1、Grammar1 Review of subjects and verbs1.主语主语是一句话的中心,相当于句子的主题。主语通常是由一个名词作用的成分担任的。起名词作用的成分可以是：名词、代词数词、不定式、起名词作用的ing形式（动名词）、词组、名词化的其他词类、名词性从句。Underline the subjectsThe book is about a hero who fought bravely against the Japanese invaders during the war._Are there other students absent besides Tom and Ja
2、ne?_Nouns can be used as subjectsAnybody knows the answer?It is an unextraordinary experience for me._Pronouns can be used as subjects.55 of the students in that class are girls._First went to the Chinese team Numbers can be used as subjectsTo study abroad is my long-term plan._It is not proper to t
3、alk so aloud in public._The infinitives can be used as subjects.Listening to English everyday is very important and helps us a lot._-ing can be used as subjects.Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy and wise._ Friendship first is his principle in dealing with different things._P
4、hrases can be used as subjectsWho will go remains unknown._It is certain that they have won the match.真正的主语为：they have won the match.Some points that should be paid attention to 动名词作主语时，前面可加代词或名词所有格表示动名词的逻辑主语：Their winning the match is an inspiration to all of us.Janes joining the singing team gave
5、them a surprise.以there 引导的句子，主语通常放在谓语的后面：There is nothing to get excited about.There ought to be some team members looking after the students._在以it 作主语的句子中，it 有以下功能：人称代词 Look at the new house.Its nice.Its all my fault.非人称代词Its raining.Its already 5:30 先行主语It is better to be early.Its useful to learn
6、 English well It was my brother who saw Mr Jack in China last week.用于强调动词动词可在句子中作谓语和非谓语成分：I hope to see you soon.I saw a light burning in the window.Having finished my work,I went to bed.I heard the door opened.助动词基本助动词：do(does,did),have(has,had having)be(am,is,are,was,were,been,being)Little did the
7、 student understand what he had done.He has been learning French for more than five years.Is he reading in the library now?情态动词：may(might),can(could),must(had to),ought to,will(would)shall(should)need,dare,used toYou may spend the weekend with granny in London.He cant have been there.In English traf
8、fic must keep to the left.She must have finished the work You ought to be lying in bed now.He wont do what he has been told.No one shall stop me.You neednt worry about it.Dare he come again?He used to live in Beijing.3)连系动词 主要有:be,appear,become,fall,feel,go,get,grow,keep,look prove,remain,smell,soun
9、d,taste,turnHe appeared quite well.The student went pale when he saw the teacher.及物动词和不及物动词Ill contact you as soon as possible.He compared young students to the morning sun.It wont help.(vi)主动语态和被动语态 We are looking into the case.The case is being looked into.They painted their new house light blue.The new house was painted light blue.
