1、M6 U1 M6 U1 Grammar and usageGrammar and usageOverview:infinitive,verb-ing and verb-ed非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语的动词，主要包括_,_,_。动词不定式verb-ingverb-ed形式非谓语动词在句子中的作用作主语1._ is to believe./_ is believing.眼见为实。2.Its no use _ over spilt milk.覆水难收。(打翻牛奶，哭也没用)3.It is impossible _(完成任务)within such a short time.4.It is ver
2、y friendly of you_(邀请我们参加你的生日派对)5._(散步)is a good form of exercise for both young and old.6._(怎样去那里)hasnt been decided.To seeSeeingcryingto finish the taskto invite us to your birthday partyWalking How to go there3.复合结构:It is/was+adj.+(for/of sb.)to do sth.eg:It is important for us to learn English w
3、ell.It is very kind of you to help me.2.单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数;若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.4.It is no use/no good/useless+doing sth1.不定式作主语常表示具体的某一动作；动名词作主语表示泛指或一般的抽象概念Swimming is exciting./To swim in Lu River is terrible.5.不定式可以和when/where/how/what/whether等连用，在句中作主语、宾语和表语.1.He has no wish_(见她).2.The power s
4、tation _（明年修建的）will be of great value to the people.3.He is always the last _(离开公司).4.The temple_(矗立山顶的）was built in the Ming Dynasty.5.The question_(正被讨论的）is important.6.Last autumn,I took many photos of leaves _(落到地上的).7.I dont like to see the letter _ (用铅笔写的).to see her to be built next year to l
5、eave the companystanding on the top of the mountain.being discussed fallen to the groundwritten with a pencil作定语1.在序数词、形容词最高级、the first，the last,the only 等修饰的名词后用动词不定式作定语。2.若作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者及物动词与被修饰的词不能构成动宾关系时,则不定式动词后须加上适当的介词。eg:他正在找房子住。He is looking for a house to live in.现在分词与过去分词,不定式作定语的区别过去分词做定语
6、与其修饰词之间是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作已完成。现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行，与修饰词是主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。being built now (正在被建的)the house to be built next year (将要被建的)built last year (建好了的)1.With all the problems_(solve)，everyone felt rather relaxed.2.You dont have to make Paul _(learn)French.He is made _(do)too many things.3.How could
7、 you keep such a little boy _(work)so long?4.I need this chapter_(rewrite)before tomorrow.5.On seeing the superstar,she felt her heart _(beat)fast.6.When playing football,Jack had his leg _(break).solved learn to do workingrewritten beating 作宾补brokenV+sb.+do sth.1.感官动词：see,watch,observe,notice,look
8、at,hear,listen,smell,taste,feel使役动词：have，make，let “五看三使二听二味一感觉”2.Tom often makes his brother _.(cry)Toms brother is often made _ by him.某些动词真奇怪，to来to去令人猜；主动语态to离开，被动语态to回来。cryto cry作宾语1.Dont pretend _(没看见我)2.Theyre practising_(唱一首英文歌).3.I regret _(没有向她道歉).4.I think _ necessary for us _.(我觉得我们有必要懂得如何
9、使用电脑。)not to have seen me.singing an English songnot saying sorry to/making an apology to heritto know how to use a computer动词不定式作宾语记忆口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装，主动应答选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,hope/expect/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help动名词作宾语记忆口诀：考虑建议
10、盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏，禁止想象才冒险，不禁建议准逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardonadmit,delay/put off,fancy,avoid,miss keep/keep on,practisedeny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,forbid,imaging,risk,cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape某些特殊动词：forget,remember,regret,stop,try,mean,go on,cease,Want,n
11、eed,require1.One aim of GM research is _(produce)food which will make us healthier.2.What we should do now is _(study)hard.3.He was _(excite)to hear the exciting news.4.The news was really _(excite)5.What the little boy likes is _(play)with his toy car.to produceexcitedexcitingstudy作表语playing 1.不定式/
12、动名词做表语用通常是解释主语的内容的。主语和表语可以互相交换。Eg.My job is to teach you English.=To teach you English is my job.My job is teaching you English.=Teaching you English is my job.2.现在分词做表语说明主语的特征，通常表示：令人.的，含有主动意义。Eg.这个年老的教授的课堂太无聊了。The old professors lecture is too boring.3.过去分词做表语说明主语的所处的状态，通常表示：感到.的，含有被动意义。Eg.我们对这个年老
13、的教授的课感到很无聊。We are bored with the old professors lecture.4.当不定式短语(to do sth)作表语用时，如果主语部分有动词do本身的某种形式(todo/do/doing/does/done/did)时，表语的不定式短语可以省略to,只用动词原形作表语。Eg.她所做的/正在做的/将要做的/已经做的一切就是每天在厨房做饭。What she does/is doing/will do/has done is cook meals in the kitchen every day.Self-assessment(基础过关)1.Tell Mary
14、 that theres someone _for her at the door.A.waiting B.waited C.waits D.to wait2.There is a big dog _to a fence outside the house.A.tying B.tied C.to tie D.ties3.The_waiter came up to us and said,You are welcome.A.smiling B.smiled C.smile D.to smile4.It is no use _ with him.A.arguing B.to argue C.arg
15、ued D.to be argueABAA能力提升5._ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A.The president will attend B.The president to attend C.The president attended D.The presidents attending6.-Where should I send my form?-The Personnel office is the place.A.for sending it B.to send it to C.to se
16、nd D.to send it7.It wascomputer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.A.to have played B.playing C.played D.having played8.The foodat the moment is for the dinner party.A.cooked B.to be cooked C.is being cooked D.being cooked9.Does the way you thought ofthe water clean make any sense?A.making B.to make C.to be made D.having madeDBBDB 10.His _ voice suggested that something terrible was going on.A.frighteningB.frightened C.to frighten D.frightB HomeworkGo over the grammar learned today.Preview how to use non-finite verbs as adverbials
