1、Section Discovering Useful Structures省 略一、简单句中的省略【观察思考】(You)Sit down,please.(你)请坐。(You)Dont stop here.(你)不要停在这儿。(I)Dont know.(我)不知道。(You come)This way,please.请(你)走这边。Are you thirsty?你口渴吗?Yes,I am(thirsty).是的,我是(口渴了)。【探究总结】(1)_句的主语通常省略。(2)口语中,在不影响句意的前提下,主谓、主语和部分谓语或者_也可省略。答案:(1)祈使(2)表语【应用实践】补全省略的部分。Ha
2、vent seen you for ages.havent seen you for ages.Sounds like a good idea.sounds like a good idea.IIt二、并列句中的省略【观察思考】She came back and(she)turned on the TV.她回来了,然后打开电视。I came at eight but Henry(came)at nine.我八点来,但是亨利九点来。The news made me angry,while(the news made)my sister happy.这个消息使我生气,然而却让我妹妹高兴。【探究总结
3、】在由并列连词 _、_、_等连接的并列句中,后面的分句中可以省略与前面分句中相同的成分,以避免重复。答案:and;but;while【应用实践】完成句子。吉米从自行车上跌了下来,但(他)没有受伤。Jimmy fell off his bike,but.彼得通过了考试,而比尔没有通过。Peter passed the test but.他的建议使约翰高兴,但却让玛丽生气。His suggestion made John happy,but.答案:wasnt hurtBill didntMary angry三、复合句中的省略1.宾语从句中的省略【观察思考】I think(that)it will
4、clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say goodbye to us.我认为今天下午会放晴,他们会来向我们告别的。I know he was late,but I dont know why(he was late).我知道他迟到了,但不知道原因。Do you think it will snow?你认为会下雪吗?I hope not.(I hope that it will not snow.)我希望不会。【探究总结】(1)在宾语从句中常省略连接词,但当有两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可以省略,而其他
5、的that常不可省略。(2)由、和_引导的宾语从句,可全部或部分省去,只保留引导词。(3)在用I think、I believe、I hope、I guess、Im afraid等作答的句子中,后面跟与分别等于肯定或否定,宾语从句可省略。答案:(1)that(2)which;when;where;how;why(3)so;not【应用实践】用省略结构改写下列句子。He will come back,but he doesnt say when he will come back.改写:_Shall we have a test tomorrow?I hope we wont have a te
6、st tomorrow.改写:Shall we have a test tomorrow?_答案:He will come back,but he doesnt say when.I hope not.2.状语从句中的省略【观察思考】When(the novel is)published,the novel will become one of the best-sellers of the year.那本小说出版的时候将会成为年度畅销书之一。If(you are)asked you may come in.如果被叫到,你就可以进来。Unless(it is)necessary,I will
7、not attend the lecture.除非必要,否则我不去听讲座了。【探究总结】在when、while、though、as if、unless、if引导的状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it,并且从句谓语中含有be,可将从句的和省略。be主语【应用实践】完成句子。放烟花时你要小心。You should be careful _ _ _ fireworks.答案:when setting off必要时我会向你求助。,I will turn to you for help.除非修理,否则这台机器是没有用的。,the machine is of no use.答案:W
8、hen necessary Unless repaired3.定语从句中的省略【观察思考】Heres the man(whom)youve been looking for.这位就是你一直在找的人。Hes the man(who/that)you can safely depend on.他是你能放心信赖的人。There are many plays(that)Id like to see.有很多话剧我想看。We dont like the way(that/in which)he does the job.我们不喜欢他工作的方式。【探究总结】(1)在限制性定语从句中,当关系代词在定语从句中作
9、_ 且前面无介词时,这个关系代词可以省略。(2)先行词为the way,且关系词在定语从句中作状语时,定语从句的引导词用_或 _ 也可_关系词。答案:(1)宾语(2)that;in which;省略【应用实践】完成句子。这是他所看过的电影中最差的一部。This is the worst film.他解决这道题的方法很有创造性。The way is very creative.答案:he has ever seenhe solved the problem四、不定式的省略【观察思考】Would you like to go swimming with us?你想和我们一起去游泳吗?Well,Id
10、 like to(go swimming with you).好,我愿意。I heard that you would go to Dalian for your holiday.我听说你要去大连度假。I planned to(go to Dalian),but I have some important business to deal with.我原计划去的,但有重要的事情要处理。He didnt come,but he ought to have(come).他没来,但他应该来。I told him to sit down and(to)wait for a moment.我告诉他坐下等
11、一会儿。I saw the boy fall from the tree.我看见这个男孩从树上掉下来。The boy did nothing but play.这个男孩除了玩什么都没干。All we can do now is(to)wait.我们现在所能做的就是等。【探究总结】(1)不定式的省略:使用来代替不定式后被省略的动词,常在be afraid、expect、forget、hope、like、want 等的后边。在某些形容词如glad、happy、pleased、delighted、surprised的后面常省略动词不定式中的与前面重复的内容,只保留动词不定式符号to。如果动词不定式中
12、含有be、have(完成时中的助动词)和have been时,通常要保留它们。(2)不定式符号to的省略:并列的不定式可省去后面的。某些使役动词(let、make、have)及感官动词(see、watch、hear、notice、observe等)后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带,但在语态中不定式短语作主语补足语,必须带to。介词but前若有实义动词,后面的不定式不带 to。主语从句中有实义动词do,后面作的不定式的 to可带可不带。答案:(1)不定式符号to(2)toto;被动 do表语【应用实践】(1)用省略结构改写句子。Hasnt he finished writing the report?No,but he ought to have finished writing the report.改写:Hasnt he finished writing the report?No,but he.(2)完成句子。你要同我们一道去吗?Will you join us?ought to have我愿意。I would.love to
