1、Grammar 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，一是表被动的动作，二是表动作已经完成。通常作如下几种状语：1.When it is seen from the hill,the park looks very beautiful.Seen from the hill1.时间状语,可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等.2.Dont speak until you are spoken to.Until spoken to2.原因状语1.Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers words,he did a lot o
2、f things to help his classmates.Greatly touched by the teachers words2.As he was surprised at what happened,Tom didnt know what to do.Surprised at what happened3.条件状语1.If we were given more time,we could do it much better.Given more time2.If it is heated to a high temperature,water will change into
3、vapour.Heated to a high temperature4.让步状语1.Though they had been warned of the storm,the farmers were still working in the fields.Though warned of the storm2.Even if Im invited,I wont take part in the party.Even if invited5.方式、伴随状语1.The teacher entered the classroom,and he was followed by a group of
4、students.Followed by a group of students2.The manager held his head high,he walked into the room.Holding his head high注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词作状语，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：_for a long time,the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。_ the book,I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。UsedUsing【例题】_,li
5、quids can be changed into gases.A.HeatingB.To be heatedC.HeatedD.Heat 答案C.本题要选分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，连词+分词（短语）有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。连词有：when，while，if though，after,before,as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。例如：While waiting there,he saw two pret
6、ty girls come out of the building.等在那儿时，他看见两个靓妹走出大楼。（waiting 和saw 的主语相同）Exercises:1._ some officials,Napoleon inspected his army.A.Followed B.Followed byC.Being followed D.having been followed2.There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.followingC.to be followed D.being foll
7、owedBB3.The next morning she found the man _ in bed,dead.A.lying B.lieC.lay D.laying4.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sail B.sailingC.to sail D.to have sailedAB1._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose配套练习动
8、词-ing或过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语应是主句主语。2.If _ the same treatment again,hes sure to get well.A.giving B.give C.given D.being given3._ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A.Being founded B.It was founded C.Founded D.Founding 析:正确答案为 C 项。哈佛大学是1636 年被建的,所以该空应填过去分词Founded 作状语。4
9、._ with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all.A.Compare B.When comparing C.Comparing D.When compared5._ time,hell make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given6._ in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A.Dressed B.To dre
10、ss C.Dressing D.Having dressed8.When _,the museum will be open to the public next year.A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed析：正确答案为 A 项。博物馆是被完工的,所以该空应填过去分词completed 作状语。()1._ more attention,the tree could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given.()2.The comp
11、uter center,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.openedAD高考链接()3._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.SufferedA()4.The researcher is so designed that once _
12、nothing can be done to change it.A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begunD()5.Unless _ to speak,you should remain silent at the conference A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invitedA()6.Friendship is like money:easiermade than _.A.kept B.to be kept C.keeping D.having keptA()7.Mr.Smith,
13、_ of the _ speech,started to read a novel.A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring()8._ time,hell make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given AD()9.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having
14、 written B.to be written C.being written D.written()10._ is thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose DC()11._ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A.Being founded B.It was founded C.Founded D.FoundingC()12.When
15、_,the museum will be open to the public next year.A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completedA()13.Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buyingB()14.Dont use words,expressions,or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.knownD注意注意:用分词短语作状语时用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语要与句它逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致子的主语保持一致,否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑主语主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构这种结构称为独立主格结构.1.All our savings gone,we started looking for jobs.2.He rushed into the room,his face covered with sweat.
