1、2018届高三模拟考试英语试卷2017.11阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help
2、 one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food. In the laboratory, chimps dont naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one
3、plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random -he just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative. From the earlie
4、st ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate a achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full tr
5、ying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught .but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train child
6、ren to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence.Developsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive（认知的）skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomtasell,thechildrendidnobetterthanthechim
7、psonthephysicalworldtests,butwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworldThe cure of what childrens minds have and chimps dont in what Tomasello calls what. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But that, even very young children want to be part of a sh
8、ared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.1. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps? A. Chimps seldom care about others interests.B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors food
9、.D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.2. Michael Tomasellos tests on young children indicate that they_.A. have the instinct to help othersB. know how to offer help to adultsC. know the world better than chimpsD. trust adults with their hands full3. The passage is mainly about _.A. the hel
10、ping behaviors of young childrenB. ways to train childrens shared intentionalityC. cooperation as a distinctive human natureD. the development of intelligence in children【答案】1.A 2.A 3.CBWhy College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the d
11、evelopment of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people
12、 of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage
13、 from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This pro
14、cess involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and q
15、uestioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing th
16、e challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strict
17、ly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm a
18、t times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion ab
19、out community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.4.Whats the authors attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?A. Symp
20、athetic B. Disapproving C. Supportive D. Neutral5.The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means.A. change B. choice C. text D. extension6.According to the author, what role should college play?A. to develop a shared identity among studentsB. to define and regulate students social behaviorC. to
21、provide a safe world without tension for students D. to foster students intellectual and personal development7.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. CC Hollywoods theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just
22、silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve o
23、ur purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.” A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things
24、: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of
25、fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives confl
26、ict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard. The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never al
27、lowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines. Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There
28、are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share
29、 the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who
30、expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.8. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .A. run out of human controlB. satisfy
31、 humans real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician9.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything succ
32、essfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches10.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .A. help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots affecting the world11.What does the
33、author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade. 【答案】8. A 9. A 10. D 11. CD A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one
34、of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U. S. Department of Agriculture, its an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since its all but impossible to find natura
35、l substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5 5 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container perhaps just a drinking cup to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. To construct a working stil
36、l, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of th
37、e line runs up and out the side of the hole. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered dir
38、ectly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suc
39、k the refreshment out through the tube, and wont have to break down the still every time you need a drink. 12. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A. Its delicate. B. Its expensive. C. Its complex. D. Its portable. 13. What does the underlined phrase “the water c
40、atcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube. B. The still. C. The hole. D. The cup. 14. Whats the last step of constructing a working solar still?A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the cup in place. C. Weight the sheets center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet. 15. When a solar sti
41、ll works, drops of water come into the cup form. A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole C. the open air D. beneath the sheet【答案】12.D 13. B 14. C 15. D第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 16 In gen
42、eral, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 17 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fert
43、ility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.18Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygersicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Th
44、ecommoncoldisagoodexample:women,onaverage,getfewercoldsthanmen.19Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawomansbodycellshaveatendency(向)toagemoreslowlythanamans.Othersthinkthatamansbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.20A. However,women,onaverage,li
45、velonger.B. Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart.C.Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes.D.Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway.E.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities.F.Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlife.G.Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbytheb
46、odytocontrolvariousbodyfunctions.【答案】16. A 17. G 18.D 19.C 20. E第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分)阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Years ago, a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever. I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorpora
47、tion for breakfast. While we were _37 ,Kurt askedme, “ John, what is your37for personal growth?Never at a loss for words, I tried to find things in my life that might38for growth. I toldhim about the many activities in which I was39. And I went into a40about how hard Iworked and the gains I was maki
48、ng. I must have talked for ten minutes. Kurt41patiently, but then he42 smiled and said, “You dont have a personal plan for growth, do you?”“No,I43.“You know,” Kurt said simply, “growth is not a(n)44 process.”And thats when it45 me. I wasnt doing anything46 to make myself better. And at that moment,
49、I made the47: I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my48.That night, I talked to my wife about my49 with Kurt and what I had learned. I50 her the workbook and tapes Kurt was selling. We51 that Kurt wasnt just trying to make a sale. He was offering a52 for us to change our lives and ac
50、hieve our dreams.Several important things happened that day. First, we decided to 53 the resources. But more importantly, we made a commitment to 54 together as a couple. From that day on, we learned together, traveled together, and sacrificed together. It was a55 decision. While too many couples gr
51、ow apart, we were growing together.36. A. workingB. preparingC. thinkingD. eating37. A. suggestion B. demand C. plan D. request38. A. appealB. lookC. callD. qualify39. A. involvedB. trappedC. lostD. bathed40. A. lectureB. speechC. discussionD. debate41. A. calculatedB. listenedC. drankD. explained42
52、. A. eagerlyB. graduallyC. gratefullyD. finally43. A. admittedB. interruptedC. apologizedD. complained44. A. automaticB. slowC. independentD. changing45. A. confusedB. informedC. pleasedD. hit46. A. on loanB. on purposeC. on saleD. on balance47. A. commentB. announcementC. decisionD. arrangement48.
53、A. lifeB. progressC. performanceD. investment49. A. contractB. conversationC. negotiationD. argument50. A. lentB. soldC. showedD. offered51. A. recalledB. definedC. recognizedD. declared52. A. toolB. methodC. wayD. rule53. A. provideB. buyC. giveD. deliver54. A. growB. surviveC. moveD. gather55. A.
54、difficultB. randomC. firmD. wise【答案】36.D 37.C 38.D 39.A 40. B 41. B42. D 43.A 44.A 45.D 46.B 47.C 48.A 49.B 50. C 51. C 52. C 53.B 54.A 55. D 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by
55、the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we e
56、at, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up
57、. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to e
58、xtremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 【答案】 61. as62. effects63. toprocess64. areremoved65. A66. worse67. is68. eating69. careful70. which第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉
59、及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。It is Mothers Day today. Though its a western festival, its popular in China now.Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the houseworks. She is a great mothe
60、r. Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mothers Day. We get up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping. When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. The dishes what I cooked were Moms fa
61、voritiest. At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mothers Day！”Mom was grateful and moving. 【答案】第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）It is Mothers Day today. Though its a western festival, its popular in China now. Mom has a full-time job, she has to do most of the . She is a great mother. Both Dad I planned to do
62、something on Mothers Day. We up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then wentshopping. When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in hand. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. The dishes I cooked were Moms . At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mothers Day！”M
63、om was grateful and . 第二节书面表达（满分25分）假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.表示歉意；2.说明原因；3.另约时间。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第二节书面表达内容要点：1.表示歉意 2. 说明原因 3. 另约时间One Possible Version:Dear Bob,Im sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. I have just found that I
64、 have to attend an important class meeting that afternoon. I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble. Shall we go on Saturday morning? We can set out early so that well have more time to read and select books. If its convenient for you, lets meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. If not, let me know what time suits you best. I should be available any time after school next week.Yours,Li Hua
