1、高考资源网() 您身边的高考专家完形填空和语法填空二者共属高考浙江卷中的语言运用部分,二者虽题型不同,但宗旨都是考查考生在理解整体语篇的基础上具体运用语法知识和词语的能力。年份体裁题材考点分布动词(短语)名词(短语)形容词(短语)副词介词(短语)连词代词2019.6记叙文唤起对食物浪费的关注85430002018.11记叙文解救学生的手指116201002018.6夹叙夹议文充分利用时间95420002017.11记叙文Harvold救人的英勇故事126200002017.6记叙文保护书籍的故事9452000考纲解读1完形填空旨在考查考生的综合理解能力和语言运用能力:(1)要求考生能够领悟一篇
2、有空缺的语篇大意,结合全文,推出“未知”内容,具有主观性测试和客观性测试的双重特点。 (2)既可以在语篇中考查考生的英语基础知识,即语法、词汇知识;又可以考查考生运用所学语言知识的能力;还可以考查考生的英语文化背景知识;同时,考查考生把握上下文行文逻辑和整个篇章结构的能力。2完形填空的每个选项的取舍要受层次语境的影响。完形填空的考点层次从低到高可分为:词汇层次、句子层次、语篇层次。命题趋势完形填空是测试考生综合语言运用能力的填空补缺式障碍性阅读。它以语篇信息为基础,以中心脉络信息为主线,多层面反复式信息为暗示,纵横向立体式信息相照应,给考生提供足够的解题信息。预计今后的高考中会有以下命题趋势:
3、1综合考查考生的英语基础知识和语言运用能力,包括词汇运用能力、阅读理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力。2文章材料多以叙述为主,叙议结合。故事性记叙文仍会占主导地位,但夹叙夹议文会增多。3语篇层次设空增多,从而体现“突出语篇”的命题思路,测试考生对上下文衔接关系、行文逻辑等的综合理解,进而考查考生的思维能力。第一讲词汇篇高考完形填空主要是对考纲词汇的考查,重点考查考生在具体语境中准确理解和运用考纲词汇的能力。近几年高考完形填空对词汇在整体语篇中的灵活运用的考查尤为突出,主要涉及名词、动词(短语)、形容词和副词等实词的词义理解、一词多义的积累、熟词生义的推断以及近义词用法的辨析。
4、没有掌握好考纲中基础词汇的词义是造成失分的主要原因之一,而不能弄清意义相近词汇的细微区别则成为拿高分的障碍。考生要想得高分,准确掌握考纲词汇是基础,强化对多义词的掌握和对重难点词的积累是关键。超重点1词义理解考纲生僻词汇强化记忆动词动词及其短语的灵活运用是英语的特色之一,也是考生备考时的难点,因此每年都是完形填空的考查重点。做这类题时,考生不仅要掌握各项的具体含义,还要结合语境确定答案。从近三年的高考试题来看,其中不乏高频词汇之外的考纲内词汇,这就需要考生备考时做好知识储备。典例1(2019天津卷)After sharing the story online, I heard from som
5、eone,who 22 the lady as Erin Smith. Without 23.delay, I called to thank her. She said she 24.spotted my wallet on a bus seat.22A.selectedBappointedCidentified Ddefined解析C考查动词。根据语境,我上网发帖,有人告诉我说他认出了那位女士,她是Erin Smith。A项意为“选择”;B项意为“任命”;C项意为“认出”;D项意为“给下定义”。结合语境,故选C。典例2(2018浙江卷6月)Once that happened, I jus
6、t kept 44.pushing my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was 45 really late at night to get my work done.45A.hanging out Bstaying upCjogging round Dshowing off解析B考查动词短语。根据语境可知,我的这种拖延的习惯后来使我都要熬夜(staying up)到很晚才能完成作业。hang out闲逛;jog round围绕慢跑;show off炫耀。名词高考完形填空
7、对名词的考查主要分为两类:一是考查语境和词的匹配,此时所给选项的词形和词义往往不同,需要考生根据上下文或提示确定答案;二是四个选项或其中几个选项的词形或含义相近,需要考生进行辨析。从近几年的高考题来看,第一类考查频率较高。典例(2019天津卷)The 17.heartstopping moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the _18_ of that little wallet?The credit cards, the drivers lic
8、ense, the cash, all lost to the bus.18A.parts BcontentsCdetails Dingredients解析B考查名词。根据后面的“The credit cards,the drivers license,the cash”可知,本处谈的是“钱包里的东西(内容)”。B项意为“内容”。结合语境,故选B。形容词和副词典例1(2019全国卷)Hearing these stories, Im _44_ about the placeother destinations are described as “purer” natural experienc
9、es.44A.silent BskepticalCserious Dcrazy解析B考查形容词。上文提到乞力马扎罗山已经遭到破坏,我对这个地方开始持怀疑态度其他的目的地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。silent“沉默的”;skeptical“怀疑的”;serious“严肃的”;crazy“疯狂的”。结合语境,故选B。典例2(2018江苏卷)The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot 45.harder than they remember it was in their 20s. Raynor 46.ach
10、ed all over and desired a bath. Moth, meanwhile, after an initial 47.struggle,_found his symptoms were strangely 48.reduced by their daily tiring journey._49_, the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with refound strong muscles that they thought had 50.lost forever.49A.Initially BE
11、ventuallyCTemporarily DConsequently解析B考查副词。最后,这对夫妇发现他们的身体好转。eventually“最后,终于”,符合语境。完形填空选项中所给的词,是平时训练或阅读材料中出现频率较低的考纲词汇,如果平时不注意积累,考试时也就无法理解上下文提示,考生就容易失分。本书晨背部分对考纲词汇进行过滤筛选,按字母排序对生僻动词、动词短语、名词、形容词和副词进行总结。请背诵晨背P10完形填空生僻动词选项小结请背诵晨背P11完形填空动词短语选项小结请背诵晨背P13完形填空生僻名词选项小结请背诵晨背P14完形填空生僻形容词选项小结请背诵晨背P15完形填空常考副词选项小结
12、 超重点2词汇活用多义词语多积累,熟词生义巧推断一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考完形填空中不断出现的词汇活用现象。在英语中,除了术语以外,单义词是很少的,多数的词都是多义词,而往往词的意思越多,它的使用频率就越高。对一些熟悉单词的生僻含义,或者一些多义词在语境中的具体含义,考生往往把握不准,对做题造成了很大的障碍。所以考生在备考时要注意根据单词本义以及词根推断单词的生僻意义,并尽可能多地掌握多义词的含义。典例(2018北京卷)Mr. Smiths act _30_ much of the publics attention. He also won praise from social medi
13、a users after Mr. Anderson 31.posted about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32.raise money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received 8,000.30A.gaveBpaidCcast Ddrew解析D考查动词和熟词生义。史密斯先生的行为引起了公众的广泛关注。draw ones att
14、ention意为“引起某人的注意”。典例(2018浙江卷6月)He said without the job, he would 49.simply have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.college. He said that if he 51.quit the job, he would lose his _52_ to work and succeed.52A.heart BchanceCdrive Dway解析C考查名词和熟词生义。根据语境可知,此处表示“如果辞职,他就会失去工作和成功的动力”。drive
15、在此处为名词,意为“驱动,推动力”,符合语境。drive的熟义: v驾驶,开车。请背诵晨背P15一词多义&熟词生义小结超重点3词语辨析近义/形近词语细辨析英语中近义词、形近词的辨析是难点,高考完形填空题要求考生在理解文章大意的基础上,根据语境从所给的单词(短语)中做出正确选择。它所考查的是考生对所学词汇灵活运用的能力,这就要求考生复习词汇时要注重近义词、形近词的归纳。典例(2017江苏卷)For a long time Gabriel didnt want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Ga
16、briel would look pityingly at the music students, _36_ across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, 37.turning_up at school for practice hours 38.before anyone else had to be there.36A.travellingBmarchingCpacing Dstruggling解析D根据句中的“heavy instrument cases”可知选择struggling,表示“艰难地行进”。- 5 - 版权所有高考资源网