1、Unit 4 Friends forever必备词汇速记【重点单词快速记】acquire v.获得,得到prove v.证明,证实digital adj.数字的,数码的site n.网站goods n.商品click v.点击(鼠标)update n.最新消息maintain v.保持,维持adventure n.历险(经历),奇遇tend v.易于做某事,往往会发生某事teenager n.青少年,十几岁的孩子(13到19岁之间的孩子)scenen.场景locationn.地点,位置qualityn.素质,品德partnern.伙伴,搭档diagramn.图解,示意图personalityn
2、.个性,性格anxiousadj.焦虑的,不安的ordinaryadj.普通的,平常的postponev.使(事件、行动等)延期,推迟inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的,启发灵感的distancev.使与保持距离,撇清和的关系【拓展单词联想记】date n.日期update n.最新消息prefer vt.更喜欢preference n.偏爱;爱好crime n.罪行,犯罪活动criminal n.罪犯deliver v.递送,传送delivery n.交付,递送familiar adj.熟悉的unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的able adj.有能力的,能干的enable v.使可能,
3、使发生advance n.进步,进展advanced adj.先进的,高级的illustrate v.(举例)说明,阐明illustration n.说明,插图significant adj.重大的significantly adv.重大地,显著地significance n.意义,重要性usual adj.通常的,惯例的,平常的unusual adj.异常的,不平常的usually adv.通常【重点短语高效记】keep/bear.in mind 记住be ashamed of.为感到羞耻be anxious about 为担心/忧虑have patience with 对有耐心stay i
4、n touch with 与保持联系lose track of不了解的情况,不了解的动态thanks to归功于,多亏make ones fortune发财throw the baby out with the bathwater不分良莠一起抛弃turn up(意外地或终于)出现ought to 应该,应当核心词汇探究Period 1Starting out&Understanding ideasNO.1 familiar adj.熟悉的【教材语境】With no familiar faces in view.(P37)看不到熟悉的面孔。【语块归纳】(1)sb.be familiar with
5、.某人熟悉(主动).be familiar to sb.为某人所熟悉(被动)(2)unfamiliar adj.陌生的,不熟悉的【语境助记】I am familiar with his book and look forward to hearing his views on this novel.我熟悉他的作品,并期待他能就这部小说发表自己的见解。Its a theme that has become increasingly familiar to students.这是学生越来越熟悉的一个主题。The course is designed for students who are unf
6、amiliar with computers.这门课程是为不熟悉计算机的学生设计的。【链接高考】(2020江苏高考)Today,they are once again a familiar sight,playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.今天,他们再次成为人们熟悉的景象,扮演的角色对社区的重要性往往不亚于他们最初的目的。NO.2 prefer v.更喜欢;选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)【教材语境】How do you prefer to commun
7、icate with friends every day?(P38)你每天更喜欢如何与朋友交流?【语块归纳】(1)prefer(sb.)to do sth.更喜欢(某人)做prefer(doing)sth.to(doing)sth.宁愿(做)某事也不愿(做)某事prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.=would rather do sth.than do sth.宁可也不prefer that.(should)do sth.宁愿(2)preference n.偏爱;爱好have a preference for偏爱;爱好【语境助记】I prefer going
8、 to the cinema to watching TV.我更喜欢看电影而不是看电视。I would prefer that you did not mention my name.我希望你不要说出我的名字。A polar bear has a preference for cold weather.北极熊喜欢寒冷的天气。NO.3 deliver v.递送,传送;接生;生(小孩儿);发表(演说等)【教材语境】What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages
9、to be delivered?(P38)倘若从远方朋友那里得到消息的唯一途径是写信,而这封信需要很长时间才会送达,这会怎样呢?【语块归纳】(1)deliver.to.把传送给deliver a speech发表演讲/致辞be deliver of(=give birth to)分娩,生(2)deliveryn.递送【语境助记】The doctor delivered the twins safely last night.昨天晚上那位医生安全地接生了一对孪生儿。The store is more than happy to deliver goods to your home.本商店很乐意为
10、您送货上门。As long as youve paid in advance we wont charge you for delivery.只要你预先付款,我们就不收你的送货费。Our headmaster delivered a long inspiring speech yesterday.我们校长昨天发表了一篇鼓舞人心的长篇演说。NO.4 tend vt.照料,照顾;护理;照管,管理;vi.倾向(于),趋向(于);伺候,招待;关心;注意;易于做某事,往往会发生某事【教材语境】On social media sites,people tend to post only positive
11、updates that make them appear happy and friendly.(P39)在社交媒体网站上,人们往往只会将正面的最新信息展现出来,让他们看起来很快乐、很友好。【语块归纳】(1)tend to do sth.趋向做某事tend(to).照顾/护理/看护tend towards倾向,有助于(2)tendency n.趋向;倾向have a tendency to do sth.倾向于做;喜欢做【语境助记】Opportunities and success tend to be in favour of those who are ready.机遇和成功往往青睐于那
12、些有准备的人。His views tend towards the extreme.他的观点趋于极端。Ambulance crews were tending to the injured.救护车上的救护人员在照料受伤者。I have a tendency to talk too much when Im nervous.我紧张时总爱唠叨。【链接高考】(2020全国卷)However,boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls.然而,男孩往往比女孩玩更复杂的谜题。NO.5 prove v.证明,证实【教材语境】To prov
13、e that making friends was easier in the past.(P40)为了证明过去交友更容易。【语块归纳】(1)prove sth.to sb.向某人证明某事prove that-clause证明prove n./to be结果是;证明是(2)proofn.证据【语境助记】Just give me a chance and Ill prove it to you.只要给我个机会,我会证明给你看。The promotion proved to be a turning point in his career.这次提升证明是他职业生涯的一个转折点。【链接高考】(202
14、0江苏高考)He proved that its not what happens to us that determines our livesits what we make of what happens.他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活,而是我们如何看待发生的事情。Period 2Using languageNO.1 anxious adj.焦虑的;不安的;渴望的【教材语境】the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry(P42)在没有变得焦虑或愤怒的情况下等待的能力【语块归纳】(1)be anxious a
15、bout sth.为某事担忧be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事be anxious for sth.渴望(得到)某物be anxious that.渴望(2)anxiouslyadv.焦虑地;不安地;渴望地anxietyn.焦虑,不安with anxiety焦虑地【语境助记】Jack still cant help being anxious about his job interview.杰克还是不由自主地担心他的工作面试。We are anxious to know the results of the important exam.我们急于知道这次重要考试的成绩。It
16、is reported that the whole country is anxious for peace.据报道,整个国家都渴望和平。Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.我焦急地躺在床上,梦想着我能在这座神奇的山顶上找到什么。【链接高考】(2019全国卷)Theres tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.尼克和艾米为了赢得你
17、的信任,从一开始就充满了紧张和焦虑。NO.2 distance v.使与保持距离,撇清和的关系 n.距离,间隔,远处【教材语境】to distance yourself from the suggestion(P43)使你自己远离这个建议【语块归纳】(1)distance oneself/sb./sth.(from sb./sth.)与保持距离/疏远(2)in the distance在远处at/from a distance稍远处;隔一段距离;从远处;相距遥远at a distance of在的距离keep ones distance from 与保持距离(3)distant adj.遥远的
18、【名师点津】对distance“距离”提问应用what。【语境助记】You can see the ancient ruins in the distance.你在远处可以看到古代的废墟。The picture looks better at a distance.那幅画隔一段距离看起来更好。When driving,you must keep your distance from the car ahead of yours.开车的时候,你一定要和你前面的车保持一定距离。【链接高考】(2020全国卷)Glowing plants could reduce this distance and
19、therefore help save energy.发光的植物可以缩短这段距离,因此有助于节约能源。Period 3Developing ideasNO.1 fortune n.大笔的钱,巨款;命运;运气【教材语境】The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune.(P44)第二天早上,我打算离开去西部发财。【语块归纳】(1)make a/ones fortune发财have the good/bad fortune to do.有幸/不幸做try ones fortune 碰运气(2)fortunateadj.幸
20、运的be fortunate to do sth.有幸/幸运地做某事It is fortunate that.幸运的是(3)unfortunateadj.不幸的fortunatelyadv.幸运地unfortunatelyadv.不幸地【语境助记】The fortune sets him free from financial worries.这笔钱使他不用为经济问题担忧。These two brothers decided to go to big cities to try their fortune.这两兄弟决定去大城市碰碰运气。To be honest,youll make a for
21、tune out of the investment.说实话,你会从这笔投资中发财的。I have the good fortune to work with some brilliant directors.我有幸与一些卓越的主管共事。NO.2 turn up 出现;到场;开大/调高音量【教材语境】I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight,and its worth it if my old partner turns up.(P45)我今晚从千里之外赶到这扇门里,如果我的老搭档出现了,这是值得的。【语块归纳】turn dow
22、n 调小;拒绝turn into 变成turn out 证明是;结果是;关掉,熄灭(电灯、煤气等)turn to 转向;求助于;翻到turn in 上交;使自首;返还【语境助记】The question is whether that man will turn up on time.问题是那个人是否会按时出现。I cant hear the radio very well;could you turn it up a bit?收音机我听不清楚,你把它开大一点行吗?Why did she turn down your invitation?她为什么谢绝你的邀请?It turns out rig
23、ht that water turns into ice in such cold weather.事实证明,水会在这么寒冷的天气中变成冰。NO.3 strike(struck,struck;striking)vt.划(火柴);敲,报时;撞击,碰撞;打,击;(灾难、疾病)侵袭,爆发;给印象;打动,把迷住;突然想到;罢工【教材语境】When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the man wanted in Chicago.(P46)当你划火柴点烟的时候,我看出了你就是芝加哥警方在通缉的那个人。【
24、语块归纳】(1)strike sb.+介词+the+身体部位 击打某人某处be struck by被打动sth.strikes sb.某人突然想到(2)It strikes sb.that/how/what/.某人突然想到(3)be on strike在罢工go on strike举行罢工(4)striking adj.显著的;引人注目的;标致的;妩媚动人的;【语境助记】She struck him in the face.她掴了他一记耳光。The child ran into the road and was nearly struck by a car.孩子跑到公路上,差点被车撞了。It
25、strikes me that nobody is really in favour of the changes.我觉得没人真正赞成这些变动。【链接高考】(2020江苏高考)The overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.过去几十年的总体发展是如此惊人,以至于他们渴望熟悉中国正在发生的事情。NO.4 appointed adj.约定的,指定的【教材语境】
26、I was at the appointed place on time.(P46)我按时到达了约定的地方。【语块归纳】(1)appointvt.任命;委派;安排,约定(时间、地点);appoint sb.as/to be.任命某人为appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事(2)appointmentn.约会;约定,预约;委任make/have an appointment with sb.与某人约会/预约keep/break an appointment恪守约定/未赴约【语境助记】I have decided to appoint you as/to be vice mana
27、ger of the company.我已经决定任命你为公司副经理。The director appointed him to look into those complaints.主任委派他去调查那些投诉。Tom had made an appointment with the manager a week ago.Tom arrived at the appointed place,while the manager broke the appointment for some reason.Later,Tom was appointed as manager.汤姆一周前和经理约好了。汤姆
28、到了约定的地方,而经理因故未赴约。后来,汤姆被任命为经理。【链接高考】(2019全国卷)The man tells Jane to postpone his appointment.那个人告诉简推迟他的约会。疑难句式破解【高频句式】句式 have sth.done让/叫/使/请别人做某事【教材语境】We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made,whatever they were going to be.(P44)我们认为二十年后,我们俩
29、应该有各自的命运,也应该各自都发了财,不管它们将会是什么。【句式解构】have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made是“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,our destiny与work out为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词。(1)该结构中,have为使役动词,sth.为宾语,过去分词作宾语补足语,表示被动的含义,宾语sth.与done 之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。(2)该结构的意思是“使某事被做”,可能是主语自己做,也可能是让别人做。此时have可用get替换。(3)有时它还可表示“遭遇/经历某种不幸的事(此事违背主语的意愿)”。【语境助
30、记】He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。The machine is out of order.I must have it repaired.机器出故障了,我必须找人修理一下。You had one of your teeth pulled out yesterday,didnt you?昨天你拔掉了一颗牙,是不是?I must have the work finished before Sunday.我一定要在周日前完成这项工作。【长难句分析】难句1 Whatever our hobbies,the Internet
31、can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them,even if they live on the other side of the world.(P39)【深度分析】本句为复合句。主句是the Internet can connect us with others;who also enjoy doing them是定语从句,修饰先行词others;even if they live on the other side of the world是让步状语从句。【参考译文】不管我们的爱好是什么,我们都能在网上结识有相同爱好的人,即使他们
32、住在世界的另一端。难句2 Well,we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time,no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.(P44)【深度分析】本句为复合句,that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time为宾语从句;no ma
33、tter what引导让步状语从句。【参考译文】那天夜里我们约好:20年后同一日期、同一时间,我们还来这里会面,不管我们的境况如何,不管我们要从多远的地方来。难句3 We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made,whatever they were going to be.(P44)【深度分析】本句为复合句,that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked o
34、ut and our fortunes made为宾语从句,whatever they were going to be为whatever引导的让步状语从句。【参考译文】我们当时认为,二十年后,我们俩应该有各自的命运,也应该各自都发了财,不管它们将会是什么。定语从句(I)正确使用关系代词 在复合句中起定语作用,修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句,并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种,关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等;关系副词有
35、when,where,why等。语法精讲突破一、关系代词的用法1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。The number of people who were killed in the accident was over 100.在那次事故中丧生的人数超过了100。He is the man who I met yesterday.他就是我昨天遇见的那个人。2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,常可省略。The boy(whom)the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。注意:(1)关系代词whom在口语或非
36、正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。The boy(who/whom/that)we saw yesterday was Johns brother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时,用whom,不用who。The man to whom you spoke just now is a relative of mine.刚才和你说话的人是我的一个亲戚。3.which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。The gold medal(which)she won has been given to her old school.她获得的
37、那枚金牌已经被送给她的母校了。4.that既可以指人,相当于who或whom;也可以指物,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。The woman(that)I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.我在报纸上读过那位女士的相关报道,她刚刚赢得了一枚金牌。The report(that)Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.特纳先生递交的报告是关于汽车比赛的。注意:(1)宜用that不宜用which的情况当先行词是all,little,much,som
38、ething,anything,everything,nothing,some等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做完了。当先行词被all,every,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,the right,the last,just等修饰时。Music is the only thing that interests me.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most interesting story tha
39、t I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。当先行词中既有人又有物时。She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。当主语是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which are the books that you bought for me?哪些是你买给我的书?(2)宜用which不宜用that的情况关系代词前有介词时。The house in which I used to live has become a s
40、hoe shop.我过去住的房子现在已经变成了一家鞋店。在非限制性定语从句中。Have you ever read the book,which was written by a young girl?你读过这本由一个年轻女孩写的书吗?(3)宜用who不宜用that的情况当先行词是指人的不定代词时,如one,ones,anyone。Anyone who does that must be mad.谁那样做都一定是疯了。当先行词是I,you,he,they等人称代词时(常用于谚语中)。He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长
41、城非好汉。当先行词为指人的those时。Those who have good manners will be highly respected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。在there be结构中,先行词指人时。There is a young man who wants to see you.有一个年轻人想见你。5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语。This is the person whose story surprised everybody.就是这个人的故事让所有人感到吃惊。The classroom whose door is broken can hol
42、d 40 students.那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳40个学生。二、使用定语从句的注意事项1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的单复数保持一致。The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。注意:“one of+复数名词”作先行词,谓语动词用复数形式;“the only one of+复数名词”作先行词,谓语动词用单数形式。This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯狄更斯所写的书中的一本。He
43、 is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的。2.为避免关系词的重复,被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。译昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。误The film(that/which)we saw it last night is very frightening.正The film(that/which)we saw last night is very frightening.3.关系代词的省略。(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。(2)作动词宾语的关系代词可以省略。作介词宾语的关系代词,如果不直接位于介词后,可省略;如果直接作介词的宾语,不能省略。We visited the house(that/which)Lu Xun once lived in.=We visited the house in which Lu Xun once lived.我们参观了鲁迅曾住过的房子。(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。本课结束
