1、人教课标高二 选修 8Unit 41.Colonel Pickering(P):an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins who sets him a task.皮克林上校(简称P):陆军军官,后来成为希金斯的朋友。希金斯给他安排了一项任务。officer与official officer主要用于指军官,也可指公司或政府机构中的高级职员;official指政府内的文职官员,用作形容词时指“官方的,正式的”。The officers live at headquarters and the soldiers live in the
2、camps.军官住在总部,士兵住在军营。The president and his ministers are government officials.总统和部长为政府高级官员。2.While watching,he makes notes.他一边观察,一边做笔记。while watching为while he was watching省略句。在以when,while,if,unless等引导的状语从句中,如果从句中的主语与主句主语一致且从句谓语动词含有be动词的形式,往往将从句中的主语及be动词省略,而以动词的-ing形式或过去分词形式来代替。e.g.After finishing the
3、 work,he went home.完成工作后他就回家了。After being discussed,the plan should be carried out at once.计划讨论后,应立即实施。While crossing the street,look out for cars passing by.过马路时,小心过路车辆。1)When _ help,one often says“Thank you.”or“Its kind of you.”A.offering B.to offer C.to be offered80 D.offered2)While _ the river,h
4、e saw a big crocodile.A.to cross B.crossing C.cross D.crossed3)Before _,the play must be examined by the director.A.putting on B.to be put on C.put on D.being put on4)Never _ faith in himself,the scientist went on with his research.A.losing B.to lose C.lost D.to be lost5)Whats the matter with you?_
5、the window,my finger was cut unexpectedly.A.Cleaning B.To clean C.While cleaning D.While I was cleaning3.I aint done nothing wrong by speaking to that gentleman.我跟那位先生说话,又没做什么坏事呀。aint 是不规范的语言,相当于am not,is not,has not,have not.e.g.We aint coming.我们不来了。They aint got it.他们没有那玩意儿。nothing wrong中的wrong是形容
6、词作后置定语,修饰nothing。形容词修饰不定代词时,必须置于不定代词之后。e.g.Theres something wrong with my watch.我的表出毛病了。Please come earlier.Something important will be announced.请早点来,有重要的事情要宣布。Is there anything interesting?有什么有趣的事吗？4.I thought maybe you was a policemanin disguise.我还以为你是便衣警察呢。in disguise 乔装e.g.The emperor liked tra
7、velling in disguise.这位皇帝喜欢微服私访。本单元还有不少in引导的介词短语：1)in need of 需要；in need处于困难（穷困）中e.g.He is in need of a haircut.他需要理发了。We should help those in need.我们应该帮助那些处于贫困中的人。2)in terms of 根据，依照；以.的措辞e.g.Let each child read in terms of his own tastes and choices.让每一个孩子根据自己的兴趣爱好选择书籍阅读。He referred to your work in
8、 terms of high praise.他对你的工作大加赞赏。5.Here you are(hands over the paper covered in writing).给你(他把写满字的纸递过来)hand over 移交;让与;交给某人照料e.g.The captain was unwilling to hand over the command of his ship.船长不愿移交军舰的指挥权。The thief was handed over to the policeman.小偷被交给警察处理。hand down 传给hand on 传递hand up 举手hand out 分
9、给,分发It is certain that he will _ his business to his son when he gets old.A.take over B.think over C.hand over D.go over covered with writing为过去分词短语作后置定语,相当于定语从句which/that is covered with writing.e.g.The concert given by him was a great success.由他举行的音乐会很成功。The first textbooks written for teaching En
10、glish as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.最早为外语教师而写的英语课本出现在18世纪。Some of them,born and brought up in villages,had never seen a train.他们当中的一些人生长在农村,从未见过火车。The meeting held yesterday proved to be a success.昨天开的那次会议证明很成功。1)Some of the suspects _ refused to answer and kept their mouths shu
11、t.A.questioning B.being questioned C.questioned D.to be questioned2)You will find the word“psychology”_ under“P”in any dictionary.A.have listed B.to be listedC.listing itself D.listed3)All cars _ nowadays are equipped with safety belts,_ are helpful to drivers.A.being produced;they B.to be produced;
12、which C.produced;which D.produced;they6.There you are and you were born in Lisson Grove if Im not mistaken.你呀,要是我没弄错的话,你出生在格罗夫里森。mistaken adj.错误的，不正确的e.g.The teacher has a mistaken opinion of this pupil.老师对这个学生有不对的看法。I assure youre mistaken.我确信你错了。In that idea,youre mistaken.那样说来你错了。Bob has a mistak
13、en idea that tomorrow is a holiday.鲍勃想错了,他说明天是假日。A mistaken person should admit his error.犯错的人应承认自己的错误。归纳拓展:mistaken用作形容词,在句中作表语或前置定语。作表语时,常为be mistaken about对某事持错误的见解。mistake为其名词形式或动词形式。mistake for把错认为7.Simply phonetics studied and classified from peoples own speech.只是学了点语音学,把人们的发音区分一下而已。classify v
14、t.编排，分类，归类e.g.Such people should be classified as middle peasants.这样的人应该被分类为中等农民。In the post-office,mail is classifiedaccording to the places where it is to go.在邮局,邮件是按其邮往何方分类的。归纳拓展classify既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,作及物动词时,表示“分为”,常构成 be classified into“被分成”,be classified as“被分为”;作不及物动词时,表示“属于类”。classified adj
15、.表示“分类的,机密的”;classification n.“分类、类”。完成句子1.People who work in libraries spend a lot of time _(分类)books.2.If you look in the _(分类的)part of the telephone book,youll find plenty of hotels.classifyingclassified句型转换He sorted out the books into five parts.He _ the books _ five parts.classifiedinto8.People
16、 begin their working life in a poor neighbourhood of London with 80 pounds a year and end in a rich one with 100 thousand.人们从伦敦的穷人区开始工作，年收入才80英镑，最后到了富人区工作，年收入就是十万英镑了。点拨 此句的主干为：People begin.and end.。and连接两个并列谓语begin 和end。end后省略了their working life，one指代 neighbourhood of London。begin.with.以开始；end.with.
17、以结束；begin/end ones days/life in.（在某种状态或某处）开始生活/度过余生。e.g.He always begins his lessons with a warm-up exercise.他讲课前总是先让学生做热身练习。They ended the play with a song.他们以一首歌曲结束了这出戏。He ended his days in poverty.他在贫穷中度过余生。9.But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths.但是他们一张嘴就会露出马脚。1)betray ones
18、elf 无意中暴露出本性；背叛e.g.Quite a lot of people will betray themselves when tempted by money.相当多的人面对金钱诱惑便原形毕露。I wont betray his trust.我不会辜负他对我的信任。She would not betray his secrets to me.她不会把他的秘密泄露给我。His face betrayed that he was angry.他的脸显露出他很生气。betray+n./n.+to 表示“出卖,背叛,辜负”;betray+n./n.+(to be)-that表示“无意中显示
19、,暴露”。其名词形式为betrayal,如:an act of betrayal 背叛的行为。归纳拓展考点 once taught是“连词+过去分词”结构，在句中作条件状语。“连词+过去分词”结构还可作时间、原因、结果等状语。此外，过去分词短语也能在句中作状语。过去分词充当状语时候，其逻辑主语通常须与主句一致。10.Now once taught by me一旦由我来教,_ by a greater demand for vegetables,farmers have built more green houses.A.Driven B.Being drivenC.To drive D.Hav
20、ing driven 点拨 farmers与drive 构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词。此处是过去分词短语作原因状语。_ with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time.A.Faced B.Face C.Facing D.To face 点拨 根据固定短语sb.be faced with sth.(某人面对)可知选A。此处是过去分词短语作原因状语,表状态。1.He betrayed his friends _ the enemy.A.to B.for C.with D.by2.His accent at once bet
21、rayed the fact _ he was a foreigner.A.which B.that C./D.with that11.Look at this girl with her terrible English:the English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days.你瞧那个姑娘，英语说得那样糟糕，命中注定要在贫民窟里呆一辈子了。1.The editor of the newspaper was condemned as lacking honesty.2.The judge condemned
22、the criminal todeath for a case of murder.3.His bad legs condemned him to a wheelchair.4.The meat was condemned as unfit for human consumption.condemn阅读下列句子，注意condemn的词性、意思及用法。归纳通过观察上面的句子，我们发现condemn作及物动词，意为“谴责；宣判；使注定；宣告不宜使用”。常用结构有：condemn sb./sth.for/as(doing)sth.指责某人/某事/某物为（句1）；condemn sb.to(do)st
23、h.判某人某种刑罚（句2）；_ 迫使某人接受困境（或不愉快的状况）（句3）；condemn sth.as.宣告不宜使用（句4）。condemn sb.to sth.将下列句子翻译成英语。1.她知道社会将会谴责她遗弃孩子。2.老年人常出于无奈而孤独生活。She knew that society would condemn her for abandoning her child.Old people are often condemned to a lonely life.12.But,sir,(proudly)once educated to speak properly,that girl
24、 could passherself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party.可是,先生(自豪地),一旦那个女孩被教会说正确的英语,她就能够在三个月后由一位大使举办的舞会上冒充一位女公爵。这是一个复合句这是一个复合句,从句为从句为once she is once she is educated to speak properly educated to speak properly 的省略形式。的省略形式。pass off as pass off as 冒充冒充e.g.e.g.She She passedp
25、assed herself herself off asoff as an an American.American.她冒充是美国人。她冒充是美国人。He passed his secretary off as wife.他把秘书冒充他的妻子。pass off 停止;顺利地举行;躲开pass by 走过;不理会pass on 传递pass through 通过,穿过13.And I came to England to make your acquaintance!我来伦敦就是为了结识你。acquaintance n.相识；了解；熟人e.g.I have some acquaintance w
26、ith French,but I do not know it well.我懂得一点法语,但不精通。I still keep up acquaintance with him.我仍然和他联系着。I have a slight acquaintance with the language.我懂一点这种语言。He was my closest acquaintance.他是我的老相识。Where did you make his acquaintance?你在哪里与他相识？acquaintance既可作不可数名词,表“熟悉,认识”,有时在其前可加不定冠词,表“某种程度的熟悉与了解”,与with连用
27、;作可数名词,表“熟识的人”。make ones acquaintance=make the acquaintance of somebody表示“结识某人”;gain acquaintance with 得以知悉;cut/drop ones acquaintance with 与某人绝交;be acquainted with 熟悉1.He is not a _,only a(an)_.A.friend;acquaintances B.acquaintance;friend C.friend;acquaintance D.acquaintances;friend单项填空2.I have _ s
28、light acquaintance _ English.A.a;to B.a;with C./;with D./;to14.Well,I never!A whole pound!A fortune!啊,我从没有!一英镑!一笔财富!fortune n.机会；运气；大笔的钱e.g.By good fortune he was not hurt.幸运的是,他没受伤。She had a good fortune to be free from illness all her life.她一生很幸运,没有得过病。What will be our fortune?我们的命运将是什么？He receive
29、d a large fortune when his father died.父亲死时,他继承了一笔财富。归纳拓展fortune表“运气,幸运”为不可数名词;表“命运、幸运或不幸的事”为可数名词,表“财产、钱财”既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。其构成的短语有:a large fortune一大笔钱,make a fortune发财,seek ones fortune外出找出路,try ones fortune碰运气。完成句子He went to Shenzhen to _.(找出路)seek his fortune15.generally speaking 一般来说_,the more ex
30、pensive the camera,the better its quality.A.General speakingB.Speaking general C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally1.A police o_ came to our help when our car broke down on the way.2.If you _(犹豫)too much,youll lose the game.3.The law has been c_ as an attack on personal liberty.I.根据下列各句句意及所给单词的
31、首字母或汉语提示,写出该单词的正确形式。officerhesitatecondemned 4.He always travels first class,because he says tourist class is too u_.5.He is not a friend,only a(n)_(熟人).6.The talks had a better o_ than we had originally hoped.uncomfortable acquaintanceoutcome 7.The new _(大使)is highly experienced in international di
32、plomacy.8.He received a large f_ when his uncle died.9.He who b_ his country must be punished.10.I had to d_ him,for he lost so much time and money.ambassadorfortune betrays dismiss1.My cough is rather _ today,which makes me very painful.II.根据句意,从方框内选择适当的形容词填空。superior troublesome confused brilliant
33、troublesome2.He is good at writing and expressing himself and his composition is far _ to mine.3.The question is so hard,and were getting _.4.You are so clever and _ that my poor efforts are put into the shade.superiorconfusedbrilliant1.一般而言,女性寿命较男性长。(generally speaking)2.他让他的妹妹装扮成一名医生。(pass.off as)
34、III.根据括号内的提示将下列句子翻译成英语。Generally speaking,women live longer than men.He passed his sister off as a doctor.3.今年的电影无论从数量上还是质量上都很好。(in terms of)4.我是在一次聚会上认识他的。(make ones acquaintance)It was a good year for films,in terms of both quantity and quality.I made his acquaintance at a party.5.她害怕说话时露了自己的底。(betray)6.我记得她的名字,但记不清她的脸了。(place)She was afraid of saying something that would make her betray herself.I remember her name but cant place her face.7.图书馆的书是按科目分类的。(classify)8.马丁脸上汗如雨下。(pour)Sweat poured from Martins face.The books in the library are classified by subject.
