1、课时作业(十九)选修Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld.阅读理解A2021成都市高三诊断检测PeopleoftenaskhowIdecidewheretogo, andIusuallygethesitatedwithmyresponse, asIdontactuallyhaveananswertothat.Formorethanthreeyears, Ihavebeenmakingmovementswiththeuniverse, travelingfromonelocationtoanotheratseeminglyrandomintervals.Afriend
2、ofminepostedamessageonlineaskingifanybodywasinterestedinajobteachingEnglishinChina.SoIjumpedonacomingplane.Walkingintomyfirstclass, Iwasbombedby16strangechildrenwhocouldntunderstandasinglewordoutofmymouth.WhenIwalkedoutofmylastclass, sixmonthslater, Ihadmadeapersonalconnectionwiththem.Someofmystuden
3、tscouldbarelyspeakChineseorEnglish.Butsomehow，throughdeterminationandforce, wewereconnected.EveryclasswasnotonlyalessoninEnglish, butingoodfellowship, beingarolemodel, beingaparent, andbeingafriend.Ibecameafathertosome,anolderbrothertoothers.Iwaslovedandadored, fearedandhated.Ihadtolearndiscipline,
4、andnotonlyhowtodealitout, buthowtodisciplineandconductmyselfasarolemodel.Butinbetweenthediscipline, Ihadtomakelearningafunexperience.AndtheyforgavemewhenIyelledorgotupset.Andwhentheylosttheirtempersorbruisedtheirkneesormissedtheirmommies, Iforgavethem, kissedtheirbruisesbetter, andgavethemashouldert
5、ocryon.TeachingEnglishinChinais, byfar, themostemotionallyrewardingandfulfillingthingIveeverchallengedmyselftodo.Ihavewalkedawayfromthisjobwithasoftenedheart, knowingthatIhavemadeadifferenceinsomanylives.Iwantthat.Iwantmyteachingtobereciprocalbecausetheytaughtmehowtounconditionallyopenmyheartandhowt
6、obeamorelovingandpatientperson.1WhatcanwelearnaboutthewriterbeforehecametoChina?AHedidnthaveafixedjob.BHewasaprofessionalwriter.CHeworkedinatravelagency.DHetaughtinalanguageschool.2Whatwasthesituationlikewhentheauthormethisstudentsforthefirsttime?AHard.BExciting.CTouching.DInspiring.3Whatcanweinfera
7、bouttheauthorfromParagraph3?AHewascasualandpatient.BHewasresponsiblebutsensitive.CHewascautiousbutbadtempered.DHewasselfreflectiveandconsiderate.4Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reciprocal”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?ABeneficial.BInteracted.CEncouraging.DAcceptable.B2021成都市毕业班第二次诊断检测Africanpenguins (Sphe
8、niscusdemersus) beartheunfortunatenickname“jackasspenguins”becausetheycommunicatethroughhonking, donkeylikesounds.Laughatthemifyoulike, butanewstudysuggeststhattheirjackasslanguageactuallyfollowsthesamebasicrulesasours.InthestudypublishedinthejournalBiologyLetters, researchersrecordednearly600vocali
9、zations (发声) from28adultmalepenguinslivinginItalianzoos.Malestendtovocalizealotduringthematingperiod, whichiswhytheresearchersturnedtothispopulation.ThescientistsknewfrompreviousresearchthatAfricanpenguinshonkusingthreedistincttypesofsounds, similartohumansyllables (音节), whengreetingoneanother, mati
10、ng, ordefendingterritory.Buttheresearcherswantedtoknowwhetherthose“syllables”followedtwocommonlinguistic (语言学的) rules.Oneofthoserules, calledZipfslawinshort, wasproposedin1945bythelinguistGeorgeKingsleyZipf.Thelawstatesthatthemorefrequentlyawordisusedinanylanguage, theshorterittendstobe (thinkofword
11、slike“the”，“to”and“of”inEnglish).Previousstudieshaveanalyzedmorethan1,000worldlanguagesforevidenceofZipfslaw, andtheruleholdsupinallofthem.Theotherrule, knownastheMenzerathAltmannlaw, saysthatthelongerawordorphraseis, theshorteritscomponentsyllablesare, whileshorterwordsaremorelikelytohavelongersyll
12、ables.Theword“onomatopoeia”，forexample, ismadeofsixveryshortsyllables, while“couch”ismadeofonelongerone.Previousstudieshaveshownthatnonhumanprimatesfollowboththeseruleswhentheycommunicatewitheachother, butwhataboutjackasspenguins?Theresearchersofthenewstudyfoundthatthesongsofthemalejackasspenguincon
13、formtobothZipfsandMenzerathAltmannslaws: Theshortestcallstendedtobethemostcommon, andthelongestphrasesweremadeupoftheshortestsyllables.Thisstudyprovidedthefirstnonprimateevidencethatthesecommonlinguisticpatternsextendintotheanimalkingdom, theauthorswrote, andthatsnothingtohemandhawat.5Whydidtheresea
14、rcherschooseadultmalejackasspenguins?ATheycanvocalizedifferentkindsofsounds.BTheyaremoreaccessiblethanotherpenguins.CTheycommunicatewitheachotherthroughhonking.DTheymakesoundsfrequentlyduringthematingperiod.6Whatdoestheauthortrytoexpressbymentioningthewords“the”，“to”and“of”inEnglish?AGeorgeKingsleyZ
15、ipfsideaisreasonable.BThesewordsareextremelysimple.CPreviousstudiesareverymeaningful.DEnglishisquitesimilartootherlanguages.7WhichofthefollowingfullyexplainswhattheMenzerathAltmannlawmeans?AEggandfood.BContradictoryandshout.CLearnandearn.DDiscriminationandprescription.8Whatconclusionhasthenewstudyma
16、de?AManylanguagesfollowthesamelinguisticrules.BJackasspenguinscommunicatewitheachotherbyhonking.CJackasspenguinslanguageandthehumanlanguagesharethebasiclinguisticrules.DZipfslawandMenzerathAltmannlawarecommonlyappliedrules.七选五2021广州高三调研LearningtounderstandspokenEnglishcanbedifficult.Learnersmustnoto
17、nlymasternewphrases, butalsolearnconversationalidioms.Thatsalottolearn! Buttheymaysoonrealizethereissomethingelsegoingon._1_Thesedifferentstylesofspeakingarecalled“registers”.Intheirwork, languageexpertsidentifythreemajorfactorsthataffecttheregisterofspokenEnglish: theplaceoftheconversation, therela
18、tionshipbetweenthespeakers, andthepurposeoftheconversation._2_Eventwobestfriendswhoworkandlivetogethermayspeakmoreformallytoeachotherintheoffice.Athome, onemightsay, “Cmon, Iwannaleave.”Thesamepersonatworkmightsay, “Areyoureadytogonow？”Therelationshipbetweenthespeakersalsoaffectsthelanguagetheyusewh
19、entalkingwitheachother.Peoplespeaklessformallytofriendsandmoreformallytostrangers._3_Peoplewhoknoweachotherwellmightusemoreidiomsandmoreslangintheirspeech.Anangrywomanmighttellherdaughterto“hushyourmouth”andhersisterto“quietdown”Finally, thepurposeoftheconversationaffectspeoplesspeech.Apersonwhowant
20、stoeasehurtfeelingsusesasoft, quiettone._4_Fewspeakersrealizethattheychangeregistersaccordingtothesefactors._5_Wearenotawarethatwemakethesechanges.Weacceptthechangeabilityoftheweather, butweoftenrefusetoacceptthechangeabilityofspeech.AInfact, mostpeoplestronglydenyit.BPeoplegenerallyspeaklessatworkt
21、hantheydoathome.CTheverysamepersonspeaksdifferentlyindifferentsituations.DTherefore, weshouldbecarefulnottohurteachotherwithourspeech.EOntheotherhand, apersonwhowantstopickafightspeaksrapidlyandloudly.FTheplacewheretheconversationtakesplacedirectlyaffectsthelanguageoftheconversation.GBecausetheyalre
22、adyshareinformationandexperiencewithfriends, theydonotneedtoexplainasmuch.语法填空2021浙江五校联考A3yearoldboywhowaslostinthewoodsfortwodaysisnowsafeathomewithhisfamily.ButCaseyHathawaytold1._ (he) rescuersthathewasnotaloneinthewet, freezingcoldwoods.Hesaidhewaswith2._friendabear.ThechildwentmissingonJanuary2
23、2while3._ (play) withfriendsathisgrandmothershouseinthesouthernstateofNorthCarolina.WhentheotherchildrenreturnedtothehouseandCaseydidnot, thefamilysearchedtheareaforalmostanhour4._callingthepolice.Policeformedasearchandrescueteam5._ (look) fortheyoungboyinthenearbywoods.6._twodayswentbyandstillnoCas
24、ey.ThenonJanuary24, someonecalledthepolicesayingtheyheardachildcryinginthewoods.Policefollowedupontheinformationandsearchedthatparticulararea, 7._theyfoundCaseyatabout9：30thatnight.Theypulledhimoutofsomebushes.Hewasingoodhealth.Caseytoldtherescuersthathe8._ (hang) outwithablackbearfortwodays, abearh
25、ecalledhis“friend.”SheriffChipHughesspokewithreportersfromseveralnews9._ (agency).HesaidCaseydidnotsayhowhewasabletosurviveinthewoodsfortwodaysinthecold, 10._ (rain) weather.课时作业(十九).阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我个人经历作者在中国教英语的经历【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了作者在中国教英语的经历及感悟。1答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“For more than three years, I
26、have been.seemingly random intervals”可以推断，作者在来中国之前并没有稳定的工作，故A项正确。2答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Walking into my first class，I was bombed by 16 strange children who couldnt understand a single word out of my mouth”可推知，作者第一次见到学生时，情况是艰难的，故选A。touching意为“动人的，令人同情的”；inspiring意为“鼓舞人心的”。3答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“I had
27、 to learn discipline，and not only how to deal it out，but how to discipline and conduct myself as a role model”可推知，作者善于自我反思，并结合“I forgave them，kissed their bruises better, and gave them a shoulder to cry on”可推知，作者是体贴的，故选D。4答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。本句是一个主从复合句，根据原因状语从句“because they taught me how to unconditionall
28、y open my heart and how to be a more loving and patient person”可知，因为作者的学生教会了他如何无条件地敞开心扉，如何成为一个更有爱心、更有耐心的人，所以他希望自己从事的教学工作是互惠的(自己和学生都有所收获)，B项的含义与画线词的含义最为接近，故选B。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会研究发现非洲企鹅的语言规则【语篇解读】非洲企鹅有“公驴企鹅”的绰号，因为它们通过发出像驴一样的叫声进行交流，但一项新的研究表明，非洲企鹅的语言和人类语言遵循相同的基本语言学规则。5答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Males tend t
29、o vocalize a lot during the mating period，which is why the researchers turned to this population”可知，研究人员之所以选择雄性非洲企鹅是因为它们在交配期频繁发出声音，故选D。6答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“the rule holds up in all of them”可推知，作者列举在英语中使用的三个单词是为了说明齐夫定律是合理的，故选A。hold up意为“支撑得住”。7答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“MenzerathAltmann law, says t
30、hat the longer a word or phrase is, the shorter its component syllables are, while shorter words are more likely to have longer syllables”可知，MenzerathAltmann定律表明一个单词或短语越长，它的组成音节越短，而较短的单词更可能有较长的音节；contradictory单词长，是一个多音节词，但音节较短，shout单词短，但却是一个长音节词，这两个词能完全阐释MenzerathAltmann定律，故选B。8答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据最后一段中
31、的“This study provided the first nonprimate evidence that these common linguistic patterns extend into the animal kingdom”和第一段最后一句可知，新的研究的结论是非洲企鹅的语言和人类语言遵循相同的基本语言学规则，故选C。.七选五语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会人际交流影响英语口语语体风格的三个主要因素【语篇解读】语言专家发现，影响英语口语语体风格的三个主要因素是：谈话的地点、说话者之间的关系以及谈话的目的。1答案与解析：C空后一句“These different styles
32、 of speaking are called registers”与C项中的“speaks differently in different situations”相呼应，说明同一个人在不同的情况下说话风格不同，故选C项。2答案与解析：F根据空后一句“Even two best friends who work and live together may speak more formally to each other in the office.”可知，即使是一起工作和生活的两个最好的朋友，他们在办公室里交谈的方式也可能更正式；并结合该段所举的例子和第一段最后一句可知，本段应是讲述影响英
33、语口语语体风格的因素之一谈话的地点，故F项与此处匹配。3答案与解析：G根据空前一句“People speak less formally to friends and more formally to strangers.”可知，人们对朋友说话不太正式，而对陌生人说话则比较正式。据此可推知，空处应是解释其原因，即因为他们已经和朋友分享了信息和经历，所以他们不需要解释太多。故G项正确。4答案与解析：E根据空前两句可知，谈话的目的会影响人们说话的方式；一个人想要缓解受伤的情感，就会使用轻柔的语调。据此可推知，空处与此相对，说明想找麻烦的人说话语速快且声音大，故E项正确。5答案与解析：A根据最后一段
34、中的“Few speakers realize”“refuse to accept”可知，A项“事实上，大部分人强烈地否认它(说话风格的改变)”符合语境。.语法填空语篇类型：新闻报道主题语境：人与自我人物故事失踪的三岁男孩被找到了【语篇解读】本文主要讲了三岁的男孩Casey Hathaway在和别的孩子玩耍时失踪了，家人搜寻未果，于是报了警。警察经过两天搜救后，终于找到了安然无恙的Casey。Casey说，他失踪的两天是和一头黑熊度过的。1答案与解析：his考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词rescuers，需要用形容词性物主代词，所以填his。2答案与解析：a考查冠词。此处表示“
35、他和一个朋友在一起”，表泛指，且friend的发音以辅音音素开头，所以填不定冠词a。3答案与解析：playing考查现在分词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，从句中省略了与主句相同的主语The child和系动词was，且空处表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作，所以应填现在分词playing。4答案与解析：before考查介词。根据语境并结合常识可知，此处表示在报警之前，这个男孩的家人在这一片区域找了接近一个小时，故空处需要填before。5答案与解析：to look考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词为 formed，空处为动词的非谓语形式，又该句表示“为了在附近树林里找到这个小男孩
36、，警察成立了一个搜救队”，此处作目的状语，所以空处应该填to look。6答案与解析：But/Yet考查连词。空后表示两天过去了，Casey还是没有出现，空前一句表示为了在附近树林里找到这个小男孩，警察成立了一个搜救队，故此处表示转折，所以填But/Yet。7答案与解析：where考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为that particular area，空处在从句中作地点状语，所以填where。8答案与解析：had hung考查谓语动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处作谓语动词，由for two days可知用完成时，再由前面动词told，确定用过去完成时。9答案与解析：agencies考查名词单复数。由several可知应用名词复数形式。10答案与解析：rainy考查词形转换。名词weather应用形容词修饰。
