1、2013届高考英语专题复习-读写任务写作技巧Part OneHow to grasp the main idea of a passage-In Task-Writing 主旨题遵循 四字原则:准全用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想要注意文章的内涵和外延,把作者的观点准确地表达出来.要排除掉那些片面的选项,选取包含文章的主要内容及作者观点的选项,范围不宜过大或过小.精阅读理解主旨要义题技巧 The headmaster of a middle school in southern England,David Hayes,has suspended（停课）students at his schoo
2、1 478 times over the past year-one in twenty of all the student suspensions in England.Although some people believe that his actions go too far,he seems to be getting results.The number of students receiving A grades in the nationa1 senior schoo1 exam has increased from 48%in 2004 to 74%this year Mr
3、.Hayes says that many schools could achieve similar improvements if they improve their school students behavior.He also says the British government is wrong for pressuring schools not to suspend troublesome students and points out the harmful effects such students have on the quality of teaching and
4、 student learning.Suspensions often get many naughty students to improve their behavior,he says.The school was below average in 2003.Mr.Hayes joined the following year and now suspends two of the schools 1880 students on average each school day.The total of 478 suspensions over the year means that a
5、lmost one in four students have been punished this way.This year the schools academic performance was judged as excellent.I recently read a news story about headmaster who often suspends misbehaving students.And he believes that strong discipline improves both students behavior and academic performa
6、nce.His schools exam results have been greatly improved during his time in charge.Styles of passagenarration1argumentation2exposition3How to summarize a narration/story:Skill:要素串联法WhatWhoWhenWherehowwhyI gained a lot after I became patiently.I,and an old manLast SundayI got nothing 2 hours later-got
7、 angrythe old man got a lot-patientA lesson of the secret to success.Express the main idea of Exe.1 in your own words using about 30 words.(5mins)Everyone has an experience they would rather not forget.Some are embarrassing,some are moving,and some teach us a lesson.Here is a story of mine.Last Sund
8、ay I went fishing.After setting up my fishing rod with bait,I sat down on the bank of the lake.But two hours later,I didnt catch any fish.I got very angry and began to pack up my stuff,preparing to go back home.Just then,I saw an old man sitting near me.To my surprise,his basket was full of fish,so
9、I went over to him,wanting to know why.“Excuse me,but how long have you sat here?”I asked.“About four hours,”he answered.“Four hours?”I couldnt believe my ears.“Yes.Its very important to be patient,”the old man said.“Dont consider fishing a tiring sport.Just enjoy it.”Suddenly,I understood what he s
10、aid.I must learn to be patient.Then I sat there and waited for fish patiently.I felt a fish touch the bait,but I didnt move and waited for the right moment to reel it in.At last,I caught it.This made me very happy.In the following six hours,I caught over 10 fish.On my way home,I thought what had hap
11、pened on the bank.I gradually realized that the secret of success was patience.The story is about an unforgettable lesson of the writer from an old man while fishing,through which the writer realized patience was very important and that it was the secret of success.(33)You may begin like these:1.The
12、 passage/story is mainly about(talks about)2.The writer/author tells us about 3.The passage narrates that 故事性阅读材料，应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么，不能拖泥带水，而且最好讲述该故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。How to summarize an argumentation论点观点主题句论据（事例）结论Skill:议论三步法/段落合并法work is helpful to healtha.work keeps people busy,away from lonelinessb
13、.work serves as a bridge between man and realityc.work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement Express the main idea of Exe.2 in your own words using about 30 words.(5mins)Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women.Career women are healthier t
14、han housewives.Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than the job-holders.A study shows that whenever the employment rate increases by 1%,the death rate increase correspondingly(相应地)by 2%.All this comes down to one point:work is helpful to health.Why is work good for health?It is beca
15、use work keeps people busy,away from loneliness.Researches show that people feel unhappy,worried and lonely when they have nothing to do.Instead,the happiest are those who are busy.Work serves as a bridge between man and reality.By work,people come into contact with each other.By collective activiti
16、es,they find friendship and warmth.This is helpful to health.The loss of work means the loss of everything.It affects man spiritually and makes him likely to disease.Besides,work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement.Work makes one feel his value and status in society.When a wr
17、iter finishes his writing or teacher sees his students grow,they are happy beyond words.The author highlights the effect of work on peoples health,because it can rid one of loneliness,and make one feel fruitful and proud of himself,which always contributes to a good body.(33)Usually the beginning of
18、 a summary is:1.The passage mainly discusses that2.We can know from the passage3.As far as the author is concerned,如果是议论文的阅读短文,则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。4.The chapter above is concerning+n.How to summarize an expositionSkill:中心句挖掘法句首/结尾（中心句）句中（main points,reasons etc.）要说明的是:v Teamwork is about people work
19、ing together as a team.The idea has spread from the world of sports to business.In the 21st century,as people and their work are becoming more technically advanced,working as a team makes it easier to get things done.v Some things cannot be done by people working individually.More complex goals usua
20、lly require that people work together.Anyone who has ever been to a job interview will almost certainly have been asked what teamwork means to them.This is because companies want people who are team players,who can get along with their colleagues and work together in a group.Because teamwork is requ
21、ired by many organizations today,they will often organize team building events in an attempt to get people to work as a team than as individuals.v There are seven important skills that one must learn in order to be a successful team player.They are as follows:v Listening-listen and allow people to f
22、reely express their ideas.v Questioning-ask questions and discuss the objectives of the team.v Persuading-encourage people to exchange,defend,and rethink their ideas.v Respecting-treat others with respect and to support their ideas.v Helping-help ones partners,this is the general theme of teamwork.v
23、 Sharing-share ideas and resources with the team to create an environment of teamwork.v Participating-all members of the team are encouraged to participate in the team.v 写作内容v 1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；v 2)然后以约120个词就“Teamwork”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：v a)在你的心目中，你认为团队精神的概念是什么？v b)试通过简述两三个例子来说明团队精神的重要性。v c)你认为如何才能建立起班级团
24、队精神的文化？The passage stated the importance of teamwork in business and that,in a more competitive world,people must co-operate in order to achieve their goals.Besides,seven teamwork skills are also described.(32)You may begin like these:v 1.It is stated in the article thatv 2.According to the passage,
25、we can know that v 3.In the passage,the author states that v 4.The passage points out that如果是说明性短文,你就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象。Summary1.概括要抓住要点,语言精练:阅读材料的设计与“写作内容”的设计应该是浑然一体的。如果给的阅读材料是一个故事，应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么，不能拖泥带水，而且最好讲述该故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。如果是说明性或描述性短文,你就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象。如果是议论文的阅读短文,则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。Summary2
26、.Focus on main ideas and omit(省去)examples,details.(注重大意，省去详细的例子、细节)3.Do not include your own opinion,but be sure to use your own words.(不能添加自己的见 解，但是要用自己的语言概括）4.Write it in the third person.（第三人称）5.Control the number of words about 30.(25-40个字之内不会造成扣分)6.How to check the summary:看要点看人称看时态看语法看结构 Hi,I
27、am Mike.I just went through my first year of college.The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment.I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me.But at the college I needed to know some basic life skills.such as balancing a chec
28、kbook,laundry,and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school!It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick.Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life,I loved itgood facilities,helpful instructors.and a good library.The
29、 Students Union organizes various parties every week.I also go to cinemas and concerts,and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs.08高考真题 One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things.I was on the dance team in college and met a ton of people that way it was so much easier
30、 to make friends when you had a common ground.写作内容学校最近组织了一次中美学生交流活动，你参加其中的“大学校园生活”讨论。听完Mike的发言之后，你准备写一份发言稿，题目是“Preparing Myself for College Life”，内容要点包括：1.以约30个词概括Mike的发言要点；2.然后以约120个词谈谈你理想的大学生活，内容包括：(1)对中学生活的感受；(2)理想的大学生活；(3)中学生活和大学生活的差别，以及你打算如何适应。Its your show time The passage mainly tells usMikes mother did almost everything for him when in high school,which brought him a hard time adjusting to the first-year college life.However,afterwards he got accustomed to it because of the academic atmosphere and colorful activities there.How to check the summary看要点看人称看时态看语法看结构
