1、单元语法(二)表达完成的动词形式语法图解语法感悟单句语法填空1I expect you have_been_working (work) hard for your exams!2At least by the time I get back I will_have_read (read) that awfully boring book that my history teacher has_made (make) me read over the holidays.3If I had_realised (realise) it was that dangerous I would neve
2、r have stood so close!4He had_been_standing (stand) there for a minute or so when there was a noise.5He has_seen (see) the film Let the Bullets Fly twice.一、谓语动词的完成形式1基本形式时态形式意义现在完成时have/has done表示动作开始于过去，并延续到现在或过去动作对现在造成了一定的影响或后果过去完成时had done表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”将来完成时will/sha
3、ll have done表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作现在完成进行时have/has been doing表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，可能刚刚终止，也可能还要继续下去过去完成进行时had been doing表示过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态I have visited most of the cities in China since five years ago.五年来我已游遍了中国的大多数城市。Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.安很累，她一直努力工作。The play had alre
4、ady started when we got to the theatre.我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。They will have been married for 20 years by then.到那时他们将已婚20年了。Nobody knew what they had been doing all these years.没有人知道他们这些年都在干什么。2值得注意的几点：(1)现在完成时常见表达方式。for时间段；since时间点They have lived in Beijing for five years.他们在北京住了五年了。They have lived in Beijin
5、g since 1995.自从1995年以来他们一直住在北京。出现不确定的时间状语：lately, recently, just, already, yet, up to now, till now, so far, these days 等，常用现在完成时。Has it stopped raining yet?雨已经停了吗？表示“最近几年/月/周/天以来”等的时间状语：in the past few years/months/weeks/days; over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few
6、centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等，谓语用现在完成时。Owing to the heavy rain in the past few days, floods have occurred in some parts of the country.由于近几日大雨，全国有些地方发生了洪水。“It is (was) the序数词timethat 从句”，从句中用现在(或过去)完成时。It was the first time that he had seen his work in print.这是他第一次看见自己的作品出版。(2)现
7、在完成进行时是完成时和进行时的结合，它具备未完成性或特定的感情色彩。He has been sleeping all the afternoon.他已睡了一下午了。(3)过去完成时必须以过去某一时刻为起点，即“过去的过去”，因此只有在和过去的某个动作相比较时才能用到。He had prepared well before he stepped onto the stage of Avenue of Stars.在走上星光大道的舞台之前，他已做了充分的准备。即学即用1单句语法填空1In the last few years, China has_made (make) great achieve
8、ments in environmental protection.2Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has_been_reached (reach) so far by the two sides.3He has_been_learning (learn) English for 8 years, and hell keep on it.4The football fan was very tired because he had_been_watching (watch) the league match the who
9、le night.5We will_have_finished (finish) the job two days ahead of time if it doesnt rain.二、“情态动词have done”表示推测或责备can (could), may (might), must, should (ought to), need 等有时接have done 对过去动作或状态进行推测或责备。She cant have finished the work.她不可能做完了这个工作。He might have arrived now.现在他可能已经到了。She should have told
10、 me the news earlier.她本该早点告诉我这个消息的。三、非谓语动词的完成形式形式意义不定式to have done表示说话时，动作已经完成to have been doing表示在谓语动词动作之前一直在持续进行的动作动词inghaving done表示发生在谓语动词动作之前的动作You appear to have known the matter.你好像已经知道这件事情了。She is said to have been writing the novel about New York for years.据说多年来她一直在写这本关于纽约的小说。Having found a
11、 hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.在找好旅馆之后，我们就去找吃饭的地方了。He apologized to us for having broken his word.他因为违背诺言而向我们道歉了。即学即用2单句语法填空1Having_run (run) for two miles, both the man and the horse gave out.2I happened to_have_driven (drive) that kind of car before.3He apologized to us for not hav
12、ing_kept (keep) his promise.4Tom is said to have_been_working (work) in China for 10 years.5The room is empty, where can/could he have_gone (go)?.单句语法填空1George cant have_gone (go) too far. His coffee is still warm.2Having_noted (note) down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed me.3Im very
13、 sorry to have_kept (keep) you waiting for a long time.4I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom have I felt (feel) so lonely as now.5By the time he realizes he has_walked (walk) into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it.6If we dont hurry up, the store
14、 will_have_been_closed (close) before we get there.7Having_been_told (tell) many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake again.8This is what I have_been_expecting (expect) since my childhood.9I have been studying here for four years. By next summer I shall have_graduated (graduate)10John, who g
15、ot married last week, spent $3,000 more than he had_planned (plan) for the wedding.完成句子1They have_been_fighting for independence since the 1960s.他们从20世纪60年代以来一直在为独立而斗争。2At last they got the letter they had_been_expecting.最后他们收到了他们一直期待的信。3Before long he will_have_forgotten all about the matter.不久他就会完
16、全忘记这件事的。4Im sorry to_have_given you so much trouble.对不起，给你添了这么多麻烦。5I remembered having_given it back as soon as I got home.我记得我一到家就把它还了。6I suppose they must_have_known me since I was a baby.我想他们一定从我很小的时候就认识我了。7Having_finished my homework, I helped my mum do the housework.完成作业后，我帮妈妈做家务。8China is reported to have_launched another manmade satellite recently.据报道，中国最近又发射了一颗人造卫星。
