1、Unit 1 A land of diversity基础知识自测一、单词拓展(A)单词派生1._ adj.清晰的;明显的;明确的_ n.差别;区分;卓著2._ adj.主要的_ n.大多数;大半majoritydistinctdistinctionmajor3._ v.处罚;惩罚_ n.处罚;惩罚4._ vt.指出;标示;表明;暗示_ n.指出;标示;表明;暗示indicationpunishpunishmentindicate5._ adj.显而易见的;显然的_ adv.显然地;显而易见地apparentapparently6._ v.吸引；使着迷_ adj.迷人的;吸引人的fascinat
2、ingfascinate(B)灵活运用1.Theres a sharp _(distinct)between words and deeds.1.名词作表语,根据前面的冠词可知。2.The _(major)of senior high school students seem to prefer science to art.2.因为the与of之间必须填名词,而the majority of 意为“大多数的”。distinctionmajority3.Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive _(punish).3.名词作动词re
3、ceive的宾语。4.Many students _(apparent)do not care about the health issues of all their bad habits.4.副词作状语,修饰动词do。punishmentapparently5.A _ (fascinate)talent show called“Super Girl”won nationwide popularity among teenage students.5.形容词作定语,修饰talent show。fascinating1._背靠背2._ 继续存在;继续生存3._申请;请示得到4._将应用于二、短
4、语翻译applyto back to backlive onapply for5._ 坚持;维持;沿袭6._ 习惯于新的生活方式7._用办法;借助8._ 包括;吸收take in keep upbe/get used to the new way of lifeby means of.9._ 与合作或一起工作10._ 许多;很多11._ 画线;标出的界线12._ 至少at leastteam up witha great/good manymark out三、语篇填 空 In 1848,not long after the American-Mexican war,gold 1 _(disco
5、ver)in California.The dream of becoming rich 2 _(quick)attracted people from all over the world.The 3 _(near),and therefore the first to arrive,4 _(be)South Americans and people from the United States.Then 5 _(adventure)from Europe and Asia soon followed.adventurerswerenearestquicklywas discoveredIn
6、 fact,few achieved 6 _(they)dream of becoming rich.Some died 7 _ returned home,but most remained in California 8 _(make)a life for themselves despite great hardship.They settled in the new towns or 9 _ farms.By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850,i
7、t was already 10 _ multicultural society.aonto makeortheir1.was discovered 因“金被发现”，又由1848年或下文谓语动词可知用一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。2.quickly 修饰谓语动词attracted作状语，用副词。3.nearest 根据常识，最早来到这里的人应是“最近的人”。4.were 由常识和其后表语South Americans and people可知，主语是复数，又是一般过去时，故填were。5.adventurers 接着来到这里的应是“冒险者”，且用复数。6.their 指“他们的”梦想。
8、7.or 指死了“或者”回家了。8.to make 指留下来的目的，用不定式。9.on 表示“在”农场，习惯上用介词on。10.a 表示“一个”多元文化的社会。四、短文改错 Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period,it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast where brought even larger numbers to California in 1860s.thethatToday
9、,Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California,but a large percentage have choosed to stay in the“Chinatowns”of Los Angeles and San Francisco.chosenalthoughJapanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th centuries,and since the 1980s a lot of more have settled there.Pe
10、oplein Africa has been living in California since the 1800s,when they moved north from Mexico.Besides,even more arrive between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries.arrivedHoweverhavefromcentury1.where that 这是it wasthat强调句型，强调主语。2.在1860s前加the 表示几十年代，前面要加the。3.but although 由句意逻辑可知
11、。句意：尽管大部分人选择呆在洛杉矶和旧金山的唐人街，但是加州的各个地方依然有华裔美国人住。4.choosed chosen 因choose是不规则动词，其过去分词是chosen。5.centuries century 第20世纪，用单数。6.去掉a lot后面的of 因后面没有接名词，不用of。7.in from 表示“来自”非洲的人。8.has have 主语是people，是复数。9.Besides However 与上句是转折关系。10.arrive arrived 由1942 and 1945可知用一般过去时。重点词汇讲练1.majority n大多数；大半例句With the pri
12、ces going up,the majority of people find it hard to live on the amount of money they get.随着物价的上涨，大多数人发现靠他们挣的钱很难维持生活。(1)a/the majority of 大多数(be)in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数(2)minority n.少数(be)in the minority 占少数拓展“the/a majority of名词”,表示“大多数”。谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；the majority单独作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可。说明运用 根据以上用
13、法，用be动词的适当形式填空。(1)One third of the country covered _ with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people.(2)The majority _ on the Englands team,which greatly disappointed them.isarewere/was(3)The majority of the farmers _ influenced by natural disasters in the summer of 2015,but they still to
14、ok a positive attitude towards their life.were原句By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850,it was already a multicultural society.到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国的第31个州的时候,它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。(B8 P2)2.elect vt.选举；选择；推选例句 We elected him as our representative.我们选他作代表。搭配elec
15、t sb.（to beas）+n.选某人当elect sb.to do sth.选某人做某事运用 用所给词的适当形式填空。We _(elect)him monitor at the class meeting yesterday.He was elected _(solve)this challenging problem.to solveelected原句 Yes.It didnt occur to me that是的,我没有想到(B8 P5)例句It occurred to me that he would be the best person.我突然想到，他也许是最佳人选。3.occur
16、 vi.发生；出现；存在(happen,exist)sth.occurs to sb.某事被某人想起it occurs to sb.that.某人突然想起说明 occur的过去式、过去分词、现在分词要双写“r”：occurred,occurred，occurring。occur是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不能用于被动语态。运用(1)父母应该帮助孩子处理这一特殊成长阶段出现的各种问题Parents should help their children cope with _ during this special growing stage.(2)我就要离开时,想起忘了带钥匙。Just as I
17、was leaving the house,_ that I had forgotten my keys.it occurred to meall kinds of problems occurring4.nowhere adv.无处；到处都无(not in any place or to any place)例句 Nowhere else can we find a more beautiful place than Mount Tai.我们找不到比泰山更美的地方。说明 nowhere置于句首,句子要部分倒装。(2)世界上没有其他地方有这种水果。_ this kind of fruit ex
18、ist.Nowhere else in the world does运用(1)Michael glanced anxiously down the street,but John was _(到处看不到)nowhere to be seen5.live on 继续生活或生存(continue to live or exist);以为食;靠生活例句 The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.这些移民的风俗习惯和语言在他们的新家都得以延续。live by doing sth.靠做某事为生live up
19、 to符合；不辜负联想运用 用live短语的适当形式填空。He still _ his parents after graduation.Mozart is dead but his music _.We should work hard and try _ our parents expectations.live up to lives ononlivesto6keep up坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)例句 We students ought to keep up our traditional Chinese virtues我们学生要沿袭中华民族的传统美德。联想keep up wit
20、h跟上；赶上运用 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。我认为跟上时代是很重要的。I think important that we _(should)keep up _ the timesitwith 我们要坚持勤奋学习，为即将到来的高考做好准备。We have to _ the hard work and make good preparations for the coming college entrance examination.keep up7by means of用办法：借助例句 Thanks to the advancement of new technologies,we can ke
21、ep in touch with each other by means of cell phone and e-mail由于有了先进的科技，我们可以通过手机和电子邮件彼此保持联系。by no means绝不（置于句首时，要部分倒装）by all means想尽一切办法提醒means作“方法，手段”解，单复数同形，作主语时要注意主谓一致。联想运用 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。他们依靠努力工作而获得成功。They succeeded _ by means of hard work 无论遇到什么困难，我们绝不能放弃。Whatever difficulty we meet，by no means _.
22、should we give up8.take in包括;涵养;接受;收留;吸收领会;了解;欺骗;蒙蔽例句 The students found it easy to take in what their teacher had taught.学生们发现老师教的东西很容易领会。(understand or absorb)take off 脱下；起飞take on呈现，承担take over接管take up占据；开始人事联想运用朗读并指出画线部分的汉语意思。We need more time to take in the situation.（）了解 The university is pla
23、nning to take in 15 more students next year.（）Dont be taken in by books claiming to help you improve your study in a week.（）被欺骗接收（招收）9.apply for 申请；请示得到例句 You can apply forscholarship and work part-time in college.在大学，你可以申请奖学金和做兼职。apply to适用于apply.to.将应用于联想运用 填入一个适当的介词。Anyone who wants to apply_ the
24、 job must meet all the requirements above.It is satisfactory to apply this new method _ our project of environmental protection.to for写作句型仿写1.It is likely/unlikely that.很/没可能原句However,it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而,可能至少在15,000 年以前美
25、洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。(B8 P2)例句It is very likely that he will make great progress in his study.他的学习很可能会取得较大进步。be likely/unlikely to do可能/不可能做联想仿写根据汉语意思完成下列英文句子。我们有可能提前完成复习任务。_ we will finish our review in advanceIt is likely that 他很可能会报名参加中山大学的自主选拔考试。He _ enroll in the independent admission examination of S
26、un Yat-sen University is very likely to原句 It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups,but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.据信,过不了多久国籍相混的程度将如此大以至于不再有大的种族或文化团体,而仅仅是一个多文化的混合体。(B8 P3)2.It is believed
27、that人们相信例句 It is believed that greenhouse gases are the main causes of global warming.人们认为温室气体是导致全球变暖的主因。联想 It is/thought/said/reported/hoped that.人们认为/据说/据报道/希望仿写 (1)人们相信健康高于财富。It is believed that health is above wealth.(2)据报道几乎所有的突发死亡都是由心脏受损引起的。It is reported that almost all sudden deaths are caused by damage to the heart.Thank You!
