1、一 构成定义：主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态。1.现在时被动语态：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词，（be是助动词）e.g:English is spoken by many people.German isnt taught in our school.Is French studied in your school?grammar:2.过去时的被动语态：was/were+及物动词的过去分词e.g:These new houses were built in 2000.My bike wasnt made in Shanghai.Was this kind of machine mad
2、e in Shenzhen?注意：被动语态中be的形式是由主语决定的3.情态动词的被语态：must/can/may+be+动词的过去分词e.g:The car mustnt be stopped here.Can this chair be taken out of the room?This job must be finished on time.各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出，作为by的宾语，也可以省略。请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态:主语谓语宾语被动语态:例：We clean our classroom every day.
3、（主动）注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。主语 by+宾语be+过去分词Our classroom is cleaned by us every day（被动）归纳：小窍门：我们可以这样看被动语态的基本构成：be +及物动词的过去分词表示时态表示被动要变化不变化 二 被动语态的几种类型：1 主动句中有一个宾语的被动语态He saw her in the shop yesterday.She was seen in
4、the shop yesterday.2 主动句中有二个宾语的被动语态Jim gave me a book.I was given a book by Jim.A book was given to me by Jim.三 被动语态的注意事项1“主语+系动词+表语”的句子没有被动语态2 there be 句型没有被动语态3 主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态4 主动句的谓语动词是不及物动词的没有被动语态，但与介词搭配后，则有:The nurse looked after him carefully.The baby was looked after by the nurse carefull
5、y.4 短语动词的被动语态I can take good care of the baby.The baby can be taken good care of.Practice:1 Must I pay for it at once?_ it _ _ _ at once?2 We will build a new lab.A new lab _ _ _.3 They arent stopping the traffic now.The traffic _ _ _ now.4 How long have you kept the book?How long _ the book _ _?Mus
6、tbeenpaidforwillbebuiltisntbeen stoppinghasbeen kept5 If your homework _(do)well,you may go to play.6 Mr.Green was seen _(grow)trees.7 The blackboard was _(look)carefully by the students.8 The ship model _ be _(make)in two days.is doneto growlooked atwillmadeTranslate the following sentences.1.我们必须采
7、取措施以阻止河流的进一步污染。Something _ _ _ to stop the river from being polluted more.2.世界上讲英语的人是最多的。English _ _ by the largest number of people in the world.3.明年我校还要修一幢新教学楼。Another new teaching building _ _ _ in our school next year.4.中国南方种水稻。Rice _ _ in South China.5.昨天爸爸给你买了一辆自行车。A bike _ _ for you by your f
8、ather yesterday.6前天在街道拐弯处发生了一起车祸。A car accident _ _ at the street corner the day before yesterday.3 主动句中含有宾语补足语句子的被动语态Mother told me not to be late.I was told not to be late by mother.I saw mother planting flowers in the garden.Mother was seen planting flowers in the garden.They made him work 12 hou
9、rs a day.He was made to work 12 hours a day.在被动语态中要注意的问题在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下面我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。一些使役动词(let,have,make等)或感观动词(see,hear,watch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要补上to。如：A.The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day.The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.B
10、.I saw him enter the house.He was seen to enter the house by me.C.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class.They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.D.We hear her sing in the room every day.She is heard to sing in the room every day.注意当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时
11、，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：I saw him going into the shop.(主动)He was seen going into the shop.(被动)Homework把下列句子改为被动语态1.We plant many trees every year.Many trees are planted by us every year.2.His mother made him wash his own clothes at the age of 10.He was made to wash his own clothes by his mother at the age of 10.
