1、十Unit 4Reading and Thinking. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词1. As theyre handmade, each one varies (不同)slightly. 2. The course is approved(批准)by the Department for Education. 3. The police had to employ(采取) force to enter the building. 4. The courier knows Greek, so he will interpret(口译) for us. 5. Medical opinion
2、 differs(相异) as to how to treat the disease. 6. Because the town sits in a valley(山谷), air pollution is not easily missing. 7. He sang and Alice accompanied(为伴奏) him on the piano. 8. But remember that return the favour(帮助, 恩惠)when he or she needs your help. 9. The demonstrators broke through heavy p
3、olice barriers(关卡). 10. The companies with reliable(可靠的)quality, perfect service, reasonable price win the trust of new and old customers. . 选词填空make inferences, break down, by comparison, by contrast, differ in, do a favour, kiss sb. on the cheek, get through, shake ones head, look down1. They diff
4、er in size but not in kind. 2. She had been waiting for Simon to break down the barrier between them. 3. I am not good at expressing myself. By contrast, I am better at thinking indeed. 4. My father kissed me on the cheek before he went to work. 5. He is always ready to do a favour for his classmate
5、s. 6. This might allow you to make inferences about a characters educational background and upbringing. 7. By comparison, this house has the advantage of low price and that house has the advantage of convenient transportation. 8. He looked down so that she should not see his eyes. 9. If you get thro
6、ugh a task or an amount of work, especially when it is difficult, you complete it. 10. In a typical fashion, he would close his eyes, make a long sigh slowly and shake his head. . 完成句子1. I can think of nothing better than a nice cold beer on a hot summer afternoon. 在夏季炎热的下午, 我想不出什么东西比一杯冰凉可口的啤酒更好。2.
7、It has been demonstrated that this drug is effective. 这药已被证实是有效的。3. Her dress is almost identical to mine. 她的连衣裙和我的几乎一模一样。. 阅读理解ACommunicating effectively means more than knowing what to say and when to say it. Communication involves the subtle signals your body language sends to those who are watch
8、ing. Here are some common body actions and the impressions they create: Fiddling (好动) Playing with your watch or a pen looks like youre bored or impatient. Clock watching It looks like youre to move on to something else. Tapping Tapping your feet or fingers suggests you are impatient or nervous. Sta
9、ring An unblinking (不眨眼的) stare conveys threatening or violent behaviour. Legs crossed or body hunched (弓背, 耸肩) Closing up your body profile becoming smaller looks like you lack confidence. Arms crossed If you keep your arms folded during communication, you appear to be defending yourself against th
10、e others. Touching your face When you have your hand in front of your mouth, you appear very shy. Rubbing your nose, looking away People who are lying often rub their nose or look away when speaking. No eye contact If you wont look the other speaker in the eye, you seem to have low interest or a lac
11、k of confidence. (Dont forget staring above. )How you communicate with your body language is just as important as what you say. Watch your body language and control the unconscious messages you might be sending. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。有效的沟通不仅仅意味着知道说什么和什么时候说。交流包括你的肢体语言向他人发送的微妙信号。文章介绍了一些常见的身体动作和它们给人的印象以及控制你的肢
12、体语言的重要性。1. Which of the following is not included in effective communication? A. Knowing what to say. B. Sending unconscious messages to other people. C. Saying the right thing at the right time. D. Getting information from the other speakers body language. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知, 有效的沟通不仅仅意味着知道说什
13、么和什么时候说。交流包括你的肢体语言向他人发送的微妙信号。所以, 向他人发送无意识的信息不是有效的沟通。故选B。2. Which of the following people looks shy according to the passage? 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章中的Touching your face When you have your hand in front of your mouth, you appear very shy. 可知, 摸脸当你把手放在嘴边时, 你会显得很害羞。再结合选项照片可知, C项图片中的人看起来害羞。故选C。3. If you want
14、to show confidence when communicating, you should _. A. cross your legs or hunch your bodyB. avoid direct eye contactC. look the other speaker in the eyeD. keep touching your face【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章中的No eye contact If you wont look the other speaker in the eye, you seem to have low interest or a lack
15、of confidence. 可知, 没有眼神交流如果你不看说话人的眼睛, 你会显得兴趣低或缺乏自信。所以, 如果你想在交流时表现出自信, 你应该看着对方的眼睛。故选C。4. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A. How to make a good impression on othersB. Can you read body language? C. Control your body language for effective communicationD. How to send ef
16、fective information through body language【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第一段及最后一段可知, 文章主要介绍了一些常见的身体动作和它们给人的印象以及控制你的肢体语言的重要性。所以, “控制你的肢体语言以达到有效的沟通”适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。B(2021长沙高二检测)Sign language, the primary form of communication of the deaf community, has been in use for hundreds of years. Youre probably most familiar with
17、 American Sign Language, but sign language is used all over the world and has nearly 150 variations. Sign language interpreters can be seen everywhere from classrooms and graduation ceremonies to major sporting events. When you think of sign language, you most likely imagine signers using their hand
18、s to form words and letters. However, hands are only one of the many different body language techniques that signers use to get their meaning across. In fact, much of the grammatical structure of sign language is not indicated by the signers hands. While the hands are responsible for forming the wor
19、ds themselves, markers called “non-manual elements” control much of the languages grammatical structure. Non-manual elements (or markers) are body language techniques that dont use the hands. These include head movements, body positioning and facial expressions. Used together with the signs, these e
20、lements give sign language a subtle and extremely complicated grammatical structure. Linguist Andrea Lackner from Alpcn-Adria University in Austria did a study that shows just how important these non-manual elements are to sign language users. The study assessed just how many different things non-ma
21、nual elements can do. For this study, all participants were deaf users of Austrian Sign Language. They watched a video of someone using sign language, and they had to describe the purpose of each non-manual element. The results were very complicated. For instance, things as subtle as the direction o
22、f the signers gaze can indicate whether or not a statement is hypothetical(假设的). A single head movement can indicate the emotion of a statement, or a signers feelings toward a hypothetical question. Body language is always important, but in sign language, it can change the entire meaning of a senten
23、ce! 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。手语是聋人交流的主要形式, 已经使用了数百年。然而, 手势只是手语者用来表达意思的多种肢体语言中的一种。本文主要介绍了非手动元素对手语使用者的重要性。5. What do signers use their hands to do mostly? A. To know peoples words and letters. B. To understand peoples meanings. C. To form the grammatical structure. D. To form words and letters. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第
24、二段第一句“When you think of sign language, you most likely imagine signers using their hands to form words and letters. ”可知, 当你想到手语时, 你很可能会想到手语者用他们的手来组成单词和字母。故选D。6. What do non-manual elements include? A. Words, sign language and body language. B. Head movements, body language and signs. C. Head movemen
25、ts, body positioning and facial expressions. D. Body positioning, facial expressions and signs. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知, 非手动元素(或标记)是不使用手的肢体语言技术。这些动作包括头部动作、身体姿势和面部表情。所以, 非手动元素包括头部动作、身体姿势和面部表情。故选C。7. What does the study show about sign language? A. The main function of the non-manual elements. B. Th
26、e importance of the non-manual elements. C. The influence of body language on sign language. D. The influence of sign language on body language. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Linguist Andrea Lackner from Alpcn-Adria University in Austria did a study that shows just how important these non-manual elements
27、 are to sign language users. ”可知, 来自奥地利Alpcn-Adria大学的语言学家Andrea Lackner做了一项研究, 表明了这些非手动元素对手语使用者的重要性。故选B。8. What may be the best title for the text? A. Non-manual Elements Counts in Sign LanguageB. Ways to Avoid Being MisunderstoodC. Grammatical Elements in Sign LanguageD. The Importance of Sign Lang
28、uage【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据本文内容可知, 文章主要论述了非手动元素对手语使用者的重要性。所以, 非手动元素在手语中很重要, A项最符合文意。故选A。. 阅读填句(2021绍兴高二检测)Thanks to TV shows like Lie to Me and so-called body language experts commenting on the candidates during the American election season, a number of misunderstandings about body language have become part
29、 of modern culture. Its time to clear the decks. So here goes: some surprising truths about body language. Much of what the experts tell you about body language is wrong. 1Actually, gestures can mean many things. If I cross my arms, I may be signaling my defensiveness, but I may also feel cold, tire
30、d or just getting comfortable. Whats more, I could be signaling all those things at once. 2 First, the pressure on experts. They have to sound definitive and give instant analyses for TV in an impatient world more interested in sound bites than truth. Second, the history of the study of body languag
31、e. So its natural for someone in this field to look at all the rest of gesturing with a bias (偏见) toward specific meanings. 3By the time most of us are adults, weve learned to mask our true feelings because we have to get along at work, at home, and in social settings. So we pretend to be interested
32、, we pretend to smile, we assume a calm expression when were actually delighted. But the face does sometimes give away our strongest feelings. You can learn to read what are called micro-expressionssudden appearances of true emotion through the mask of the facewith some training. 4To read body langu
33、age accurately, dont think about it. We humans have mirror neurons (神经元) in our brains that fire when our unconscious (无意识的) minds register an emotion in someone else, then we can share it and understand it. 5When we see fear, we react instantly, and unconsciously, in order to be ready to take quick
34、 action if necessary. That unconscious expertise is your best support in reading other peoples body language, because you already know whats going on. So just turn to your unconscious mind for reliable information about other peoples emotional intention. Lets start paying attention to your own exper
35、tise; thats where the real body language insights will come from. A. The misunderstanding comes from two sources. B. The face is a poor place to start reading body language. C. This special skill is an important part of our ability to survive as a species. D. And they typically show up when were try
36、ing to hide a very strong feeling. E. The biggest misunderstanding is that specific gestures have specific meanings. F. Youre much better at reading the body language of people you know than any expert. G. Your body constantly scans your surroundings and other people with your unconscious mind. 【文章大
37、意】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了专家给出的很多关于肢体语言的信息都是错误的。建议要准确地解读肢体语言, 求助于潜意识, 获得关于他人情感意图的可靠信息。1. 【解析】选E。根据上文Much of what the experts tell you about body language is wrong. 可知, 专家告诉你的很多关于肢体语言的信息都是错误的。所以, 本句承接上文继续说明这些错误信息有哪些。选项E中提到的 “最大的误解是, 特定的手势有特定的含义”符合上下文语境。故选E。2. 【解析】选A。根据后文First, the pressure on experts. (首先, 专家的
38、压力)以及Second, the history of the study of body language. (第二, 肢体语言研究的历史)可知是在说明误解产生的两个方面。故A选项“这个误解来自两个方面”符合上下文语境。故选A。3. 【解析】选B。根据后文So we pretend to be interested, we pretend to smile, we assume a calm expression when were actually delighted. 可知, 从面部表情来解读肢体语言并不准确, 因为人们的表情可以假装出来。故B选项“从面部表情开始解读肢体语言是不合适的”
39、符合上下文语境。故选B。4. 【解析】选D。根据上文But the face does sometimes give away our strongest feelings. 可知, 当我们试图隐藏强烈的感情时, 脸上的一些表情会泄露我们的感情。所以选项D中提到的 “当我们试图隐藏一种强烈的感情时, 它们通常会表现出来”符合上下文语境。故选D。5. 【解析】选C。根据后文When we see fear, we react instantly, and unconsciously, in order to be ready to take quick action if necessary.
40、可知, 当我们看到恐惧时, 我们会立即和无意识地做出反应, 以便在必要时能迅速采取行动。结合上文中提到的我们的大脑中有镜像神经元可知, 当我们无意识的大脑记录下别人的情绪时, 它们就会启动。所以选项C 中的“这种特殊的技能是我们作为一个物种生存能力的重要组成部分”符合上下文语境。故选C。. 完形填空(2021泰安高二检测)At Dayton School, one student has inspired a big change to the curriculum. Morey is the schools first 1 student. The school 2 the opportun
41、ity to teach all the students some sign language so as to make her feel 3. Now the walls of halls are lined with the language posters, and students have learned how to 4 more than 20 words related to school. “ 5 Morey came to our school, ”said school Principal Sampietro, “our students knew little ab
42、out the culture of sign language. ”The school installed(安装)a hearing system and 6 an extra teacher to receive special training in putting sign language into every class. Meanwhile, many teachers began using their free time to 7 sign language videos and read books on special 8 so as to help other pos
43、sible disabled students in the future. The class are also getting some 9 from Morey: “Morey helped all of them to 10the alphabet, ”Sampietro said. To reward the students hard11, the school invited the singer Cinderella who knows sign language to come to sing for the students and 12 her stories about
44、 friendship starting from sign language. “Most students in the school had not 13 other people with a hearing disability, ”said Principal Sampietro. “We wanted our students to 14 this isnt something they can 15 speak with Morey. ”【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。Dayton学校一个特殊的学生Morey给这个学校的课程带来了巨大的改变, 因为Morey听不见, 全校师生开始
45、学习手语, 老师们也开始学习针对有残疾的孩子的特殊教育, 大家让Morey感到受欢迎, 他也让大家有机会学会一种新的语言, 作为奖励, 歌手Cinderella也被邀请来学校分享了类似的经历。1. A. femaleB. blindC. deafD. foreign【解析】选C。根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“with a hearing disability”有听力障碍等内容可知, 学生开始学习“sign language”手语, 所以Morey是这个学校第一个有听力障碍的学生。故选C。2. A. refusedB. missedC. ignoredD. took【解析】选D。根据“to tea
46、ch all the students some sign language”可知, 学校想要借此机会教学生手语, 可以推断是抓住机会。take the opportunity意为“抓住机会”, 是固定短语。故选D。3. A. welcomeB. excitedC. anxiousD. puzzled【解析】选A。根据内容可知, 学校教学生手语, 使Morey能适应学校的生活, 从而使她感到受欢迎。故选A。4. A. hugB. kissC. shake D. sign【解析】选D。根据内容可知, 学校开了手语课, 所有学生应该是学会怎样做手势。故选D。5. A. AfterB. Before
47、C. WhileD. Since【解析】选B。根据第一段内容可知, Morey的到来让学校设置了这门课程, 所以在Morey来这所学校之前, 学生几乎不了解手语文化。故选B。6. A. forcedB. expectedC. forbadeD. asked【解析】选D。根据“an extra teacher to receive special training inputting sign language into every class. ”可知, 学校让一个专门的老师接受特殊训练。ask sb. to do sth. 是固定短语, 意为“让某人做某事”。故选D。7. A. produc
48、eB. watchC. sellD. release【解析】选B。根据“sign language videos ”可知, watch sign language video意为“看手语视频”, 老师为了教学需要而看视频学习。故选B。8. A. treatmentB. eventsC. educationD. tips【解析】选C。根据下文“. . . so as to help other possible disabled students”为了帮助其他有残疾的学生, 可知此处是指“有关特殊教育的书”, special education意为“特殊教育”。故选C。9. A. informa
49、tionB. assistanceC. lettersD. presents【解析】选B。根据后文Morey helped all of them 可知, Morey帮助他们学习字母表。所以这是Morey给大家的帮助。故选B。10. A. obtainB. buyC. studyD. invent【解析】选C。根据内容可知, 班级也收到了Morey的帮助, 学生们学习手语, 所以应该是Morey帮助学生们学习手语字母。故选C。11. A. workB. timeC. taskD. blow【解析】选A。根据内容可知, 为了奖励学生们的努力, 学校邀请懂手语的Cinderella来为学生们唱歌,
50、 分享她从学手语开始的关于友谊的故事。故选A。12. A. writeB. shareC. publishD. adapt【解析】选B。根据her stories about friendship starting from sign language. 可知, 学校邀请这位歌手分享自己学手语的故事来奖励学生们的努力。将故事分享给学生。故选B。13. A. recognizedB. troubledC. sympathizedD. met【解析】选D。根据内容可知, Morey是学校的第一个残疾学生, 所以大部分学生应该是没有遇到过有听力障碍的人。故选D。14. A. understandB. forgetC. reportD. promise【解析】选A。根据内容可知, 通过邀请歌手唱歌并分享她的关于从学习手语开始的故事, 可以推断学校希望学生学习手语不仅仅是和Morey进行交流。故选A。15. A. neverB. onlyC. seldomD. still【解析】选B。根据内容可知, 学校希望学生们能够帮助和关爱其他更多可能有残疾的学生, 而不仅仅是为了和Morey进行交流。故选B。
