1、第一部分语法版块 第九讲 主谓一致 特殊句式语法填空解题技法面面观技巧一 就近就远，解决主谓一致1(2017天津卷)Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，_(regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.解析：三种锻炼形式与动词 regard 之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语后有 along with 连接的短语时，谓语动词的数应与主语保持一致，即与 cycling 一致，此处谓语动词应用单数形式，故填 is regarded。答案：is regarded2(2016全国
2、卷)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow_(be)often acceptable.解析：分析句子结构可知，句中动名词短语 leaving the less important thingsuntil tomorrow 作主语，故谓语动词用单数。答案：is技巧二 牢记句型，攻破强调句3(2017天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment_I first cameacross my new neighbors.解析：此处是“It is/was.that.”强调句式，强调的是 when 引导的时间
3、状语从句，故填 that。答案：that4(2016天津卷)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel_thecoach picks up tourists.解析：本题考查强调句型，at the hotel 是被强调部分，缺少强调句式中的that，故填 that。答案：that技巧三 识别标志词，破解倒装句5(2015天津卷改编)Only when Lily walked into the office_she realizethat she had left the contract at home.解析：only 修饰状语或者状语
4、从句位于句首时，主句谓语动词要用部分倒装，根据句子可判断此处借助动词来构成倒装，且根据题干可知是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。答案：did短文改错设题角度类类通类型一 主谓不一致错误1(2016浙江卷)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.解析：句意为：他会问我们是谁，并且假装不认识我们。ask 后的宾语从句的主语是 we，所以谓语动词用复数，而主句用了 would ask，所以谓语动词用过去时，故改 was 为 were。答案：waswere2(陕西卷)Suddenly the arrows was flying down at
5、us from the skythey lookedlike rain!解析：此句主语 arrows 为复数形式，故谓语动词也要用相应的复数形式。答案：waswere3(辽宁卷)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often upall night with the baby.解析：此处 barking 是动名词作主语，故谓语动词用单数形式。答案：havehas类型二 省略过程中偷梁换柱4(湖南卷改编)Children，when accompanying by their parents，are allowed
6、 toenter the stadium.解析：在状语从句中，当主句主语与从句主语一致，且谓语动词含有 be或 be 的某种形式时，可以省略从句中的主语和 be。从句的完整形式为 when they areaccompanied by.，省略了 they are。答案：accompanyingaccompanied5(2016全国卷)At last，I will be on my own，but I still want to have myparents to turn to whenever need help.解析：whenever 引导的时间状语从句缺了主语，根据句意可知，此处应加主语
7、 I。答案：whenever 后加 I类型三 强调句中连词使用错误6(福建卷改编)It was the culture，rather than the language，what made it hard forhim to adapt to the new environment abroad.解析：本句是一个强调句型，其基本结构是：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他，本句被强调部分是 the culture，rather than the language，故用 that。答案：whatthat类型四 漏掉倒装句中的助动词/情态动词/be 动词7(2015湖南卷改编)Only
8、 after talking to two students I discover that havingstrong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.解析：分析句子结构得知 only 引导的状语位于句首时要用部分倒装形式。部分倒装需要把助动词/情态动词/be 动词提前，根据句子可判断此处借助助动词did 完成倒装。答案：students 后加 did答题必备关键点考点一 主谓一致典例感悟1(2017合肥第一次检测)Its fun for amateurs to try，but to become good
9、at it，not only years of practice but also natural talent_(need)解析：考查主谓一致和被动语态。“not only.but also.”作主语，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则，故此处谓语动词应用单数。natural talent 与动词 need 之间是动宾关系，故用 is needed答案：is needed2(2017浙江宁波九校联考)Its said that not getting enough sleep_(lead)to poor judgement，lack of creativity，and even depressio
10、n.解析：从句中主语 not getting enough sleep 是动名词结构，谓语动词应用单数形式，根据主句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，所以填 leads。答案：leads3(2017福建福州十三中期中考试)About one thousand graduates took examsfor it，but only a few was chosen and I was one of them.解析：根据主语 only a few 可知，谓语动词用复数形式。答案：第一个 waswere4(2017贵阳监测)We can also see being honest are easier
11、 said than done.解析：考查主谓一致。动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。答案：areis5(2017甘肃兰州一中高三月考)Each student learn a foreign language，mostlyEnglish，from Day One of their compulsory education.解析：主语是 each student，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。答案：learnlearns6(2017吉林长春外国语学校第二次质量检测)You are the most considerateperson who know exactly what I need
12、 in our class.解析：know 是定语从句中的谓语动词，其形式由先行词 person 确定。由于 person 是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。答案：knowknows考向小结一、主谓一致的基础“3 原则”主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。1语法一致原则(1)主语后跟有 with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to 等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
13、The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chanceto go abroad last year.那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。My father，together with his workmates，has been to Beijing.我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。(2)and，both.and.连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and 连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词需用单数形式。Her teacher and her f
14、riends are in the sitting-room.她的老师和朋友都在客厅。The poet and writer has produced many works.这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。2就近一致原则(1)由 or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.或者是你或者是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。(2)由 there
15、，here 引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There are three chairs，a desk and a computer in the room.房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。3意义一致原则(1)“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done bytheir fathers.每一个人都有很好的理由为他们的父亲所从事的职
16、业感到骄傲。(2)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。二、主谓一致的 3 种特殊情况1“many a/more than one单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。2all，the rest，the remaining/part.主语，谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数意义而定。Th
17、e first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was dull.讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。3“几分之几/百分之几of名词”结构作主语时，一般根据 of 后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。About one third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有 1/3 值得一读。Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.昨天只做了 60%的工作。考点二 特殊句式结构要把握典例感悟1(2016全国卷)It could be a
18、nythinggardening,cooking,music，sportsbutwhatever it is，_(make)sure its a relief from daily stress rather than anotherthing to worry about.解析：句中动词短语置于句首，构成祈使句，故用动词原形。答案：make2(2017湖北襄阳四校联考)Although it was ten years ago_I read thebook,it shows me a universal truth that books are friends,always pushing
19、us to moveon.解析：分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，强调时间状语，所以填 that。答案：that3(2017广西梧州高三一模)Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent himpocket money while_(train)him.解析：根据宾语 him 判断，train 在此是动词，其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，且二者为主动关系，故填现在分词。答案：training4(2017湖北荆门调研)It wasnt until in high school_I began to trustother people again.解析：句意为：
20、直到上了高中我才开始再次信任别人。本句考查强调句型“It is/was被强调部分that其他成分”。答案：that5(2017湖南长郡中学等四校联考)There has a big library in our school.解析：句意为：我们学校有一个很大的图书馆。本题考查 there be 句型。没有 there have/has 句型。答案：hasis6(2017福建福州八中高三质检)Therefore，it was no doubt that I was leftalone，suffering from loneliness and failure.解析：there is no dou
21、bt that.是一个固定句型，意为“毫无疑问”。答案：itthere7(2017湖南株洲教学质量检测)How an interesting country to live in!解析：根据后面的名词 country 可知，应用 what 引起感叹。答案：HowWhat考向小结1强调句式(1)强调句式的常用结构：陈述句：It is/was被强调部分that/who.一般疑问句：Is/Was被强调部分that/who.?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat.?It is/was not until.that.It is only by listening to and understa
22、nding each other that problems betweenparents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解，孩子和父母之间的问题才可能被解决。It was not until twelve oclock last night that I went to bed.昨天晚上我一直到十二点才睡。Was it yesterday that you met your old friend in the supermarket？你是昨天在超市遇到你的老朋友的吗？(2)强调句式强调谓语动词时，要在所强调的谓语动词前加助动词 do，does 或
23、 did。The family did manage to send him to a technical school.家里的确设法让他上技术学校。2祈使句祈使句表“请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告”等。基本结构为：“动词(短语)原形连词句子(一般用将来时)”。有时为了加强感情色彩或特别指明向谁发出命令或要求时，可以加上 you，Mary，girls 等作为称呼。Tom，water the flowers today！汤姆，今天浇花！3反意疑问句反意疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分用陈述句形式，后一部分是一个附加在前一部分上的简单问句，本着“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则，附加问句部分的动词以及主语取决
24、于陈述句。Your parents had a long talk with you last weekend，didnt they？你的父母上周末和你进行了一次长谈，是吗？注意：祈使句的反意疑问句一般用 will you 或者 wont you 的形式。Lets 开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用 shall we；Let us 开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用 will you。4There be 结构(1)There be/stands/lies.有(2)There is no possibility that.没有可能性(3)There is no sense of doing sth.做没有意义(
25、4)There seems to be.看起来似乎(5)There is no need to do sth.做某事没有必要The Public Square is a famous sight of the city.There stand many stonesculptures of famous historical figures.大众广场是这个城市著名的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。5感叹句(1)what 引导的感叹句Whata/an(adj.)单数可数名词(主语谓语)!What a good heart you have!你的心肠真好！Whatadj.不可数名词/可数名词
26、复数！What interesting stories hes told us!他给我们讲的故事真有趣！(2)how 引导的感叹句Howadj./adv.(主语谓语)!How clever the boy is!这男孩真聪明！Howadj.a/an单数可数名词(主语谓语)!How clever a boy he is!这男孩真聪明！考点三 倒装原则要记牢典例感悟1(2017湖北荆州中学四次质检)Only then_we realize there was anearthquake.I was too frightened to move.解析：句意为：只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。我太害怕
27、了以至于一动不动。“Only状语”位于句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装。本句介绍的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故填 did。答案：did2(2017江苏连云港灌南华侨双语学校月考)Now，just in front of thehouse_(stand)a tall tree with a historyof 100 years.解析：句意为：现在，就在这座房子前面耸立着一棵有 100 年历史的大树。表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词，后面的主语、谓语部分需用全部倒装形式；根据时间状语 Now 可推知设空处需用一般现在时；本句主语为单数第三人称，故填 stands。答案：stands3So
28、 necessary_I found it to learn about mykids schoolwork that Iwill visit his teachers next week.解析：考查 so.that 倒装句式，正常语序为 I have found it so necessary to learnabout my kids schoolwork that I will visit his teachers next week.答案：have4Not a single word_he say when he wasasked,which made hisparents angry
29、.解析：否定副词 not 位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，由 when he was asked可知应用助动词 did 倒装。答案：did考向小结1在下列情形下需要使用部分倒装(1)当否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little，few，never，seldom，rarely，by no means，not only，not until，at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，in no way，no sooner，hardly，scarcely 等。Not only will help be give
30、n to people to find jobs，but also medical treatment willbe provided for people who need it.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些有需要的人提供药物治疗。Neither do I know it，nor do I care about it.我不知道这件事，也不关心。(2)当 only 修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，用部分倒装。(湖南卷改编)Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep goodrelationship
31、s with others.只有当你找到内心的平静时你才能与他人保持良好的关系。(3)so/neither/nor 置于句首时，用部分倒装。They love having lots of friends；so do those with disabilities.他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些身有残疾的人也是如此。(4)在 so/such.that.结构中，当“so形容词/副词”或“such名词”位于句首时，用部分倒装。So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他说英语说得如此清晰，以至于
32、别人都能听得懂。(5)在 as/though 引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。Hard as they tried，they couldnt make her change her mind。尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。2在下列情形下需要使用完全倒装(1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如 here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out 等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。The moment the bell rang，out rushed the children.铃一响，孩子们冲了出去。(2)当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。Next door to ours live a foreign couple，who seem to have settled into life inChina.我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇，他们看起来已经习惯了中国的生活。课堂巩固训练 点击进入WORD链接谢谢观看！
