1、语法专题突破专题一 名词、数词、形容词、副词英 语2023高 考 总 复 习 优 化 设 计GAO KAO ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI内 容 索 引增素能 精准突破测效果 课堂评价增素能 精准突破一、名词的数及名词之间的转换【真题语境】名词的数1.(2021新高考全国卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we(human)are.2.(2021全国乙卷)(activity)there range from whale watching to
2、 hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.3.(2021全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours,but we stopped at the different gates and(watchtower)to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.humansActivitieswatchtowers4.(2
3、018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _(cause).5.(2018浙江卷)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese(dish)is seen as
4、 especially troublesome.6.(2017全国卷)This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界)as a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side(effect)such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.causesdisheseffects7.(2017全国卷)It ran for
5、 just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible(crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.8.(2017全国卷)She has turned down several(invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.名词之间的转换9.(2018全国卷)My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a(science)who studies a
6、nimals such as apes and monkeys.crowdsinvitationsscientist【用法点拨】1.名词的复数变化规则一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es,例如:mapmaps,seaseas,girlgirls,daydays以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es,例如:familyfamilies,babybabies,armyarmies,bodybodies以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s,例如:boyboys,toytoys以-f或-fe结尾的词,变-f和-fe为v再加-es或-s,例如:knifeknives,wifewives
7、,leafleaves,thiefthieves,halfhalves,loafloaves,shelfshelves少数以-f或-fe结尾的词加-s,例如:beliefbeliefs,chiefchiefs,proofproofs,roofroofs以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es,例如:classclasses,boxboxes,watchwatches,dishdishes以元音字母加-o结尾的名词,一般加-s,例如:radioradios,bamboobamboos,zoozoos以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词加-es,例如:heroheroes,potatopotatoes,to
8、matotomatoes以-th结尾的名词加-s,例如:truthtruths,mouthmouths,monthmonths,pathpaths2.名词复数的不规则变化改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式,例如:manmen,womanwomen,footfeet,mousemice,goosegeese,toothteeth在词尾加-en或-ren,例如:childchildren,oxoxen单复数相同,例如:species,sheep,deer,fish,series,means,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss只有复数形式,例如:trousers,clothes,goods一些
9、集体名词用作复数,例如:people,police部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员),例如:audience,class,family,group二、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级【真题语境】形容词、副词的比较级1.(2021新高考全国卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets,the(hot)the spring!2.(2021全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at
10、 the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what(good)than to ride on a piece of history!3.(2021浙江卷)When the house was built,it was much(small)than it is today.hotterbettersmaller4.(2019全国卷)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements
11、,leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are(high)than they actually are.5.(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years(long)than non-runners.6.(2018浙江卷)The obvious one is money;eating out once or twice a week may be affordable but doing this most days
12、 adds up.There could be an even(high)cost on your health.higherlongerhigher7.(2017全国卷)Even(bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.8.(2017浙江卷)Sixteen years(early),Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.When she wanted to put the ring back on later,it was gone.worseearlier形
13、容词、副词的最高级9.(2020全国卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像)done so he called all great artists to come and present their(fine)work,so that he could choose the best.10.(2018全国卷)Unexpectedly,Im face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at the top of her lungs.That makes her baby sc
14、ream,and then a 400-pound male appears.He screams the(loud)of all.finestloudest【用法点拨】形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则变化单音节词一般情况下直接加-er和-est,例如:smallsmallersmallestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest以e结尾的单音节词和少数以-ble结尾的双音节词加-r和-st,例如:finefinerfinestableablerablest以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音字母的词,双写辅音字母后再加-er和-est,例如:thin
15、thinnerthinnesthothotterhottestbigbiggerbiggest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先把y变为i再加-er和-est,例如:happyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest多音节和部分双音节的形容词和副词,在原级前加more和most。例如:carefulmore carefulmost carefuldifficultmore difficultmost difficult不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittleless
16、leastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest三、词性转换【真题语境】名词转换为形容词1.(2021全国乙卷)Provide(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.2.(2021新高考全国卷)I told him how(harm)plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.3.(2021全国甲卷).we
17、stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their(day)routines.financialharmfuldaily4.(2020北京卷)Oliver says if youre(luck)enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking,ask them if you can join in when its possible.5.(2020全国卷)T
18、he(beauty)long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾)make fantastic decorations.6.(2020新高考全国卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries,(wealth)people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art.7.(2019全国卷)“.We are so proud of her.Its(wonder).”luckybeautifulwealthywonderful8.(2019全国
19、卷)They also shared with us many(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.9.(2018全国卷)Running is cheap,easy and its always _(energy).10.(2018全国卷)According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total(globe)fertilizer consumption.11.(2017全国卷)However,be(car
20、e)not to go to extremes.Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both,which is not good for the health.traditionalenergeticglobalcareful12.(2017全国卷)The Central London Railway was one of the most(success)of these new lines,and was opened in 1900.形容词转换为名词13.(2020全国卷)The far side of the moon is
21、 of particular _(interesting)to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山).14.(2020全国卷)Filled with(curious),the artist packed his bags and left.15.(2020新高考全国卷)Historical(accurate)is important but so is entertainment.successfulinterestcuriositycuriosity【用法点拨】名词转换为形容词的常见后缀-ialofficeofficial官
22、方的;societysocial社会的-almusicmusical音乐的;personpersonal私人的;nationnational国家的;educationeducational教育的;traditiontraditional传统的-yrainrainy多雨的;wealthwealthy 富裕的;sunsunny晴朗的;healthhealthy健康的-ful/-lesswonderwonderful极好的;beautybeautiful漂亮的;homehomeless无家可归的;meaningmeaningful有意义的/meaningless无意义的-aryrevolutionr
23、evolutionary革命的-able reasonreasonable有道理的;comfortcomfortable舒适的其他sciencescientific科学的;energyenergetic精力充沛的;foolfoolish愚蠢的形容词转换为名词的常见后缀-ityresponsibleresponsibility 责任;curiouscuriosity 好奇心-cyfluentfluency流利;privateprivacy 隐私;私密;accurateaccuracy精确;efficientefficiency 效率,功效-ness happyhappiness快乐;kindki
24、ndness友好-dom freefreedom自由;wisewisdom智慧-thtruetruth真相;warmwarmth温暖;widewidth宽度;deepdepth深(度);strongstrength力量;longlength 长度-tysafesafety 安全;cruelcruelty 残酷,残暴-yhonesthonesty诚实;difficultdifficulty困难-encedifferentdifference 不同(之处);silentsilence 寂静;patientpatience耐心;absentabsence 缺席;presentpresence 出席;
25、confidentconfidence 信心;convenientconvenience方便-ance importantimportance 重要(性)(二)动词与名词间的转换【真题语境】动词转换为名词1.(2021全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism.and often provides money for conservation and benefits the(develop)of the local areas.2.(2021新高考全国卷)A company(represent)wrote back and told me th
26、e airline was switching over the plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.developmentrepresentative3.(2021浙江卷)In 1844 they bought it for$1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,who performed their(marry)ceremony in 1842.4.(2020全国卷)Chinese New Year is a(celebrate)marking the end of th
27、e winter season and the beginning of spring.5.(2019全国卷)When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.6.(2019全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings
28、around human settlements,leading to a(believe)that populations are increasing.marriagecelebrationcompetitionbelief7.(2018全国卷)This switch has decreased(pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.8.(2018浙江卷)Researchers have found that there is a direct
29、link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in(weigh)problems.9.(2017全国卷)This development was only possible with the_(introduce)of electric-powered engines and lifts.10.(2017全国卷)She is determined to carry on with her _(educate).pollutionweightintroductioneducation名词转换为动词11.
30、(2018全国卷)To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.strengthen【用法点拨】动词转换为名词的后缀-mentmovemovement移动;pavepavement人行道;disappointdisappointment 失望;argueargument 辩论,论据;achieveachievement 成就;developdevelopment 发展-agem
31、arrymarriage婚姻;storestorage短缺-ion/-tion/-ation/-itioninventinvention发明;communicatecommunication交流;associateassociation关联;translatetranslation翻译;expect expectation 期待,期望;explain explanation 解释;addaddition添加,加法-urefailfailure 失败,没做到;presspressure 压力;mixmixture 混合,混合物;departdeparture离开,出发-ance/-enceapp
32、earappearance 出现,外貌;preferpreference 偏爱;guideguidance 指引,指导;referreference 参考,查阅;performperformance 表演,节目;existexistence 存在,生存-alapprove approval 赞成;arrivearrival到达;survive survival 幸存-s(s)iondiscuss discussion 讨论;decidedecision 决定-inghear hearing 听力,听觉;begin beginning 开始部分;swimswimming游泳-yrecover r
33、ecovery恢复,痊愈;discover discovery发现其他believebelief信仰;behavebehavior行为;knowknowledge知识;begbeggar乞丐(三)形容词转换为副词【真题语境】1.(2021新高考全国卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will(undoubted)help you get refreshed!2.(2020全国卷)Landing on the moons far side is(extr
34、eme)challenging.3.(2020全国卷)Chinese love their“Lucky Bamboo”plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.(certain)during the holiday period,this plant is a must.undoubtedlyextremelyCertainly4.(2020全国卷)As the small boat moved,(gentle)along the river he was left speechless by the mount
35、ains being silently reflected in the water.5.(2019全国卷)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been(poor)studied.6.(2019全国卷)Her years of hard work have(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman of the Year.7.(2019
36、全国卷)They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were(huge)popular with tourists.gentlypoorlyfinallyhugely8.(2018全国卷)A taste for meat is(actual)behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.9.(2017全国卷)Steam engines were used to pull t
37、he carriages and it must have been(fair)unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.10.(2017全国卷)It is(certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.actuallyfairlycertainly【用法点拨】1.形容词转换为副词的规则一般情况下形容词后直接加-ly,例如:quickquickly;apparentapparently;eventualeventually以辅音字母加y结尾的,一般把y变为i再加-ly
38、,例如:luckyluckily;happyhappily以字母le结尾的,一般去e加-y,例如:simplesimply;horriblehorribly以ll结尾的,直接加-y,例如:fullfully以ic结尾的,加-ally,例如:basicbasically有些单词的形容词和副词同形,例如:hard,fast,early,late2.形容词转换为副词的常见后缀-lyhappyhappily快乐地;strangestrangely奇怪地;gentlegently轻轻地;truetruly真实地;extremeextremely极度地-ward(s)backbackward(s)向后;h
39、omehomeward(s)向家;easteastward(s)往东-wiseclockclockwise顺时针方向的其他副词foremost 首先northwest向西北best 最好sooner更快地later后来【名师点睛】以-ly结尾不一定是副词,也可能是形容词,如:friendly友好的;yearly 每年的;lovely可爱的;lonely孤单的;likely 可能发生的(四)动词转换为形容词【真题语境】1.(2021全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to bec
40、ome(educate)about the areasboth in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics.2.(2021新高考全国卷)Strange,isnt it?But thats how nature isalways leaving us(astonish).3.I was so(excite)when he wrote back to me.educatedastonishedexcited4.(2018浙江卷)The obvious one is money;eating out once or
41、 twice a week may be(afford)but doing this most days adds up.5.(2017浙江卷)But something made her look closer,and she noticed a(shine)object.affordableshiny/shining【用法点拨】动词转换为形容词-edexcite excited感到兴奋的;surprisesurprised感到吃惊的-ingamazeamazing令人惊奇的;interestinteresting令人感兴趣的-able eateatable可食用的;affordafford
42、able负担得起的-fulforgetforgetful健忘的-ysticksticky黏的;shineshiny发光的-tive attractattractive吸引人的;preventpreventive预防的(五)基数词转换为序数词【真题语境】(2021新高考全国卷)Ive always loved the ocean.In the(seven)grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.seventh【用法点拨】序数词一般由基数词加-th构成。以y结尾的基数词变序数词,先把y变为i,再
43、加-eth。例如:the twentieth/fiftieth。不规则的序数词有以下几个:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the,但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一”“又一”时,要用不定冠词。测效果 课堂评价一、练时鲜单句语法填空1.The(popular)of Chinese-owned video-sharing service TikTok(抖音)continues to grow among young people.2.The bikes are popular among many Chinese pe
44、ople as they provide an(effect)solution in places where its difficult to change from one kind of transport to another.3.The use of AI technology provides a(broad)platform and stronger knowledge support for cultural relics among young people.popularityeffectivebroader4.By monitoring your energy use a
45、nd(automatic)turning off lights and other devices that youre not using,smartphones can lower much electricity you use overall.5.But now,in the age of the Internet and social media,anyone with an Internet(connect)can enjoy a social eating event.automaticallyconnection二、练模拟单句语法填空1.(2021安徽黄山二模)Governme
46、nts at all levels keep an open and encouraging attitude toward the development of the digital economy and much(active)cooperate with digital companies to better identify and help the poor.2.(2021山东烟台一模)The area contains a forest that has turned into a peaceful and(harmony)world for both people and b
47、irds.3.(2021山东菏泽一模)For example,most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them(pretty)than before.activelyharmoniousprettier4.(2021广东联考)In the 1840s,the(invent)of the railway allowed a wider range of people to visit the beach,as it was a cheaper way to travel than before.5.(2021
48、山西太原模拟)Mental health problems can range from tiredness and eating disorders to depression and(anxious).6.(2021山东济南模考)The brothers understand that robotics takes(patient)and lots of time.7.(2021安徽合肥二模)Drawing upon the grape-cultivation and wine-making practices of European chateaux,China produced fif
49、teen(variety)of brandy,red wine and white wine.inventionanxietypatiencevarieties8.(2021山东济宁一模)There is no denying that all of these achievements make our travel convenient and(rely),especially during“Chunyun”.9.(2021湖北武汉质检)Last year a bunch of courageous scientists and Sherpas installed(安装)the world
50、s(high)weather station at 8,430 metres,just 400 metres short of Qomolangmas summit(顶点).10.(2021山东潍坊一模)“With these numbers increasing(sharp),its not surprising that youre seeing them in some unusual places,”says Browna biologist,“including the Hudson River and Staten Island.”reliablehighestsharply三、练
51、语篇语篇填空A total of 12 people have been killed in the torrential(如激流的)rains in the downtown area of Zhengzhou,the provincial capital of 1.(center)Chinas Henan Province,the local 2.(govern)said.The accumulated rainfall reached 449 mm on average in Zhengzhou from 6 pm Sunday to midnight Tuesday.Heavy rai
52、ns in Henan are expected to last until Wednesday night,according to forecasts.centralgovernmentHeavy rainfall has raised the emergency 3.(respond)for meteorological disasters to level I,the 4.(high)level in a four-tier system,on Tuesday.The 5.(nation)Meteorological Center said 6.(hour)precipitation(
53、降水)between 4 pm and 5 pm reached 201.9 millimeters.Water levels at 16 large and medium-sized reservoirs have risen above alert levels 7.(short)after the rains.More than 144,000 8.(resident)have been affected in Henan Province since Friday,and 10,152 have been relocated to safe places.responsehighest
54、NationalhourlyshortlyresidentsThough flooding during the summer months is an annual 9.(occur)in parts of China,recent record-breaking rains have alarmed scientists and officials,raising questions as to whether we should be prepared to deal with more extreme and 10.(unpredict)weather amplified by climate change.occurenceunpredictable
