1、第三讲 形容词、副词和比较等级突破高考重点考点一 形容词与副词的基本用法1.形容词和副词的句法功能词性功能例句形容词在句中作定语、表语、补语和状语(说明主语的状态、性质和特征等)Although it was a hard time and things were tight for everybody,Bernards business worked out quite well.2020新高考卷读后续写虽然那是一段困难的时期，每个人的处境都很艰难，但伯纳的生意做得很好。副词句中作状语，修饰动词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语和句子等，方位副词可作后置定语、表语和补语We do sincer
2、ely hope that your health will improve soon and we are also expecting your early return to China.2020浙江卷应用文写作我们真诚地希望您的身体能尽快好转，也期待您早日回国。2.兼有两种形式的副词其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。close接近(指距离)closely仔细地，密切地free免费freely自由地，自如地deep深deeply深刻地，深入地hard努力地hardly几乎不wide宽阔地widely广泛地high高highly高度
3、地late晚，迟lately近来near邻近nearly几乎most最mostly主要地；绝大多数地pretty相当地prettily优美地Needless to say,they were deeply moved,especially Bernard who finally found a way to make money for his family.2020新高考山东卷读后续写不用说，他们都深受感动，尤其是伯纳德，他终于找到了赚钱养家的方法。指津：下列单词以ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively，lonely，lovely，deadly，friendly，ugly，silly，
4、likely，brotherly，timely 等。3常用的连接性副词though一般用于句末，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折。besides意为“另外，还有”，表示递进关系。meanwhile意为“在此期间”，表示两个动作同时发生。however意为“然而”，表示让步和转折，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。therefore/thus/consequently意为“因此，所以”，表示结果。instead意为“相反”，表示相反的情况。moreover/furthermore/additionally意为“此外”，表承接关系。anyway/anyhow意为“尽管，即使这样”，表示让步。A flood
5、had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds.Besides,the number of snakes had declined as well.2020新高考山东卷完形早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损失是赶走了一些鸟类。此外，蛇的数量也减少了。4常考易混、易错形容词和副词的区别(1)before，agoago：常用于一般过去时，它所指的时间从现在算起；before：常用于过去完成时，它所指的时间从过去某一时刻算起。Three days a
6、go,I went to pay a visit to my aunt,only to be told that she had gone abroad three days before.三天前我去拜访我的姑姑，却被告知她在三天前去了国外。(2)such，soso是副词，可以放在形容词或副词之前作状语；such是代词或限定词，可用来修饰名词，作定语。应注意以下几点：such a beautiful girlso beautiful a girlsuch a lovely dayso lovely a day指津：当名词为不可数名词或复数名词时，不能用so，必须用such。如：不可以说so n
7、ice weather，而要说such nice weather。当名词前有表示数量的词语(如many、much、few、little)时，则只能使用so来修饰它们，而不能使用such。He made so many mistakes that he was punished by his strict mother.他犯了许多错误，因此受到了严厉的母亲的惩罚。注意：当little作“小的”讲时，用such，如such a little animal“这么小的动物”。题组微练(单句语法填空)12021陕西省重点中学模拟_(interesting)enough，the United Nation
8、s even has a cartoon character to represent this day.22021昆明市高三测试The goal of the Plastic Bank is to use plastic to help people solve the problems _(gradual).答案与解析：Interestingly考查副词。有趣地是，联合国甚至有一个卡通人物来代表这一天。此处作状语修饰整个句子，应该用副词形式。答案与解析：gradually考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词solve，应用副词形式，在句子中作状语，所以填gradually。3 20
9、21青 岛 质 量 检 测 The United States，Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours sleep a night to stay _(health)42021烟台市高考诊断性测试So if you are passionate about something，stick to it and through hard work，you _(true)can make your dream come true.答案与解析：healthy考查形容词
10、。此处表示成年人每晚需要至少七小时的睡眠来保持健康。stay healthy为固定搭配，意为“保持健康”。故填healthy。答案与解析：truly 考查副词用法。此处用副词修饰谓语动词。52021东北三校高三模拟Compared with other male poets in China,who have left hundreds or even thousands of poems，she has only eighty seven._，her artistic creativity in her existing works has earned her a permanent pl
11、ace in the Chinese literary circle.答案与解析：However考查副词。前一句表述和其他遗作有几百甚至几千首的中国男性诗人相比，她只有八十七首，并结合空后的内容可知，此处前后形成转折，且修饰整个句子，所以填However。考点二 形容词、副词比较级与最高级形容词和副词比较等级的考查主要体现在两个方面：一是通过标志词than或表比较意义的语境推出用比较级或最高级；二是考查一些固定结构中比较级和最高级的用法。一、比较级和最高级的构成1规则形式(1)单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词，在原级后加er，est构成，如clevercleverercleverest。其他特
12、殊变化见下表：特殊情况构成方法例词以不发音的e结尾的加r和stbravebraverbravest以“辅音字母y”结尾变y为i，再加er和esthappyhappierhappiest以重读闭音节结尾双写词尾，再加er和esthothotterhottest(2)多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more，most构成。activemore activemost activehappilymore happilymost happily2不规则形式原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittleles
13、sleastfarfarther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的；最远的”)further(指空间距离“更远的”；在更大程度上)furthest(指空间距离“最远的”；在最大程度上)oldolder/elderoldest/eldest二、比较等级用法的固定句型1同级比较：as形容词/副词的原级as，其否定形式是“not as/so形容词/副词的原级as”。2比较级结构：形容词/副词的比较级than;more/less多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词than。常见的修饰比较级的词有any,much,even,far,by far,a lot,a great
14、deal等。The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。3最高级结构：the形容词的最高级(名词)比较范围(in/of/among短语)；one of the形容词的最高级名词复数。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far,almost以及序数词等。She is the most active student in our class.她是我们班最活跃的学生。4比较级的常用句型(1)“比较级and比较级”或“more and more原级”表示“越来越”。Holiday flight
15、tickets are getting less and less expensive.假期的机票越来越便宜了。(2)“the比较级，the比较级”，表示“越越”。The more you listen and read,the better you write and speak.你听得越多，读得越多，你的写作和口语就越好。(3)“the比较级ofthe名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较的”。Of the two cameras,I would prefer the smaller one,which is very easy for me to carry.这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它
16、容易携带。5比较级形式表达最高级的含义(1)“否定词比较级”或“否定词such/so.as”结构表示最高级含义。Your story is perfect,Ive never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义：比较级thanany other单数名词比较级thanall the other复数名词比较级thanany of the other复数名词The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other
17、 rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。6倍数表达法常见的倍数表达句型主要有：(1)A is倍数比较级thanB(2)A is倍数as原级asB(3)A is倍数the名词(size，length，height等)of B(4)the名词(size，length，height 等)of Ais倍数thatofB(5)A is倍数what引导的名词性从句Smoking is harmful to peoples health,killing seven times more people each year th
18、an traffic accidents.吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的多7倍。题组微练(单句语法填空)1 2021合 肥 市 高 三 质 量 检 测 In fact，Guo Feng is _(familiar)to the public as a music producer than as a painter.22021安徽安庆二模Nowadays，not only does China have the _(fast)growing modern cities in the world,but the landscapes are also truly divers
19、e.答案与解析：more familiar考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级符号than并结合语境可知，空处含有比较的含义，应用形容词的比较级，familiar为多音节词，比较级为more familiar，所以填more familiar。答案与解析：fastest考查副词的最高级。句意：现在，中国不但有世界上发展最快的现代化的城市，而且风景也多种多样。设空处前有定冠词the，且在句中修饰growing，根据比较范围in the world可知，此处应用最高级形式，故填fastest。32021昆明质量检测If we can focus on encouraging kids to dr
20、ink more watera lowcost，sugarfree drinkwe can improve their drinking habits，which may allow many kids to feel _(great)throughout the day and do better in school.42020浙江卷1月The first is declining birth rates,which means old generations are large compared to younger generations,and so,on average,the po
21、pulation becomes _(old)than before.答案与解析：greater考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“and do better in school”可知，空处与此处对应，应用形容词的比较级。答案与解析：older考查形容词比较级。结合句意及下文的than before可知，这里意为“比以前更加年老”，故填older。刷经典试题语法填空解题技法【典例感悟】12021合肥市高三质量检测Unfortunately，coral species are being _(severe)threatened，many of which have been destroyed b
22、y pollution，overfishing practices，and other impacts over the past centuries.22021濮阳市高三模拟By September,2018,her _(week)strike had become a worldwide climate change movement called“Fridays for the Future”答案与解析：severely考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰过去分词threatened，应用副词形式，所以填severely。答案与解析：weekly考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词修
23、饰名词strike，weekly“每周的”，故填weekly。32021福州市质量检测However,a diet that is too high in animal protein can _(actual)lead to weight gain over time.420186月浙江高考The obvious one is money;eating out once or twice a week may be _(afford)but doing this most days adds up.答案与解析：actually考查副词。句意：然而，动物蛋白含量过高的饮食实际上会导致体重增加。
24、此处lead是动词，由副词修饰，所给词actual是形容词，其副词是actually。答案与解析：affordable根据语境可知，一周在外就餐一到两次是可以负担得起的。本句为主系表结构，故此处应该用形容词作表语，afford的形容词为affordable。52020全国卷One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像)done so he called all great artists to come and present their _(fine)work,so that he could choose the best.62020全
25、国卷The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so _ the familiar near side.答案与解析：finest考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知，皇帝命令所有知名画家献上他们最好的作品。答案与解析：than考查连词。本句中含有more，空格后为比较对象，因此本空应填than。720186月浙江高考There could be an even _(high)cost on your health.答案与解
26、析：higher此处表示这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。根据“even”可判断，此处要用形容词的比较级。【答题微点】语法填空解题“3策略”1利用提示词(1)看到提示词在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语或在宾语后作宾补，要想到用形容词；(2)看到提示词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子作状语时，要想到用副词。2利用标志词(1)若是两者之间相比，且空格后有than,要想到用形容词或副词的比较级；(2)and,or,but等并列连词连接的平行结构，如果其中之一是比较级，要想到另一并列成分也应用比较级；(3)注意使用比较等级的固定搭配或句型，如：the比较级，the比较级the最高级标志性词语或从句
27、3利用修饰语(1)看到修饰语much,still,even,far,a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit等以及百分数，要想到比较级；(2)看到修饰语by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really以及序数词等，要想到最高级。对点跟踪检测语法填空2021重庆名校联盟模拟Every year,people around the world purchase roughly 526 billion bottles,and that number is on 1._ increase.More than 8 millio
28、n pieces of plastic pollution find their way into our oceans every day.Much of other plastic 2._(throw)in landfills or rivers also has bad effects on wildlife.1答案与解析：the考查冠词。on the increase是固定搭配，意为“正在增长”，故填定冠词the。2答案与解析：thrown考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已经有谓语动词has,因此，空处是非谓语动词作后置定语。throw与被修饰词Much of other pla
29、stic是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处表示动作已完成，故用过去分词thrown。Many people are now trying 3._(cut)down on plastic use,while also turning these singleuse plastics into something 4._(benefit)like auto parts.3答案与解析：to cut考查非谓语动词。固定结构“try to do sth.”意为“努力做某事”。try doing sth.意为“尝试做某事”，与语境不符。4答案与解析：beneficial考查形容词。空处作定语修饰不定代词somet
30、hing,需要用其形容词形式beneficial意为“有用的”。The Ford Motor Company has used recycled plastic since the 1990s.Today,it 5._(transform)recycled plastic into vehicle parts in an effort to reduce its carbon footprint,6._(specific)underbody shields(车底护板)on all cars.5答案与解析：is transforming考查动词的时态。句意：今天，为了努力减少碳排放量，这家公司正
31、在把可回收塑料转变成汽车配件。根据时间状语“Today”和语境可知，此处表示动作正在发生，故用现在进行时。6答案与解析：specifically考查副词。此处作状语修饰句子，应该用副词。specifically意为“更确切地说”。“The underbody shield is a large part.7._ is likely for such a big part to weigh three times as much if we use solid plastic，”says Thomas Sweder,design engineer of the Company.“Were loo
32、king for the most durable and 8._(green)materials to make our parts.”7答案与解析：It考查代词。句意：如果我们使用固体塑料，这么大的一个配件很可能会有三倍重。此处是It is likely for.to do sth.意为“很可能做某事”，其中It是形式主语，后面的不定式是真正的主语。8答案与解析：greenest考查形容词的最高级。根据前面的“the most durable and”可知，此处and连接两个并列的最高级修饰名词materials，故本空要填所给词的最高级形式。Finding new and innovat
33、ive ways to recycle singleuse plastics is essential for our planet.With one of the largest 9._(company)committed to working with recycled plastics,theres hope 10._ others will follow suit.9答案与解析：companies考查名词的单复数。根据“one of the名词复数形式”结构可知，此处填companies。10答案与解析：that考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，hope后所跟的从句解释说明其内容，从句的成分和意义都是完整的，故用that引导该同位语从句。
