1、四十一 选择性必修 第四册 Unit 5Into the unknown(限时35分钟).阅读理解A(2021济南模拟)A team of farmers,university researchers and environmentalists is busy at work in the wetlands of eastern England.They are digging into the areas wheat fields,looking for wet earth that could hide lost ponds underneath.It takes the group of
2、 diggers just a few hours to revive(使复活)one dying pond.Its near Hindolveston,a thousand-year-old village close to the North Sea.“As soon as the buried ponds get water and light,they just spring to life,”says Nick Anema,a farmer in nearby Dereham.Hes brought seven ponds on his farm back to life.“Frog
3、s and all the insects like dragonflies can be seen here again,”he said.But the battle for the wetlands is a struggle.While efforts to stop losses are continuing,wetlands around the world are still being filled in and covered up.Over the past three centuries,almost 90%of the worlds wetlands have disa
4、ppeared.The loss rate has increased since the 1970s,with wetlands now disappearing three times faster than the worlds forests.Some 5,000 wetland dependent animal species could die out because of such losses.Wetland loss can also affect human beings.Wetlands act as natural storage areas for water.Los
5、ing those areas could lead to more severe flooding in many parts of the world.And the act of removing water from wetlands can release huge amounts of carbon dioxide,a major contributor to climate change.Human-made wetlands,however,arent decreasing in number.Rice fields,water reservoirs and agricultu
6、ral stock ponds have all increased since the 1970s.Yet scientists are concerned about this phenomenon.“People brag(自夸)about the fact that theres been no net loss(净 损 失)of wetlands.But what theyve done is destroying natural wetlands and creating artificial ones,”says Stuart Pimm,a Duke University pro
7、fessor.“It makes it look like youre doing no harm when the reality is very different.”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了湿地具有多种功能:保护生物多样性、调节径流、改善水质、调节气候以及提供食物及工业原料等,被称作“地球之肾”。然而,天然湿地面积逐年都在减少,因此,拯救湿地迫在眉睫。1.Whats the teams work in eastern England intended for?A.Digging wet earth for research.B.Researching into an ol
8、d village.C.Bringing dying ponds back to life.D.Finding wetlands created by people.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“They are digging into the areas wheat fields,looking for wet earth that could hide lost ponds underneath.It takes the group of diggers just a few hours to revive one dying pond.”可知,那群人正在努力地拯救湿地,
9、恢复垂死的池塘的生机。2.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A.Various functions of wetlands.B.Serious consequences of wetland loss.C.Wetlands key role in climate change.D.Wetlands importance to living things.【解析】选B。段落大意题。文章第四段说到“大约5 000种依赖湿地生存的动物物种可能因为湿地丧失而灭绝。湿地的丧失也会影响到人类。湿地是水资源的天然储存区。失去这些地区可能导致世界许多地区发生更严重
10、的洪灾。并且从湿地中抽水的行为会释放出大量的二氧化碳,这是造成气候变化的一个主要因素”。据此可以推断,本段主要是介绍湿地丧失的严重后果。3.Which of the following reflects Stuart Pimms opinion?A.Artificial wetlands cant replace natural ones.B.Creating artificial wetlands upsets the balance of nature.C.Keeping the total number of various kinds of wetlands is important.
11、D.Its important to balance the numbers of natural wetlands and artificial ones.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Stuart Pimm说的“But what theyve done is destroying natural wetlands and creating artificial ones.It makes it look like youre doing no harm when the reality is very different.可以推断,Stuart Pimm认为人造湿地是不可能代
12、替天然湿地的。4.What can be the best title for the text?A.Seeking for More WetlandsB.Saving the Worlds WetlandsC.Causes of Wetlands DisappearanceD.Natural Wetlands Vs.Artificial Wetlands【解析】选B。主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是根据文章前三段内容可知,本文主要是介绍湿地的重要性以及人们为了拯救湿地所做的努力等,因此B项“拯救世界湿地”为本文的最佳标题。B(2021襄阳模拟)If Confucius(孔子)were still
13、alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake,there would be a lot of candles.Hed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day,few people in the United States will give him a passing thought.Its
14、 nothing personal.Most Americans dont even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.But this doesnt mean that Americans dont care about Confucius.In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.In the past two decades,th
15、e Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities.More recently,the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries.These schools teach both Chinese language and culture.The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art,history
16、and philosophy(哲学).Some social scientists suggest that Westernersshould take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy.Students in the United States,at the same time,are racing to learn Chinese.So they will be ready for life in a world where China is
17、an equal power with the United States.Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well.Today China attracts the West more than ever,and it will need more teachers to introduce Confuc
18、ius and Chinese culture to the West.As for the old thinker,he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West,even if his birthday is.【文章大意】文章是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了外国人对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓,对于孔子的思想也越来越感兴趣这一社会现象。5.The opening paragraph is mainly intended to_.A.provide some key facts about ConfuciusB.attract the reader
19、s interest in the subjectC.show great respect for the ancient thinkerD.prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations【解析】选B。写作意图题,根据第一段“If Confucius were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake,”如果孔子还活着的话,将会用大蛋糕庆祝他的生日,可以推出其目的是吸引读者的兴趣。6.We can learn from
20、Paragraph 4 that American students_.A.have a great interest in studying ChineseB.take an active part in Chinese competitionsC.try to get high scores in Chinese examsD.fight for a chance to learn Chinese【解析】选A。推理判断题,根据第四段“Students in the United States,at the same time,are racing to learn Chinese.”与此同
21、时,美国的学生也在竞相学习中文。可以推出美国学生对学习汉语有很大的兴趣。7.What is the best title for the passage?A.Forgotten Wisdom in AmericaB.Huge Fans of the Chinese LanguageC.Chinese Culture for WesternersD.Old Thinker with a Big Future【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是根据最后三段“So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well.Today China attra
22、cts the West more than ever,and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.As for the old thinker,he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West,even if his birthday is.”可知,短文的最佳标题为“有远大前途的老思想家”。8.The passage is likely to appear in_.A.a biographyB.a history
23、 paperC.a newspaperD.a philosophy textbook【解析】选C。推理判断题。本文主要讲述了外国人对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓,对于孔子的思想也越来越感兴趣。根据此判断出短文很有可能是新闻报道的内容。.阅读填句(2021黄冈模拟)How to Active Brain Cells Scientists used to think that your brain stopped growing new cells once you reached adulthood.Happily,current research shows that it isnt true!As
24、 you get older,you can continue to grow new brain cells.Get regular aerobic(有氧的)exercise.Research shows that regular aerobic exercise over a long period of time can better stimulate brain cell growth than other forms of exercise.Add aerobic activities,such as swimming,power walking,or jogging,into y
25、our regular routine.1Do stress-relieving activities.Activities that reduce stress and give you a sense of wellbeing can encourage the growth of new brain cells.2You can do some yoga,read your favorite book,or listen to relaxing music.3Antioxidant-rich foods can prevent damage to your current brain c
26、ells and promote the growth of new,healthy cells.Omega-3 fatty acids may also help improve your brain health.Add plenty of brain-boosting foods into your diet,such as vegetable oils,nuts,green tea,blueberries and fatty fish.Maintain an active social life.4Its also good for your brain.Socializing hel
27、ps keep your brain cells active,preventing some of the loss of brain function.If you cant socialize in person,reach out to your friends over the phone or on social media.Get plenty of good-quality life.If youre an adult,try to get 79 hours of sleep each night.If youre a teen,aim for 810 hours.Your b
28、rain heals itself from the days stresses while you sleep.5You can improve your sleep by going to bed and waking up at the same time every day.A.Spending time with friends isnt just enjoyable.B.Eat foods rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids.C.Any kind of head injury may put you at risk for br
29、ain damage.D.Try to do things that bring you pleasure and help you relax every day.E.For example,you might aim for 30 minutes of jogging a day,5 days a week.F.Fortunately,there are treatments that can help you restore your brains health.G.It also processes information you picked up during the day,he
30、lping you to learn and preserve new memories.【文章大意】本文是说明文。研究表明随着年龄的增长,大脑可以继续生长新的脑细胞。文中给了一些促进脑细胞生长的建议。1.【解析】选E。本段建议进行有规律的有氧运动,长时间有规律的有氧运动比其他形式的运动更能刺激脑细胞的生长。上句提到在日常生活中增加一些有氧运动,如游泳、快走或慢跑。E项是对上句运动的具体实施建议。2.【解析】选D。本段建议做减压活动。上句提到减轻压力,给你带来幸福感的活动可以促进新的脑细胞生长。D项与上句承接,且选项中的bring you pleasure和原文中的give you a sen
31、se of wellbeing意思一致,help you relax和原文中reduce stress意思一致。3.【解析】选B。本空是主题句。下文提到富含抗氧化剂的食物可以防止损害你现有的脑细胞,促进新的健康细胞的生长。omega-3脂肪酸也可以帮助改善你的大脑健康。建议我们多食用富含这些物质的食物。4.【解析】选A。本段建议我们保持积极的社交生活,下文应该介绍保持积极社交生活的好处。下句说明这对你的大脑也有好处,根据also可知空处应该说明对其他方面的好处。A项表达了此意,与下句并列。5.【解析】选G。本段建议我们享受高质量的生活。上句提到当睡觉时,你的大脑会从白天的压力中恢复过来,说明了
32、睡眠对大脑的好处之一,G项与上句并列,说明了睡眠对大脑的另一好处。.应用文写作(2021南充模拟)假如你是李华,你远在英国的朋友Smith从网上得知移动支付改变了中国人的生活方式。他想了解一些更详细的移动支付的情况,请你根据下面要点提示,给Smith发一封电子邮件。要点:1.生活中的具体体现;2.好处。要求:词数80个左右。参考词汇:移动支付mobile paymentDear Smith,_Yours sincerely,Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Smith,Im Li Hua,a student in China.Knowing that you are eager to lear
33、n something more about Mobile Payment in China,I deeply welcome the opportunity to give you a brief introduction about it.As you know,Mobile Payment has been a tendency in China.On the one hand,its convenience as well as efficiency makes it possible for us to take with us only a mobile phone rather
34、than much cash,which saves us much time and trouble.On the other hand,Mobile Payment is widely used in our daily life,like paying bills,booking tickets and so on.In a word,Mobile Payment is used in nearly everything and has really changed our life.Kind regards.Yours sincerely,Li Hua【加固训练】完形填空(2021济南
35、模拟)A trip to a banks ATM machine is usually a common affair.But for Jose Nunez Romaniz,his 1on Sunday is one that he wont 2for the rest of his life.The 19-year-old college student was making a 3for Mothers Day online when he noticed his account balance(存款余额)was 4.So he drove to the nearest bank to d
36、eposit money.Little did he know that he was about to make an incredible 5.When he arrived,Jose noticed a plastic bag on the ground filled with cash,which turned out to be$135,000.“When I first saw it,I was very 6,not knowing what to do,”Jose told the New York Times.After taking a moment to 7himself,
37、Jose called the police.And the police soon discovered that the money had 8been left behind by a worker 9with refilling the ATM.Thinking that it is the biggest amount of money ever found and 10in Albuquerque history,the mayor and the police chief held a ceremony to honor Joses11.And,perhaps best of a
38、ll,the police chief invited Jose to 12a job as a public service aid for the department 13his graduation.For Jose,it was the best gift for Mothers Day.“Mother called me 14she almost started crying excitedly.She told me I did the right thing and that she was 15of what I did,”said Jose.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文
39、章讲述了一名19岁的青年Jose Nunez Romaniz准备在银行存款时,无意中发现了一个装着很多现金的塑料袋,他没有据为己有而是给警察打了电话的事。1.A.planB.experimentC.visitD.show【解析】选C。根据前文A trip to a banks.可知,此处指的是Jose周日的银行之行(visit)。2.A.enjoyB.forgetC.imagineD.face【解析】选B。根据后文Jose存款时的经历可知,Jose在存钱时意外捡到了一大笔钱,所以这成了他永远都不会忘记(forget)的经历。3.A.purchaseB.surveyC.wishD.decisio
40、n【解析】选A。根据后文for Mothers Day online可知Jose当时准备给妈妈买母亲节礼物。make a purchase表示“购物”。4.A.fullB.clearC.inaccurateD.low【解析】选D。根据后文So he drove to the nearest bank to deposit money.可知Jose因为账户余额不足(low),买不了礼物,所以才去存钱的。5.A.offerB.promiseC.profitD.discovery【解析】选D。根据下一段中When he arrived,Jose noticed a plastic bag on th
41、e ground filled with cash可知Jose后来在银行捡到了一大笔钱,所以此处指他即将有一个惊人发现(discovery),Jose之前毫不知情。6.A.shockedB.amusedC.excitedD.satisfied【解析】选A。根据后文not knowing what to do可知,Jose看到这么多钱后感到很吃惊(shocked)。7.A.teachB.disturbC.collectD.challenge【解析】选C。句意:Jose冷静了一会儿后,报了警。根据后文Jose called the police可知,过了一会儿后,Jose平静了下来。collect
42、在此意为“使(自己)镇定;使(思想)集中”。8.A.carefullyB.accidentallyC.deliberatelyD.nervously【解析】选B。根据前后文内容可知,这么一大笔钱应该是一位工作人员不小心(accidentally)遗失在那里的。9.A.continuedB.chargedC.armedD.tasked【解析】选D。结合后文with refilling the ATM可知这位工作人员是被派(tasked)去给自动取款机装现金的时候,不小心落下了这笔钱。10.A.returnedB.savedC.lostD.exchanged【解析】选A。结合上文可知Jose发现了
43、这笔钱,然后报了警,归还给了银行,所以是阿尔伯克基历史上发现和归还(returned)的最大数额的一笔钱。11.A.confidenceB.honestyC.braveryD.appreciation【解析】选B。根据上文内容可知Jose拾金不昧,所以应当是表扬他的诚实(honesty)。其他选项不符合语境。12.A.hold upB.adapt toC.wait forD.apply for【解析】选D。根据后文a job as a public service aid可知是指申请(apply for)一份公共服务助理的工作。13.A.althoughB.beforeC.afterD.until【解析】选C。根据前文19-year-old college student可知,此处应指在Jose大学毕业后(在之后)。14.A.orB.andC.soD.but【解析】选B。句意:妈妈打电话给我,她高兴得几乎哭了起来根据空格前后内容可知,两者表示顺承关系,应用连词and。15.A.proudB.considerateC.worthyD.sure【解析】选A。根据上文内容可知,Jose拾金不昧,所以妈妈在电话里告诉Jose说他做得对,她为他所做的感到骄傲(be proud of)。
