1、Unit 5 MusicPeriod 3 Discovering Useful Structures语法精析课素养目标1.Discover and understand past participles as the adverbial.2.Learn to distinguish past participles as different adverbials.3.Master how to rewrite the sentences with past participle.4.Learn to make sentences with past participle.语法精讲透析过去分词作
2、状语【体验悟】阅读下面课文原句,分析其黑体部分的用法。原句1Moved by this music,he said,“It was like seeing color for the first time.”原句2Born in the USA on 2 January 1970,Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.原句3Inspired,he asked his fans to make videos,which he then joined together into one performan
3、ce.【生成得】done作状语时,非谓语动词和主语之间是_关系。被动【研学析】一.动词过去分词形式可用作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等。这类状语可放在句子前面、后面或句中,并可拓展为一个状语从句或并列分句。1.表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词 when或while来强调时间概念。Told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.=When he was told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.=When told that
4、his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.李雷得知母亲生病了时,马上赶回了家。【内化用】Seen from the moon,the earth looks green.=_ _ _ _ _ from the moon,the earth looks green.=_ _ from the moon,the earth looks green.从月亮上看时,地球是绿色的。When he was asked what had happened,he lowered his head.=_ _ _ _ _,he lowered his head.
5、=_ _ _ _,he lowered his head.被问及发生了什么事时,他低下了头。When the earth is seenWhen seenWhen asked what had happenedAsked what had happened2.表示原因,相当于一个由as,because等引导的原因状语从句。Greatly inspired by the teachers words,he made up his mind to work at English even harder.=Because he was greatly inspired by the teachers
6、 words,he made up his mind to work at English even harder.在老师的鼓励下,他决心更加努力地学习英语。【内化用】Because the teacher was satisfied with what he did,the teacher praised him in class.=_ _ what he did,the teacher praised him in class.老师对他所做的事情很满意,于是在班上表扬了他。Because he was a bit frightened,he went back._ _ _,he went
7、back.因为有点害怕,他又回来了。Satisfied withA bit frightenedLost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.=_ _ _ _ _ deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。As he was lost/absorbed in注意:有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:be lost(迷路);be seated(坐);be lost/absorbed in(沉溺于);be dres
8、sed in(穿着);be addicted to(对上瘾);be buried in(埋头于);be determined to do(决定做某事);be faced with(面对着);be based on(以为基础)等【内化用】语法填空_(face)with difficulty,he never gives up.=_(face)difficulty,he never gives up._(dress)in white,he looks like a cook not a doctor._(dress)himself in white,he looks like a cook not
9、 a doctor._(bury)in work,he forgot to pick up his son.FacedFacingDressed Dressing Buried3.表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,过去分词前可用 unless,if等词。(1)If I am given a few more minutes,Ill finish it.=Given a few more minutes,Ill finish it.再给几分钟我就可以完成了。(2)Compared with you,I still have a long way to go.跟你比较起来,我还差得很远呢。【内化用
10、】语法填空_(plant)in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.(2019北京高考)Ordinary soap,_(use)correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.If the matter is seen in this way,the matter isnt so serious.=_ in this way,the matter isnt so serious.PlantedusedSeen4.表示方式或伴随情况动词的-ed形式作伴随状语,表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明,常置于句末,可以扩展成一个
11、状语从句或并列分句。The old man went into the room,(and he was)supported by his wife.在妻子的搀扶下,老人走进房间。【内化用】_ _ _ _,the professor sat there cheerfully.那位教授在学生的簇拥下,兴高采烈地坐在那儿。The teacher entered the classroom,_ _ _ _ _ _.老师进入教室,后面跟着一帮学生。5.表示让步,相当于一个 though/although引导的让步状语从句。Beaten by the enemy,he refused to let ou
12、t the secret.=Though he was beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.虽然经受了敌人的严刑拷打,但他拒绝告密。Surrounded by his studentsfollowed by a group of students【内化用】_ _,he didnt lose heart.尽管再次被击败,但他没有灰心。_ _ _ _,he makes his own way.虽然被别人嘲笑,但他依然我行我素。Beaten againLaughed at by others6.过去分词无论作什么状语,其逻辑主语应
13、是主句的主语。Seen from the mountain,we found the building is very small.Seen from the mountain,the building is very small.Written carelessly,he made a serious mistake in the letter.Written carelessly,the letter had a serious mistake.二.动词过去分词与动词现在分词作状语的区别一般来说,动词过去分词表示被动的意义;而动词现在分词形式则表示主动意义。(1)Working hard(
14、=If you work hard),you will succeed.如果你努力,你会成功的。(2)Though defeated(=Though he was defeated),he remained a popular boxer.尽管他失败了,他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。三.分词的独立结构1.分词作状语时,要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则,分词必须有自己的主语,这种带主语的分词称为分词的独立主格,在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件等。例如:The project finished,they had a two weeks leave.完成那个计划后,他们休了两周假。W
15、inter coming,it gets colder and colder.冬季来临,天气越来越冷。2.独立结构有时也可以用“with/without+名词(或代词的宾语)+分词”的结构,表示伴随状况。例如:They sat there silently,(with)their eyes fixed on the lake.他们静静地坐在那里,眼睛看着湖面。The children looked at us,(with)their eyes opening wide.孩子们眼睛睁得大大地看着我们。【内化用】语法填空Time _(permit),I will visit my old teac
16、her.With the boy _(lead)the way,we found the mans home without difficulty.The weather _(be)cold,we had to stay at home.The old man was walking,with his arms _(fold)across his chest.permittingleadingbeingfolded四.独立成分(插入语)与全句没有语法关系的句子成分叫作句子的独立成分。常见的有:generally speaking,一般来说;frankly speaking,坦白地讲;judgi
17、ng from从来判断;taking.into consideration把考虑在内;to tell you the truth说实话;compared with.与相比Generally speaking,people all believe what he has said.一般来说人们都相信他所说的。To tell you the truth,Im a little tired.说实话,我有点累了。【内化用】_,it rained heavily.更糟糕的是,天下起了大雨。_ his accent,he is from London.从口音来判断,他来自伦敦。_,he is the ki
18、nd of man that I like best.坦率地讲,他是我最喜欢的那类人。To make matters worseJudging fromFrankly speaking【常温故勤总结】过去分词作状语小结1.过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、让步等。2.过去分词作状语,表示被动。3.过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如果逻辑主语不一致用独立主格。.单句语法填空1.(2019北京高考)Nervously _(face)challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words“Be yourse
19、lf”.2.When _(offer)help,one often says“Thank you”or“Its kind of you”.3._(ask)about his address,the boy didnt respond.4.Generally speaking,if _(take)according to the directions,the drug will have no side effects.5.I stood before her with my heart _(beat)fast.课时素养达标facingofferedAskedtakenbeating6.Clea
20、rly and thoughtfully _(write),the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.7._(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age.8._(order)over a week ago,the book is expected to arrive at any time.writtenHaving spe
21、ntOrdered.同义句转换1.Give me another chance and I will do it better.=_ another chance,I will do it better.=If I _ _ another chance,I will do it better.2.As she was seriously injured,she was sent to hospital at once.=_ _,she was sent to hospital at once.3.As the problems were solved,the quality has been
22、improved.=The problems _,the quality has been improved.Givenam givenSeriously injuredsolved4.Although he was excited,he pretended to be calm.=_ _,he pretended to be calm.=_,he pretended to be calm.5.The hunter left his house and his dog followed him.=The hunter left his house,_ by his dog.Although e
23、xcitedExcitedfollowed.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A lot of films have tried to describe the afterlife and our memories of family members,1._ few have done as well as Coco,Disney Pixars2._(late)masterpiece animation,which hit the big screen on Nov.24,2017.3._(inspire)by the Mexican holiday of
24、 Dia de los Muertos Day of the Dead the films production team created a young boy,Miguel,who wants his family 4._(understand)his love of music.On that years Dia de los Muertos,5._ accident takes him to the Land of the Dead.In this land,there are friendly skeletons who can cross a bridge 6._(make)of
25、flower petals to visit their living family that is,as long as their families still put their photos on the family shrine(神龛).Those spirits who 7._(forget)by their families will disappear completely.So its in this magical world 8._ Miguel gets to meet and discover the truth about his great-great-gran
26、dpa.In an era when young people are so 9._(easy)attracted by celebrities,Coco reveals the emptiness of such flattery,teaching kids to preserve and respect the memory of their elders while 10._(remind)them that the source of true creativity is so often from the individual.1.【解析】but。考查连词。句意:很多电影都试图描述我
27、们的来世和我们对家人的回忆,但很少有人能像迪士尼皮克斯公司最新的经典动画片那样成功。前后分句是转折关系,要用并列连词but,故填but。2.【解析】latest。考查形容词。句意:但很少有人能像迪士尼皮克斯公司最新的经典动画片那样成功。最新的latest,故填latest。3.【解析】Inspired。考查非谓语动词。句意:影片团队的灵感来自于墨西哥亡灵节,他们创作了一个小男孩米格尔,他希望他的家人能够理解他对音乐的热爱。inspire与句子主语the films production team 是被动关系,应该使用过去分词,故填Inspired。4.【解析】to understand。考查非
28、谓语动词。want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事,固定结构。不定式作宾语补足语。5.【解析】an。考查冠词。句意:在那一年的亡灵节,一场意外将他带到了亡灵之地。一场意外an accident,accident是以元音音素开头的名词,前边用不定冠词an,故填an。6.【解析】made。考查非谓语动词。bridge与make 是动宾关系,故用make的过去分词形式作定语。7.【解析】are forgotten。考查语态。句意:那些被家人遗忘的灵魂将会完全消失。故填are forgotten。8.【解析】that。考查强调句型。句意:在这个神奇的世界里,米格尔遇见并发现了他的高祖的真相。分析句子可知,此处是强调in this magical world,根据强调句型的结构:It is/was+强调部分+that+其他,故填that。9.【解析】easily。考查副词。句意:在这样一个年轻人容易被名人吸引的时代。容易地easily,作状语修饰attracted,故填easily。10.【解析】reminding。考查非谓语动词。句意:教导孩子们保留和尊重长辈的记忆,同时提醒他们真正的创造力的源泉往往是来自个人。while连接并列成分,表示“与此同时”,前边是teaching,因此用动词ing形式,故填reminding。本课结束
