1、专题五 动词的时态和语态第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-2-词汇复习5(根据汉语提示填入以b开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以b开头的课标高频词汇。)【情景】In her 1.biography(传记)the beautiful writer described that she was a blind girl,who believed firmly that good 2.behavior(行为)would give bonus to a person.The belief in her brain 3.benefi
2、ted(使受益)her a lot.4.Besides(而且),she never made a bargain with her boss,by means of which she got over many barriers that ordinary people couldnt 5.bear(容忍).After many years of hard work,she finally realized her dream.译文 在她的传记中,那个漂亮的作家描述说她是一位盲人,她坚信美好的行为对一个人会有额外的好处。脑海中的这种信仰使她受益匪浅。而且,她从不跟她的老板讨价还价,凭借这种信
3、念,她克服了常人难以忍受的很多障碍。经过多年的努力,她最后实现了自己的梦想。第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-3-动词时态和语态,语境分析来辨别;主动被动要分清,何时发生是关键。1.(2019天津卷改编)Amy,as well as her brothers,was given(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:艾米和她的兄弟们在上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎。as well as连接两个主语时,谓语与它前面的主
4、语保持一致,give和主语有动宾关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-4-2.(2019江苏卷改编)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals will have been installed(install)by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:为了北京冬奥会,他们正在努力确保2022年之前安装好5G终端。根据时间状语by 2022可知,此处用将来完成时。install和5G
5、 terminals是动宾关系,所以用被动语态。3.(2019江苏卷改编)The musician along with his band members has given(give)ten performances in the last three months.解析:考查动词的时态。句意:在过去的三个月里,这位音乐家和他的乐队成员已经进行了十场演出。根据时间状语in the last threemonths可知,谓语动词应使用现在完成时;谓语动词的数取决于along with前面的名词the musician,所以用单数形式。第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究
6、突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-5-4.(2018北京卷改编)Hi,Im Peter.Are you new here?I havent seen you around.Hello,Peter.Im Bob.I just started(start)on Monday.解析:考查动词的时态。句意:你好,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我在这儿没见过你。你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。我是周一来的。根据时间状语on Monday可知,此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时。5.(2017江苏卷改编)He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he
7、 was being followed(follow).解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:他匆忙赶回家,从来没有回头看一眼他是否正在被跟踪。由句意可知,此处为过去进行时的被动语态。第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-6-6.(2016天津卷改编)When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I hadnt seen(not see)for years.解析:考查动词的时态。句意:在街上散步时,我偶遇了多年未曾见过的大卫。came across用的一般过去时,而“我多年未见
8、到他”应发生在came across之前,即过去的过去,故用过去完成时。7.(2016北京卷改编)Jack was working(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.解析:考查动词的时态。句意:停电时,杰克正在实验室里工作。由语境可知,此处描述的是过去停电的瞬间杰克正在进行的动作,故用过去进行时。第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-7-8.(2016北京卷改编)Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars.
9、We have been waiting(wait)here for more than two hours.解析:考查动词的时态。句意:打扰了,你们正在等哪部电影?新上映的星球大战。我们已经在这等了两个多小时了。根据语境可知,说话者在两个多小时里一直在等着看新电影且还没有等到,故用现在完成进行时。9.Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?Not really.She had given(give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.解析:考查动词的时态。句意:你找到安的家
10、费了很大劲儿吗?没有。她给了我们非常清楚的指示,我们很容易就找到了她的家。根据语境可知,“给出指示”发生在“找到她的家”之前,所以用过去完成时。应填had given。第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-8-10.Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she will be teaching(teach)a class at that time.解析:考查动词的时态。句意:简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了,因为那个时候她将正在上课。根据句意可知,
11、“今天下午三点”是一个将来的时间;表示将来某一时刻正在做某事,应该用将来进行时。故填will be teaching。第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-9-1.动词的时态、语态常用形式列表(1)动词的时态常用形式列表第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-10-第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-11-(2)动词的被动语态常用形式列表第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移
12、高频考点探究突破-12-第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-13-2.易混时态辨析(1)一般过去时与现在完成时两者都与发生在过去的动作相关。现在完成时表示过去动作对现在造成的影响,主要说明现在的情况;一般过去时强调动作发生在过去某一时间的事实,不强调与现在的联系。Theyve read this book.他们读过这本书。(已了解书中内容)They read the book in the library.他们在图书馆里读了这本书。(只强调动作发生在过去,不强调对现在造成的影响)第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考
13、点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-14-现在完成时表示从过去发生到现在一段时间内的任何时间,可与already,yet,today,this week,since等连用,但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用;一般过去时表示的是过去某一特定时间或与现在无关的某一过去时间。I have told him about my new roommate.我已告诉他我的新室友的有关情况。(到目前为止他已知有关情况)I told him about my new roommate yesterday.我昨天告诉了他我新室友的有关情况。(表明告诉他的时间是在昨天)第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯
14、基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-15-(2)一般现在时与现在进行时一般现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性的动作或状态,常与usually,often,seldom等频度副词连用;现在进行时主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态,常跟时间状语now,at present 等连用。He usually writes a lot of letters,but he isnt writing at present.他经常写许多信,但他现在没写。表示客观事实或普遍真理时,要用一般现在时,不能用现在进行时。The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
15、第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-16-(3)一般过去时与过去进行时一般过去时表示一个完成的动作,而过去进行时表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。I read a novel last night.我昨晚看了一本小说。(已经看完了)I was reading a novel last night.昨晚我在看小说。(可能没看完)一般过去时用于表示一个单纯的动作,过去进行时用于表示过去一段时间内反复发生的动作。He asked some questions.他问了几个问题。He was asking questions all the t
16、ime.他始终在问问题。第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-17-一般过去时表示在过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实),过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中,所进行的动作或展开的情景)。He played the piano yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午弹钢琴了。(昨天下午他做了弹钢琴这件事)He was playing the piano yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午在弹钢琴。(昨天下午他一直在弹钢琴,没干别的事)过去进行时表示在过去某个时间正在进行的动
17、作,一般过去时表示当时临时发生的短暂性动作。I was walking on the street when I found a purse on the ground.我正在街上走着,这时发现地上有个钱包。第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-18-(4)一般将来时与将来进行时一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说,将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态;而将来进行时表示在将来的某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。He is in the library now,and he will come back in an hour.他现在在图书馆,一
18、个小时后就会回来。What will you be doing at this time next Monday?下周一的这个时候你将会在做什么呢?第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-19-(5)过去完成时与一般过去时过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成的动作,在句中一般有另一过去时间或动作与它相比较。它是一个相对的时态,表示的是过去的过去;只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到过去完成时。一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作,只与现在形成对比。She had learned some English before
19、 she came to our school.她来我们学校以前学过一些英语。(come to our school是过去发生的一个动作,learn English是come to our school以前的情况)He promised to come to help,but he hasnt come yet.他答应过来帮忙的,但还没有来。(promise是过去发生的一个动作,hasnt come是现在的情况)第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-20-如果主句所表示的动作发生在时间状语从句所表示的动作之前,在状语从句中用一般过去时
20、,在主句中就要用过去完成时。反之,如果时间状语从句所表示的动作发生在主句所表示的动作之前,则在从句中用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时。Mom had warned me of the bad weather before I left home.我离家前,妈妈提醒了我天气不好。After I had written the letter,I went to post it at once.我写好了信后,马上就寄了出去。第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-21-3.动词时态和语态的常考点(1)动词时态的关键点“主将从现”。在时间状语从句
21、和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来,但主句要用一般将来时。能引导这类从句的连词有before,after,when,while,if,unless,in case,on condition that等。If it is fine tomorrow,I will go with you.如果明天天气好,我会和你一起去。第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-22-完成时的标志性时间状语。如果句中有so far,by now,in/during/over the last/past few years,till now,up to no
22、w等表示时间的短语,句子只能用现在完成时。So far they have collected enough money to set up a primary school for the village.迄今为止,他们已经筹集到了足够的钱,可以为村子建一所小学了。I have been busy during the last few days.在刚过去的几天里,我一直很忙。句中的状语是“by the end of+过去时间”时,句子用过去完成时。By the end of last term,we had learned about three thousand English word
23、s.到上学期末,我们已经学了大约三千个英语单词。句中的状语是“by the end of+将来时间”时,句子用将来完成时。By the end of next month,we shall have finished Book Five.到下个月末,我们将会学完第五册。第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-23-常用完成时态的句型在句型It is the first time./This is the last time.中,从句要用现在完成时。This is the first time I have been here.这是我第一
24、次来这里。在句型It was the first time./This was the last time.中,从句要用过去完成时。This was the third time I had visited Tom.这是我第三次拜访汤姆。在hardly.when.,no sooner.than.结构中,hardly与sooner后要用过去完成时且为倒装句式。Hardly had we got on the train when it started off.我们一上火车,火车就开了。第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-24-(2)被
25、动语态的关键点使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面接不定式做宾语补足语时,在主动结构中不定式符号to要省略,但变为被动结构时要还原to。They make her clean the floor.She is made to clean the floor by them.It+be+过去分词(said/reported/informed/believed)+that从句(=主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.)表示“据说/据报道/据悉/据信”。It is said that the boy has pa
26、ssed the national exam.The boy is said to have passed the national exam.据说这个男孩儿已经通过了这次全国性的考试。第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-25-动词get代替be(get往往用在口语中)。There was a fight at the pub,but fortunately nobody got(=was)hurt.酒吧里发生了一场斗殴,所幸没人受伤。注意:get+done同be+done的区别:get done 往往表示行为不是计划之中的,而是意
27、外发生的。The dog got run over by a car.狗被汽车碾死了。第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-26-不可以变成被动语态的几种情况。某些动词,如smell,taste,wash,shut,prove,sell,read,write等主动形式可以表示被动意义。如:The dish tastes delicious.这道菜很美味。The theory proved right at last.这个理论最终被证实是正确的。The book is so interesting that it sells well.
28、这本书非常有趣,卖得很好。This kind of cloth washes well.这种布很好洗。need/want/require/deserve+动词-ing 形式表示“主语承受动词发出的动作”,表示被动含义。如:My car needs repairing(=to be repaired).我的车需要修理。第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-27-一 二 三 四一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.The flight takes(take)off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday.2.(20
29、18江苏卷改编)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carried(carry)out in the past two years.3.Unless we act(act)now to protect the environment,well live to regret it.4.Im calling about the apartment you advertised(advertise)the other day.Could you tell me more about
30、 it?5.Hurry up!Mark and Carol are expecting(expect)us.6.I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.Im so sorry.But I was doing(do)my homework.第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-28-一 二 三 四7.Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure,I will be writing(write)a r
31、eport at home.8.The girl has a great interest in sport and has been taking(take)badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.9.When I first met Bryan I didnt like him,but I have changed(change)my mind.10.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he had had(have)it for a very long
32、time.11.(2018天津卷改编)My washing machine is being repaired(repair)this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-29-一 二 三 四12.It is said that the early European playing-cards were designed(design)for entertainment and education.13.Anxiously I went to bed
33、 dreaming about what I would find(find)at the top of this magical mountain.14.Whatever you have found,you should give it back to whomever it belongs(belong)to.15.No sooner had the movie star got(get)out of the car than she was surrounded by her fans.16.It is the second time that I have been invited(
34、invite)to make a speech for primary students.第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-30-一 二 三 四二、完成句子1.我们要很早出发,所以前一天晚上我们就打好包了。We were leaving very early so we packed the night before.2.我过去认为我不会喜欢这部电影,但是实际上它很好。I didnt think Id like the movie,but actually it was pretty good.3.我们很自信,通过我们进一步的努力
35、来减少污染,环境将会得到改善。We are confident that the environment will be improved by our further efforts to reduce pollution.4.我认为我能够得到一个好的分数,这个分数使我能够进入我理想的大学。I suppose I can get a good mark which will enable me to enter my ideal college.第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-31-一 二 三 四5.如果不采取措施,海洋将变成
36、鱼的沙漠。If nothing is done,the oceans will turn into fish deserts.6.莎士比亚的戏剧哈姆雷特在近几年来已经被拍成了至少10部不同的电影。Shakespeares play Hamlet has been made into at least ten different films over the past years.7.房子很脏,因为自从他们搬出去后就没打扫过。The house is dirty because it hasnt been cleaned since they moved out.8.当他专心致志工作的时候他会废
37、寝忘食。When he was absorbed in his work,he would forget all about eating or sleeping.第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-32-一 二 三 四9.这项任务的所有准备工作都已完成,我们准备开始了。All the preparations for the task have been completed,and were ready to start.10.她是一个勤奋刻苦的学生,她所有的业余时间都是在图书馆里度过的。She is a hard-working
38、 student,and all her spare time she has is spentstaying in the library.第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-33-一 二 三 四三、语篇填空It is 2 years 1.we had a cleaning lady and for some reason my husband has become very demanding toward her.He believes she does not work as well as she used to.He c
39、omplains a lot and has decided to complain to her.Yesterday I tried several 2.(time)to discuss with him my 3.(satisfy)with her work,but he was a little bit upset.This morning I looked at the house and all the cleaning she 4.(do)before.I thought it was unfair to complain because she was doing such 5.
40、great job.So I fought for her again,6.(say)it was unnecessary to complain.She was doing well and she deserved to get 7.(pay)more and to receive some extra money for the new year.since times satisfaction had done a saying paid 第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-34-一 二 三 四And 8.(final)my
41、 husband told her that we had decided to pay her more,9.was a surprise to her.Im very happy I have protected this lady from unfair words and that we are treating her fairly now and doing something to shorten the gap 10.the rich and the poor.finally which between 第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能
42、力迁移新题演练能力迁移-35-一 二 三 四四、短文改错When I was ten years old,I went to Yangzhou with two American.I became their guide.First,we went to the Slender West Lake.They wanted to look around the lake by the boat.After buy the tickets,we got into the boat.We went around seeing the beautiful sight.After that,we wen
43、t shopping.The sellers couldnt spoke English.Though it was very harder,I tried my best listen to their words carefully and translate the sentences.They bought some little things with their help.Next,we went to a small zoo but took some pictures.When we felt hunger,we went out and had lunch.After lunch,we visited some old house and learned more about Chinese history.第一部分专题五 动词的时态和语态基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-36-一 二 三 四
