1、2012届高考英语二轮专题复习精品之必备词汇辨析(六)1、fairly, quite, rather这三个副词都可用来说明形容词和副词的程度,十分容易混淆。1)fairly意为“相当,还算”,是这一组词中语气最轻的一个。quite为“相当,或多或少地,在某种程度 上”,语气比fairly稍强。rather为“相当,有点,颇”,在这三个副词中语气最强。试比较下列各句: This film is fairly good.这部电影还可以看看。 Your composition is quite good.你的作文还不错。 His homework is rather good.他的作业相当不错。 又
2、如: This book is fairly easy.这本书还算浅易。 He is quite grown up.他差不多长大成人了。 That is rather hard to explain right away.要立即说明是颇有难度的2)fairly只用于修饰褒义的形容词和副词,如可以说She is fairly clever,不可说She is fairly foolish。rather主要用于贬义,如rather poor/bad/stupid/ugly,但它也可以用在某些褒义的形容词和副词前,具有比fairly更强烈的褒义,相当于very,如rather good/ well/
3、pretty /clever。另外,若在没有褒贬意义的词前用fairly,表示说话人赞同;若用rather,则表示不赞同。试比较: This soup is fairly hot.这汤蛮热的。 This soup is rather hot.这汤太烫了。 She is fairly tall for her age.就她的年龄来说,她长得算是高了。 She is rather tall for her age.就她的年龄来说,她长得过于高了。3)rather可与too及比较级连用,而fairly和quite则不可。如: My mother is rather better today.我母亲今
4、天病好多了。 This book is rather too difficult for the juniors and rather too easy for the seniors. 这本书对低年级学生说来未免太难,对高年级学生说来又嫌太容易。4)quite和rather还可和动词连用,fairly则不可和动词连用。如: This does not quite satisfy me.这没有完全使我满意。 I dont quite follow you.我不大懂你的话。 They rather expected to win the match.他们颇想赢得这场比赛。 I rather li
5、ke her.我相当喜欢她。5). quite和rather都可修饰名词,但须放在不定冠词前。如: That was quite an accident.那是一次不太寻常的事故。 Its rather a pity.这真是相当遗憾。当名词前有形容时,quite和rather可放在不定冠词后,也可放在不定冠词前。如:They had a quite good time. 也可说quite a good time。It is a rather cold day. 也可说rather a cold day。2、familiar with, familiar to这两个形容词短语都表示“熟悉”的意思,
6、但用法不同。familiar to表示“(某事)对(某人来说)是熟悉的”意思;因此,句子的主语总是表示事物的名词,介词to后接人称名词或代词的宾格形式。例如:This subject is familiar to us.我们熟悉这个课题。These are the rules that are familiar to every schoolboy.这些是一个学童都熟知的规则。familiar with则表示“(某人)对(某事)是熟悉的,精通的”的意思。因此,句中的主语总是人称名词或代词,介词with后接事物名词。如:We are all familiar with the three sta
7、tes of matter.我们都熟悉物质的三态。They are familiar with English.他们精通英语。3、fall, drop两者均表示“落下”。fall表示物体由于本身的重量失去平衡或其他原因向下坠落,多为无意识的行为。它是不及物动词。fall也常作连系动词,表示“变得,进入某种状态”。drop表示物体由高处往低处落下,或让物体落向低处。它既可指有意识的行为,也可指无意识的行为,当指无意识的行为时,可与fall交换使用。drop为及物动词或不及物动词。如:The man fell/dropped from the top of the building.(两者都指无意
8、识的行为。)Her hair falls to her shoulders.(指无意识的行为。)Many trees fell in the storm.(指无意识的行为。)One after another, all three of them fell asleep. fall作连系动词。)He dropped a letter into the post-box.(指有意识的行为。)The enemy plane dropped several bombs.(指有意识的行为。)4、famous for, famous as这两个形容词短语都表示“以而出名”的意思。但在用法和含义上有异。f
9、amous for 主要有三种用法:1主语是表示人的名词或代词时,意为“以某种知识技能,作品或特征而出名”。2主语为地点名词时,表示“以某种特产或特征出名”。3主语为事物名词时,表示“以其内容,特征,价值等而被人所知”。如:He is famous for his skill in playing football.他因球艺而出名。The area is famous for its green tea.这个地区以产绿茶而著称。Guilin is famous for its beautiful scenery.桂林因美丽的风景而著称。This grammar book is famous f
10、or its practical usage.这部语法书以其实用而出名。famous as 也有三种用法:1当主语是表示人的名词或代词时,意指“以某种身份或职业而出名”。2当主语为地点名词时,表示“作为什么产地或地方而出名”。3当主语为事物名词时,表示“以某种形式而出名”。如:Mark Twin was famous as a children-story writer.马克.吐温作为儿童故事作家而著称。This area is famous as a green tea producing place.这个地区作为绿茶产地而著名。This book is famous as a refere
11、nce book.这本书作为参考书而出名。5、fartherfurther这两个词都是far的比较级形式。1farther和further都可指具体的距离,即空间时间上的“较远”。如: Lets not go any farther/further.我们别再走了吧。 The service desk is at the farther/further end of the hall.咨询处在大厅稍往里的地方。2further还可用于抽象的引申义,如时间,程度和数量等,表示“进一步,更进一层”,此时,不能与 farther换用。如: I may be able to give you some
12、further information about it. 关于这个问题,我还可以给你一些 信息。 The problem will be further discussed at the class meeting. 这个问题在班会上还将进一步讨论。6、favourable, favoured, favourite这三个形容词尽管词根相同,但在意义上有所差异。favourable主要有下列三种意思:1. 赞许 2.有利的 3.讨人喜欢的,良好的。例如:The teacher made a favourable report on the boys work at school.教师报告说,该
13、生在校成绩优良。It was a favourable time for our trip, since business was light.生意清淡,正是我们旅行的好时光。He made a favourable impression on his future colleagues.他给他未来的同事留下良好的印象。favoured在表示“有利的(条件或地位等)”的意义时,一般可用favourable代替;有时favourite也有这一含义。此外,它还可表示“受优惠的,优惠的”意思。如:He has gained a favoured (or: favourable/favourite)
14、position.他已取得了有利的地位。This country cannot have the treatment of the most-favoured-nation clause.这个国家不能享有最惠国条款上的待遇。favourite作形容词时,主要表示“最受人喜欢的”意思。它还可用作名词,表示“最受人喜欢的人或物”。如: My favourite type of food is Chinese food.我最喜欢的食品是中国食品。Who is your favourite novelist?谁是你最喜欢的作家?He is a favourite writer.他是最受人喜欢的作家。T
15、his book is a great favourite of mine.这是我最喜欢的一本书。His last son, John, is his favourite.他的小儿子约翰是他最喜欢的。7、far too, too far1)修饰形容词和副词的too可以被far修饰,以示强调。far too即表示“实在太,过于”的意思。如: The coffee is far too hot.咖啡过于烫了。 He was at the airport far too early.他来飞机场太早了。2)too far是“太远了,太过分”的意思。在词组结构里,副词too(过于,太)被用来修饰形容词或
16、副词 far。如: It is too far to the music hall.离音乐厅太远了。 Youve gone too far. 太过分了。3)除far以外,too还可以被all, rather, much等修饰,表示“实在太”,或被a bit修饰,表示“有点儿”。如: The holidays were all too short.假期太短了。 Youre going much too fast.你走得太快了。 This dress is a bit too small for me.这条裙子对我来说太小了点儿。8、find, find outfind是及物动词,表示“找到,发现
17、”的意思,其后可跟名词,复合结构或that从句。如:I have looked for him several hours, but I havent found him yet.我找了他好几个小时,但还是没有找到。I found it necessary to learn French if you know English.我发现如果你懂英语的话,有必要学法语。find out是一个短语动词,表示通过研究,观察或调查等一系列工作后“找出或发现”,其后一般跟名词,代词或从句。如:We soon found out that he was a secret agent.我们很快查明他是个特务。
18、They have found out the truth.他们已经查明了真相。9、fast, quick, rapid这一组形容词表示“快的,迅速的”。1)fast多指运动着的人或物体本身具有高速度的特点,或指一段时间内持续的快速运动。quick一般用于指迅速的,一瞬间的或短暂的动作与反应,侧重匆忙的含义,不强调速度。它另可指智力方面反应灵敏, 以下例句和短语中的fast和quick都不能相互替换: a fast runner, a fast train, a fast job, a quick turn, a quick answer, be quick about ones work。又
19、如: The clock is five minutes fast.这只钟快了五分钟。 He was such a fast talker that nobody could understand him.他说话如此之快,以致于没有人能 听懂他的意思。 She is very quick at learning languages.她学语言很快。 He had a quick mind, and answered all the questions put to him by the reporter.他反应很快,回答了记者提出的所有问题。2)rapid常与fast相互换用,但前者侧重动作本身
20、,后者常指动作中的人或物体。rapid有急促的含义,它所指的动作可能是一个或一连串的。如:rapid progress, rapid pace, rapid practice。又如: The improvement in her health is rapid.她恢复得很快。 This school promised rapid results in the learning of languages.这所学校承诺在语言学习方面见效相当快。3)这一组词的副词也有同样的区别。如: He speaks fast. Come here quickly! She ran rapidly up the
21、stairs.10、first, firstly, at firstfirst表示“第一,首先”的意思,可以用作形容词或副词。如:This is the first time that Ive heard of it.这是我第一次听说。To answer this question, we must consider a few factors first.为了回答这个问题,我们必须首先考虑几个因素。firstly只用于列举事实或论点,如:第一,第二,最后(firstly, secondly, lastly),此时,可与first, second, last互换使用。如:Firstly (or
22、: First) brush your teeth, secondly (second) wash your face.你先刷牙,后洗脸。at first表示“起初”的意思,它有at the beginning的含义,主要相对“后来”而言的。如:At first, he found English difficult.他起初觉得英语很难学。If at first you dont succeed, try, try, and try again.如果你第一次未成功,就应该多试几次。11、fault, mistake1)fault作“过失,缺点,毛病”解,指道德、性格和习惯上的弱点或行为上的过失
23、,也指违反某一规定所造成的错误。如: He is still a good boy with all his faults.他尽管有这样那样的过错,但还是一个好孩子。 It was the boys fault. He didnt obey the traffic rules.是那个孩子不好,是他没有遵守交通规则。2)mistake作“错误,过失,误会”解,指因认识不足或判断失误而无意中犯下的错误。如: Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Ill give you a change. 因为很多人在一生中都会犯错误,所以我会给你一个机会。 T
24、he mistake was made entirely through your fault.出了这个错完全是由于你的过失。12、for a moment, for the moment, in a moment, at the momentfor a moment常与持续性动词连用,表示“一会儿,片刻”的意思。如:Please wait for a moment.请等一下。He read the paper for a moment and went out.他看了一会儿报纸,就出去了。for the moment常用于现在时,意为“暂时,目前”。如:Stop discussing for
25、 the moment, please.请暂停讨论。Lets leave things as they are for the moment.让我们暂时维持现状吧。in a moment常与终止性动词连用,一般用于将来时,表示“一会儿,立即,马上”等意义。如:Ill come back in a moment.我马上就回来。Hell meet you in a moment.他一会儿就见你。at the moment用于现在时,表示“此刻”的意思;用于过去时,表示“那时”的意思。如:Im busy at the moment.我此刻很忙。I was busy at the moment.我那时
26、很忙。13、festival, holiday, vacation1)festival意为“节日”,指喜庆日和持续一段时间的文娱活动,如the Spring Festival(春节),the film festival(电影节),the TV festival(电视节)。2)holiday为“假日,休息日”,主要指按风俗习惯或法律规定的纪念日及休息日。其复数形式可表示延续一段时间的“假期”,美式英语中则习惯用单数。如:a pleasant Roman holiday (愉快的罗马假日), the Christmas holidays (圣诞节假期),the school holiday (学校
27、的假期)。3)vacation为“假期”,指放下工作与学习的一段常时间的休息时间,常可用holidays替换。如 a paid vacation (带薪假期),the winter vacation/holidays (寒假),the summer vacation/holidays (暑假)。14、free, freelyfree用作副词时,主要表示下列两种意义:1.“自由地,随意地(in a free manner)” 2.“免费地”。如:Dont let the dog run free on the main road.不要让狗在公路上随意乱串。Babies are allowed t
28、o travel free on buses.婴儿乘公共汽车可以免费。freely也可表示“自由地,随意地”的意思,可以与free互换。它还常用于以下四种含义:1. 自愿地,坦诚地;2. 活动和行为“没有阻力地”;3. 慷慨地,大方地;4. 大量地。如:I freely admit that what I said was wrong.我主动承认我所说的不对。You may speak quite freely in front of me. I shall not tell anyone what you say.在我面前,你可以坦诚地谈,我不会把你说的话告诉别人的。Oil the whee
29、l, then it will turn more freely.给轮子上点油,那么它会转得更好。He gives freely to many organizations that help the poor.他对那些帮助穷人的组织慷慨援助。The wound was bleeding freely.伤口大量出血。15、fine, good, well这三个形容词都表示“好”。 1)fine作“好”解时,程度胜过good。它可以指人的身体安好,还可用来指优秀,高尚,优美,文雅,令人满意,天气晴朗等。它另可表示纤弱,稀薄,细致,精致,单纯等。如fine weather (好天气), fine
30、artist (优秀的艺术家),fine salt (精制盐),fine gold (纯金)。 2)good是一个意义极其广泛的词,几乎可用来指除“健康”以外的所有的“好”,如美好,美丽,良好, 愉快,高明,充分,完全,适当,正确,有效,亲切,有礼貌,精神好及质量好等。如:good days, good students, a good chance, a good book, good looks。3)well用作形容词时,只能表示身体和情况的“良好”,即指身体正常或痊愈,情况顺利或处于令人满意的状态,不能用来指工作,学习与劳动等方面的“好”。它着重指一时的或某一段时间的状态。well在句中
31、只能作表语,不能作定语。试比较: He looks good.他看来是个好人。 He looks well.他看来很健康。 Im feeling very good.我感到情绪很好。Im feeling very well.我感到身体很好。又如:The patient didnt feel well after the operation.术后,病人没有感到身体有好转。I am not well.My head aches.我不太舒服,头很疼。Everything is well with us.我们一切都好。All is not well in that mountainous country.那个山村的情况不太好。高考资源网w w 高 考 资源 网