1、Unit 3 Under the seaSection GrammarThe passive ing form 语态时态主动形式被动形式一般式完成式(not)doing(not)being done(not)having done(not)having been done一、形式：二、用法：V-ing主动式形式可作主语、宾语、表语;定语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独作谓语。被动式也一样。其一般被动式(not)being done表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语的动作同时发生其完成被动式(not)having been done表示被动的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前用法分析：1.动词ing作主
2、语用法：Swimming is good for health._(raise)your hat to a a lady is good manners.对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。_(kill)by sharks in the sea is a common thing.动词ing被动式表示一个被动的动作作主语RaisingBeing killed 2.动词ing作表语用法 Teaching is learning.教学相长 My hobby is _(make)model planes.What worried the child most was _(not,allow)to visit
3、 his mother in the hospital.makingnot being allowed动词ing被动式表示一个被动的动作作表语3.动词ing作宾语的用法：V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。V-ing形式的被动式作宾语表示和主语的被动关系。We would appreciate hearing from you我们会珍惜你的来信。I feel like _(join)the army.He was afraid of _ (abandon)by us.The bird escaped _ (catch).being abandonedbeing caughtjo
4、ining 在want，need，require，deserve等表示动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。Your car needs filling.你这车要充气了。This city deserves visiting.这座城市值得光顾一下。The problem requires studying carefully.这个问题需要认真研究。The trees want watering.这些树需要浇水了。注意：在（be）worth后面只能用动词-ing的主动态来表示被动意义。His suggestion is worth considering.The book is wo
5、rth reading.注意 4.作定语的用法：The girl standing there is my sister.This is a piece of _(surprise)news.The farmers _(work)in the fields are tired.The problem_(discuss)now is very important.V-ing形式的被动式作定语表示和所修饰词的被动关系。surprisingbeing discussedworking5.作宾语补足语用法：I saw people coming and going in the street.I he
6、ard her _(sing)a song in her room.Youll find the topic _ (discuss)everywhere now.v-ing做宾补和宾语之间为被动关系being discussedsinging6.作状语 Hearing the good news,he jumped with joy.He sat at the table,_(read)China Daily._(work)hard,you will succeed._(ask)to answer the question,she couldnt refuse.动词ing和主句主语之间为被动关
7、系readingWorkingBeing asked-Ving 一般时和一般被动形式;1)He hurried home,looking behind 2)from time to time.2)Being asked to give a performance,she couldnt very well refuse.V-ing 的完成时和完成被动形式1)Having lit a candle,she went out.2)Having been asked to stay,I couldnt leave.3)Having heard this,our teacher expressed h
8、er satisfaction.-ing一般被动形式和完成被动形式1)Being asked to give a performance,shecouldnt very well refuse.Bing asked表示和句子主语she之间是被动系，和主句谓语动词refuse的动作几乎同时发生。2)Having been asked to stay,I couldnt leave.Having been asked表示和句子主语I之间是被动关系，且先于主句谓语动词leave发生。动词-ing形式的被动式与过去分词的区别 The building being built now in our sc
9、hool is a library.The building built last month in our school is a library.动词-ing形式的被动式表示被动进行；过去分词表示被动完成。7：动词-ing形式的被动结构可用于独立结构中：在绝大数情况下，-ing的逻辑主语是句子的主语，但有时前可有一个名词或代词作逻上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的称为独立结构。如：The meeting being over,we all left the room and drove home.会议结束后，我们都离开房间开车走了。It being a holiday,all the shops
10、were shut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。动词-ing形式的被动式在独立结构中和其逻辑主语是被动关系 All the compositions having been written and collected,the teacher sent the students home.有少数-ing并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度。Generally speaking,the novel is not very inspiring.总的来说，这部小说并不感人。Judging from what you say,he ought to succeed.从你说的情况看，他应能成
11、功。注意：动词-ing形式的用法回顾 用法1 用法2 用法3Practice:、Fill in the blanks:1._(turn)to the right,you will 2.find the place you want.(状语)3.2._(ask)to put on performance,she refused.4.3._ (finish)his work,Henry went home.5.4._(learn)new words is useful.6.（主语）TurningBeing asked Having finished Learning5.He disliked _(
12、interrupt)in his experiment.（宾语）6.I apologize for _ (not,wait)for you.7._(not,receive)an answer,I wrote to him again.8._(give)such a good chance,you should catch it.being interrupted not having waited Not having received Having been given、Multiple choice questions1.-What made Bill so angry?-_.His gi
13、rl friend promised to come at 8:30,but she hasnt come yet.A.Having kept waiting B.Being kept waiting C.To be kept waiting D.Being kept waitedB 2.The building _ in our school is for us teachers.Though theres noise most of the day,we still feel happy about it.A.built B.having been built C.to be built
14、D.being builtD3.The squirrel（松鼠）was lucky that it just missed _.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catchC4.While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuaded B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded C5._ many times,the boy still did
15、nt know how to do the exercises.A.Having taught B.Having been taught C.taught D.Teaching B6._ the whole story,Jane decided not to see the film.A.Having been toldB.Having told C.Been toldD.Telling A1.He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.A.been called B.called C.having called
16、 D.being calledD、巩固练习：2.Do you mind _ alone at home?A.Jane leaving B.Jane having left C.Janes being left D.Jane to be leftC3.What do you think made Mary so upset?_ her new bicycle.A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losingC4.Let me tell you something about the journalists.Dont you remember _t
17、he story yesterday?A.told B.telling C.to tell D.to have toldB5.One learns a language by making mistakes and _them.A.correct B.Correcting C.corrects D.to correctB6.The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparingBThats allThank you!
