1、1alcoholic adj. 含酒精的；饮酒引起的alcohol n. 酒；酒精2physics n物理；物理学physical adj. 身体的；客观存在的；物理学的physician n医师；(尤指)内科医生3repeat v重复；重说；重做；重新推出；再次发生repeated adj. 重复的；重复发生的repeatedly adv. 重复地4reward n回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的；报酬高的5examine vt. (仔细)检查；审查；测验examination n审查；考察；检查；测验6pessimism n悲观；悲
2、观主义pessimistic adj. 悲观的；悲观主义的7compose vt.&vi. 组成；作曲；撰写composer n作曲家8stimulate vt.激发；促进；刺激stimulation n刺激9shave vi.，vt.& n剃(须发)；刮脸shaver n电动剃须刀10cigar n雪茄烟cigarette n香烟；卷烟abuse n滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power. n滥用She suffered years of physical abuse. n
3、虐待The referee had been threatened and abused. vt.辱骂Words and Phrases知识要点1abuse n滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂教材P14For example，some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse，which can lead to physical and mental health problems.例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。例1What went on here was an abuse of
4、power.这里所发生的事是一种滥用职权的行为。例2He turned round and directed a torrent of abuse at me.他转过身来冲我劈头盖脸地骂了一通。知识拓展abuse ones power滥用某人的权力alcohol/drug abuse酗酒/嗜毒scream/shout abuse高声谩骂/大声辱骂child abuse虐待儿童social abuse社会弊端即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子He abused his(he) privileges in activities outside his official capacity.Janet h
5、ad been abused(abuse) by her father since she was eleven.The evidence at hand suggests that he has abused his power现有的证据表明他有滥用职权的行为。知识要点2in response to 回答；答复教材P14Secondly，there is a “routine”，the regular action you take in response to the cue.第二，“惯例”，即你根据提示所采取的常规行动。例1The quick recovery was truly in
6、response to medication.这次迅速康复确实是对药物治疗的反应。例2His letter in response to her request contained a firm refusal.对于她的请求他在信中给予了坚决的回绝。知识拓展(1)response n回答，回应；反应make a/no response to对做出回应/不予回答(2)respond vi.回答，回应respond to.with/by.用回应即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译A few days later，she still made no response to my email.She res
7、ponded to the news by bursting into tears. He held a big party to respond to the news(respond)He held a big party in response to the news(response)他举办了一个大的派对来回应那个消息。知识要点3reward n回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬教材P14Thirdly，there is the “reward”，the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.第三，“奖励”，即我们从惯例中
8、得到的美好事物或感觉。例1The old lady is offering a reward of $50 to anyone who finds her cat for her!这位年老的女士给为她找到猫的人提供50美元的奖赏！例2She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus.她因自己所做的努力而得到一笔奖金。知识拓展as a reward for作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.因为某事而给某人报酬in reward of为酬谢；作为对的奖励in rewardin retur
9、n作为回报/报答reward sb.with sth.for doing sth.为某事而以某物报答某人即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译He was given a medal as a reward for his service.His effort was rewarded with remarkable success.The old man gave the little boy a doll as a reward for his help.In reward，the boy gave him a hug. They gave a reward to him for saving t
10、he child.(reward n)They rewarded him for saving the child.(reward v)他们因他救了那个小孩而奖赏他。知识要点4rely on依赖；依靠；信赖教材P15The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle，and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.奖励让我们更有可能继续这个循环，并养成依赖不健康零食的不良习惯。例1We had to rely on a compass and a lot of
11、 luck to get here.我们不得不依靠指南针和不错的运气到达这儿。例2Dont rely on his ideas，be your own master.你别总是仰承他的意见，要有自己的主见。知识拓展(1)rely onn./doing.指望/依靠rely on sb./sth.doing/to do.指望做rely on it that.指望(2)depend on/upon依赖；依靠(3)count on/upon依赖；依靠即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Not having found a better way，we had to rely on him to be the i
12、nterpreter.The success of this project relies on everyone making/to make(make) an effort.You can rely on it that it will rain tomorrow. I dont know if I can rely on him，but Im willing to take a gamble.我不知道是否能信任他，不过我愿冒一下险。知识要点5examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验教材P15To facilitate a positive change in our bad hab
13、its，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整。例1These ideas will be examined in more detail in Chapter 10.这些观点将在第10章作更为详细的探讨。例2The goods were examined for damage on arrival.货物到达时检查是否有破损。知识拓展(1)examine sb.in/on.测验某人examination n.审
14、查；调查；考查；考察；(仔细的)检查，检验(2)a physical examination体检即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The plans will be examined (examine) by EU environment ministers.A physical examination(examine) is a preliminary to joining the army. The students will be examined in all subjects at the end of the term.期末时学生须参加所有学科的考试。小片段填空Last week，th
15、e teacher examined us in maths.After the examination，we all went to the hospital to have physical examinations(examine)知识要点6straight away 立即；马上教材P15.and if we are not successful straight away，we often become pessimistic and give up.如果我们不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观而放弃。例1I told him straight away what I thought of
16、 the matter.我毫不迟疑地把我对这个问题的看法告诉了他。例2Lets start the meeting straight away!我们马上开会吧！知识拓展(1)straight off/out 毫不犹豫；直率 straight up(询问或强调所说的话的真实性)真的，确实(2)表示“立刻，马上”的词组at once；right now；right away即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子She asked him straight off what he thought about it all.So for me，I would straight up tell them. I
17、suggest you give her a call straight away我建议你立即打电话给她。知识要点7decide on 决定；选定教材P15.you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.你必须思考你的不良习惯并决定做出一些改变。例1After leaving university，Therese decided on a career in publishing.大学毕业后，特蕾泽决定从事出版行业。例2Have you decided on a date for the wedding?你
18、们定好婚礼日期了吗？知识拓展(1)decide to do/that从句.决定做(2)make a decision做出决定come to/arrive at/reach a decision做出决定即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Now that you decide to go(go)，youd better go at once.They have chewed the problem over for hours and hope to reach a decision(decide) soon.I am already an adult，so I should decide on my
19、 own life我已经是个成年人了，我应该决定自己的生活。知识要点8make up ones mind下定决心教材P16We need to make up our minds and show some discipline，and make small changes over time.我们需要下定决心，表现出一些纪律性，并随着时间的推移做出一些小的改变。例1Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。例2It is early days yet to make up our minds.我
20、们要下决心现在还为时过早。知识拓展change ones mind改变主意keep/bear/have.in mind记住；牢记在心头keep/bear/have in mind that.记住；牢记在心头speak ones mind直言不讳read ones mind看出某人的心思即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子If you think it over，maybe you will change your(you) mind.You must keep/bear/have in mind that these exams will affect your final result. We h
21、ave made up our minds to finish the work before dark.我们决心在天黑前完成工作。名师点津在短语make up ones mind中，mind的单复数要随其前ones的单复数而变化。知识要点9compose vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写教材P16Life is composed of many elements，such as family，friends，study，work，entertainment，and so on.生活是由许多要素组成的，如家庭、朋友、工作、娱乐等等。例1Ten men compose the committee
22、.委员会由十人组成。例2Mozart composed his last opera shortly before he died.莫扎特在创作出他最后一部歌剧后不久便去世了。知识拓展(1)be composed ofbe made up ofconsist of由组成(2)composer n.作曲家(3)composition n.作品；作曲；作文即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The sea water is mainly composed of water and salt.Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer(compose) and p
23、ianist.The teacher singled out one composition(compose) for class discussion.Our class is composed of eighteen boys and twelve girls.我们班由18个男生和12个女生组成。小片段填空The composer once created a famous film，which was composed of three parts.His composition helped him won a lot of prizes.(compose)Sentence Patte
24、rns重点句式1状语从句的省略教材P4These bad habits，if left unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。句式分析if left unchecked是if they are left unchecked的省略形式；if条件句中如果从句主语和句子主语一致，可以直接跟分词形式。例1If asked，I would say that I belong to the generation of hope.如果被问到，我会说我属于希望
25、的一代。例2If invited to a wedding，you will receive an invitation six to eight weeks before the event.如果有人邀请你参加婚礼，你会在婚礼前六到八个星期收到请帖。知识拓展when，while，once，unless等引导状语从句也有类似用法，后面可以跟现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。状语从句省略的条件：(1)从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句的谓语中含有be动词，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。(2)如果状语从句中出现了it is/was时，可以把it is/was一起省略。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句
26、子Unless invited(invite) to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.If told properly，stories should reveal a lot of facts about your personality and background.如果故事讲得好的话，它会彰显你的个性和背景。While wandering around，she met this lovely woman.在闲逛时，她遇到了这位可爱的女士。When necerssary you can help us to do someth
27、ing.必要时，你能帮我们做些事。重点句式2rather than 连接并列谓语教材P15So，when we feel unhappy again (cue)，rather than eat snacks，we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine).所以，当我们再次感到不开心时(提示)，与其吃零食，不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐(惯例)句式分析句中的rather than连接并列谓语listen to和eat。例1Much of the food pleases rather than excites.这些食物
28、中许多只是让人满意，但并不让人兴奋。例2He decided to write rather than telephone.他决定写信，不打电话。知识拓展(1)rather than用作连词，连接两个平行结构。它构成的句型结构：prefer to do.rather than do.宁愿做而不愿意做would do.rather than do.宁愿做而不愿意做would rather do.than do.宁愿做而不愿意做(2)rather than用作介词，与instead of同义。(3)A rather than B作主语时，谓语要与A在人称与数上保持一致。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句
29、子You rather than I are(be) going to go camping.I prefer to play(play) basketball rather than go fishing.I prefer to get up early rather than go to school without breakfast我宁愿早起而不是不吃早饭上学。The children would walk there rather than take a bus孩子们宁愿步行去那儿而不愿乘公共汽车。Lets get it done as soon as possible，rather
30、 than drag it out我们尽快把它完成吧，不要再拖了。1The good news is that we can change，if we understand how habits work.分析该句为复合句。that引导表语从句；在表语从句中if引导条件状语从句；how habits work是名词性从句，作understand的宾语。译文好消息是如果我们理解了习惯是如何运作的，我们就能做出改变。2So，when we feel unhappy again (cue)，rather than eat snacks，we could listen to some of our f
31、avourite music instead (routine)，which will make us feel relaxed (reward)分析此句是复合句。when引导时间状语从句；rather than意为“而不是”；which引导的是定语从句。译文所以，当我们再次感到不开心时(提示)，与其吃零食，不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐(惯例)，这会使我们感到放松(奖励)。教材高考1.The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle，and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks
32、 is formed.(2020江苏卷)Then，on two separate morning visits to the scientists lab，each man walked for an hour at an average speed that，in theory，should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel.2.To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then tr
33、y to adapt them.(2021全国乙卷)The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.3.So，when we feel unhappy again (cue)，rather than eat snacks，we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine).(2020江苏卷)LoveFone，a company that advoc
34、ates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them，opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.4.Thirdly，there is the “reward”，the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.(2019浙江卷)If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome，you can give it as often as your child
35、does something that deserves a verbal reward.5.you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.(2019浙江卷)They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.单句语法填空1Lily，rather than you，is/was(be) to blame for the accident.2As walking(walk) along the river bank，she was singing a pop
36、 song.3He was highly regarded as a director，composer(compose)，pianist，and educator.4Have you decided on the topic for your speech?5The teacher distributed the examination(examine) papers around the class.6You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.7He was rewarded with a threeweekholiday for h
37、is achievements.8We sent out over 1，000 letters but the response(respond) rate has been low.9She realized straight off that he could not be trusted.10Bear in mind that all those queries will finally be run in production.短语填空in response to；rely on；rather than；straight away；decide on；make up ones mind
38、；be composed of；in reward for1When you have made up your mind to do a thing，finish it.2Have you decided on which one to choose?3It was some time before the door opened in response to his ring.4A security label is composed of one or more security label components.5We rely on energy and we no longer p
39、roduce it for ourselves.6He received a medal in reward for his bravery.7This medicine can lessen the pain straight away8Its a good job it happened here rather than on the open road.课文语法填空As teenagers grow up，they become more independent and start making their own decisions.However，during this period
40、，it can be easy for some of them 1.to form(form) bad habits.These bad habits，if 2.left(leave) unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.3.To change(change) bad habits is never easy，even with many attempts.The good news is that we can change，if we understand 4.how habits work.
41、To facilitate 5.a positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by bining(combine) the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.We can also use the habit cycle 7.to create (create) good habits.Many of us tr
42、y to change bad habits quickly，and if we are not successful straight away，we often become pessimistic and give up.In fact，the most successful way to change is not suddenly，8.but over a period of time.To reach the goal of change，a person must 9.repeatedly(repeat) take many small steps.Young people have the power 10.to build(build) a happy and healthy life full of good habits！
