1、过去完成时过去的过去 一、表示在过去某一时间或以前已经完成了的动作或状态。当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前，常用此时态。By the time I got outside,the bus had already left.二、表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直持续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作。三、叙述过去发生的事，在已叙述了发生的事后，反过来追述，补述更早发生的事。四、表示过去未曾实现的愿望，打算，意图。结构 had（用于各种人称和数）+过去分词 1、When I came to Shanghai,he had been there for a long time.2、I
2、didnt know a thing about the verbs,for I had not studied my lesson.3、I had intended to call on you yesterday,but I had an unexpected visitor.主语+had+动词过去分词 肯定句:主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.否定句:主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他.疑问句:Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.否定回答:No,主语+hadnt.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+过去分词+其他?The bus had alr
3、eady left by the time I got there.The bus had not already left by the time I got there.Had the bus already left by the time I got there?what time had the bus already left?标志词 by then（截至到那时）by the end of+过去的时间点 by+过去的时间点,before+过去的时间点 already,just,ever,never,yet when,as soon as,till/until hardlywhen,
4、no soonerthan,exerrcise 1、He said he (work)in that factory since 1949.2、I thought I (send)the letter a week before.3、By the end of last month,I (live)in Beijing for 8 years.4、He said that he (learn)some English before.had worked had sent had lived had learned 5、I arrived late,I (not expect)the road
5、to be so icy.6、She said that she (not be)to the Great Wall yet.7、By the end of last year,they (build)many new houses.8、By yesterday evening,she (finish)reading the book.9、He said that he _(see)you.hadnt expectedhadnt beenhad builthad finished had seen 1、When she got home,her children _ (sleep).2、Bef
6、ore they arrived here,the film _(star)already.3、When I came in,he _ (finish)his homework.4、What _ Jane _(do)by the time he was seven?5、He asked me where I _(be)during the summer holidays.6、I _(learn)900 English words by the time I was ten.7、By the time my parents reached home yesterday,I _(cook)the
7、dinner already.8、She _ (write)a number of books by the end of last year.被动语态结构(1)肯定结构：主语+had been done+其他成分(2)否定结构：主语+had not been done+其他成分(3)疑问句结构：had+主语+been done+其他成分;疑问词+had+主语+been done+其他成分 The task had been finished before 12:00 yesterday.The task hadnt been finished before 12:00 yesterday.H
8、ad the task been finished before 12:00 yesterday?What time had the task been finished yesterday?过去完成时被动语态的常用情况：(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by,before等引导的时间状语连用。(2)在 told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。(3)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher
9、came.The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.As the assignment had been done,he went on to search the Internet.1、By the time he got to the school,the first period _(finish).2、How many buildings _(destroy)when the hurricane ended?3、He did what he _(tell)to.4、By the end of 1976,m
10、any buildings _(build)in the city.had been finishedhad been destroyedhad been toldhad been built 1、When Li Ming hurried home,he found that his mother _already_(send)to hospital.2、I thought the letter _(send)by him a week before.3、By the end of last year,many new houses_ (build)by them.4、By yesterday
11、 evening,the book_(finish)reading by her.5、By the time my parents reached home yesterday,the dinner _(cook)already.总练习 1、When I got to school,the bell _(ring).2、She found the key that she _(lose).3、I returned the book that I _(borrow).4、The classroom _(clean)by students when the visitors arrived.5、T
12、he house_(paint)by us before we moved in.7、Tom said the book_(read)by him twice 8、When I arrived at the station,he _(leave).1、医生到时病人已死了。When the doctor arrived the patient had died.2、我醒了，因为我做了个噩梦。I woke up because I had had a bad dream.3、我们到那里时，篮球赛已经开始了。When we got there the basketball match had alr
13、eady started.4、据媒体报道，有上千人在地震中丧生。The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作。过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。Eg：This polluted river has been cleaned.这条被污染了的河流已被净化。析：该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。Eg：He said this book had been translated into Japane
14、se.他说这本书已被译成日语。析：该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本书已被译成日语。Eg：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。（现在的时间）Eg：I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。（过去的时间）与一般过去时的区别 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。比较:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
15、They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.1、当从句由 after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。When he arrived,he called her.They locked the door before they left.2.过去完成时表示过去的过去，不单独使用，一般和一般过去式一起使用。3、当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外，在 before，after，as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。He entered the room,turned on the light and read an evening paper.
