio,so that everyone heard the news.我们把收音机音量调大，这样每个人都能听到新闻。(2)so.that中so后面跟形容词或副词；such.that中such后面跟名词。Jack is so honest a worker that we all believe him.Jack is such an honest worker that we all believe him.杰克是一个非常诚实的工人，我们都相信他。4方式
27、状语从句(1)as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照”。Will you please do the experiment as I am doing?请你像我一样做这个实验好吗？(2)as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样；从句中可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实相反。Jack wasnt saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever.杰克什么也没说，但老师朝他笑了笑，好像他做了件很聪明的事。5比较状语从句as.as;not so/as.
28、as;the same.as表示相同程度的比较，肯定句用as.as，否定句可用not as.as或not so.as。He doesnt run so/as fast as Jack(does)他跑得没有杰克快。题组微练(单句语法填空)12018天津卷Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend so _ they get sweet enough to be eaten.22021济南市高三针对性练习 The Chinese have such a close relationship with tea _ they have develope
29、d an entire“Tea Culture”答案与解析：that句意为：到周末我们再摘这些桃子吧，那样的话它们就变得足够甜能吃了。本题考查状语从句。由设空处后的内容可判断设空处引导目的状语从句，故答案为that，即so that引导目的状语从句。答案与解析：that考查固定结构。分析该句结构并结合句意可知，该句使用了“such.that.”结构来引导结果状语从句。故用that。语法填空解题技法【典例感悟】12021河北衡水中学一调The song“A little bit longer”by Nick Jonas is _ an emotional and inspiring song t
30、hat whenever I hear it,I always come close to dropping down tears.22020全国卷_ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)artist,they smiled and pointed down the river.答案与解析：such句意：Nick Jonas所写的坚持到底是如此抒情、鼓舞人心的一首歌，以至于每当我听到它时几乎都会落泪。此处为“sucha/an形容词可数名词单数that从句”结
31、构，意为“如此以至于”。答案与解析：When/As 考查状语从句。When/As在句中表示“当时”。32019天津卷Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents opinion _ he wants their support.4 2018北 京 卷 _ we dont stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone.52017北京卷If you dont understand something,you may research,study,
32、and talk to other people _ you figure it out.答案与解析：unless考查状语从句。句意：汤姆很独立，除非他想得到父母的支持，否则他从不征求父母的意见。根据语境可知，这里用从属连词unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。答案与解析：If句意为：如果我们不制止气候变化，世界上的很多动物和植物将会死去。本题考查状语从句。根据句意可知，设空处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，故填If。答案与解析：untilunitl“直到”，引导时间状语从句。【答题微点】语法填空解题“3牢记”1牢记连词词义并能熟练运用是解答题目的先决条件；2牢记固定句式结构，确定从属连词；3
33、根据主从句的逻辑关系确定状语从句的连接词。如果主从句是因果关系，则要考虑用because,as,since;如果主从句有时间先后之分，则要考虑用时间状语从句的连接词；如果从句为主句的条件，则要考虑用if;如果从句表示让步，则要考虑用although,though,while。语法填空2021沈阳教学质量监测Weddings are generally considered personal events,but some couples in India are more than happy to have strangers all over the world attend 1._(th
34、ey)traditional weddings,for a fee.2_(pay)hundreds of dollars to attend the wedding of two strangers in a 3._(total)foreign country may seem strange to some people,but according to a company specializing in wedding tourism,it is“the 4._(culture)immersion(沉浸)”for tourists to experience many elements o
35、f Indian culture.Customers get to put on traditional Indian clothing,taste local food,and experience Indian wedding customs,which will usually create 5._ unique atmosphere for the customers.As for the couples getting married,they get to share the happiest day of their lives not just with family and
36、friends,6._ with the world.Tourists 7._(interest)in attending a traditional Indian wedding through Join My Wedding have to pay a fee of$150 for the oneday attendance,or$250 for two days,8._ covers the entrance to the wedding plus food and drinks as well as a person to welcome them and explain all th
37、e traditional customs.So far,feedback from both tourists and Indian couples 9._(appear)to be very positive.“The 10._(contribute)I made was the best and easiest way to thank the couple for their hospitality and this extraordinary experience，”one Hungarian tourist said.Couples,on the other hand,are excited to know people from other countries.
