1、成才之路 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 必修4 Traffic JamModule 21.1.1 集合的概念第二课时 Grammar1.1.1 集合的概念Module 2课内合作探究2课后强化作业5新课标语法3基 础 巩 固4课前自主预习1课前自主预习观察思考并完成下列句子。根据例句造句。_sentences after the model.过马路时要小心。_ careful when crossing the street.让我们到乡下去过这个周末吧。_ us spend this weekend in the country.不要把今天的事拖到明天。_ put off what
2、 you should do today till tomorrow.MakeBeLetNever/Dont咱们今天别出去了，要下雨了。_go out today.Its going to rain。此处不准拍照/停车/吸烟！_photos/parking/smoking here!Lets notNo课内合作探究1.sign n.标记；符号；记号；征兆；迹象；征候He made a sign for me to follow him.他向我示意跟着他(走)。The sign by the road says“No Parking”路边的牌子上写着“禁止停车”。There are no sig
3、ns of life about the house.这房子没有有人住的迹象。知识拓展make a sign to 对作暗号/打手势show a sign of 出现的样子或形迹；有的征兆sign in 签到；把的名字登记sign off 结束写信辨析：sign与marksign与mark都含有“标记”；“征兆”的意思。(1)sign系常用词，指“具有一定含义的任何有形或无形的符号或标志，它可以表示实物、表情、动作、文字、语言及任何痕迹或征兆”。There is a stop sign at an intersection.在交叉路口处有停车标志。(2)mark指“为某一目的而有意作的标记”，
4、也指“无意留下或自然形成的痕迹”。Suffering left its mark on his face.苦难的经历在他脸上留下了痕迹。即学即用语法填空In our class,when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book,it was a_(sign)for everyone to stand up.答案：signal本题考查名词的词义。singal“标志”；暗示的信号(物)，符合句意。2instruct v.教导；命令；通知They havent instructed us where to go.他们还未指示我们到何处去。知识拓展i
5、nstruct sb.in sth.教授某人学某科目instruct sb.about sth.向某人下命令；指导He instructs our class in physics.他教我们班的物理课。(1)instruction n(对知识的)教授；传授；教导In this course,students receive instruction in basic engineering.在本课程中，学生能学到基础工程学的知识。(2)instructions n.指示；命令；用法说明；操作指南She had instructions to be home by midnight.命令她午夜前必
6、须回家。即学即用语法填空You should read the_(instruct)in the car repair manual(手册)carefully before you start to work on it.答案：instructions名词辨析。instructions“指示；说明”。由句意可知用instructions。3blow v吹响(乐器、号角等)；吹，刮；爆炸The referee blew his whistle.裁判吹响了哨子。It was blowing hard.刮着大风。Her hair was blowing in the breeze.她的头发在微风中飘
7、扬。The safe had been blown by the thieves.保险箱被窃贼炸开了。知识拓展blow(.)down/off/over(借助于风、呼气等之力沿某方向)移动blow out吹熄，爆裂blow up“爆炸；炸飞；充气”，一般指“(人用炸药)炸毁(楼房等)”。即学即用语法填空(1)The trees_(blow down)in the storm have been moved off the road.答案：blown down考查过去分词作定语。blown down为过去分词修饰the trees。The trees blown down in the storm
8、相当于The trees which were blown down in the storm.。(2)The winds blow _ the sea,pushing little waves into bigger and bigger ones.答案：across穿过广阔的海洋、沙漠、平原等，用across。句意为：风吹过海面，把小的波浪推向前进，变成越来越大的波浪。4react vi.(化学)反应；反对；反抗How did he react when you called him a fool?你骂他傻瓜时，他反应如何？You never know how he is going to
9、 react.你根本不知道他会作何反应。Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wish.孩子们通常以违背父母意愿的行为来反抗他们。知识拓展(1)react构成的固定搭配：react against sth./sb.反对；反抗Many people reacted strongly against tax increases.许多人强烈反对增税。react with sth.与起(化学)反应Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.铁与水和空气起化
10、学反应而生锈。(2)reaction nU，C反应，回应；反对，反抗Her reaction to his complaints is turning her back on him.她听到他的埋怨之后的反应就是不再理睬他了。There is no reaction to his suggestion.没有人对他的建议做出回应。The contraction of muscle is a reaction of the body.肌肉的收缩是人体的一种反应。(3)reaction及其各相关词：actreactinteractABABABactionreactioninteraction作用 反
11、作用 相互作用即学即用语法填空(1)How did your mother react _ the news?She reacted by getting very angry.答案：toreact to表示“对(情况、行动、影响等做出的)反应，回应”。句意为：你妈妈对这个消息的反应怎样？她非常生气。(2)How do you react _ your fathers suggestion?I reacted strongly _it.答案：to;againstreact to“对的反应”；react against“反对”。句意为：你对你父亲的建议有何反应？我坚决反对。5solution n
12、U，C答案；解决(办法)She can find no solution to her financial troubles.她无法克服经济困难。No other solution to this problem seemed possible.看来这个问题没有其他的解决办法了。知识拓展(1)a solution to a problem问题的解决办法(2)与介词to连用的名词还有：the answer to.的答案the entrance to.的入口the key to.的钥匙/答案/关键the access to.的通道/机会(3)solve vt.解决；解答He has tried h
13、is best to solve the problem.他已尽了最大努力来解决这个问题。We finally solved the difficulty of transportation.最后我们解决了运输上的困难。He is good at solving crossword puzzles.他善于解答纵横字谜。即学即用语法填空When you came,I was trying to find the _(solve)to the problem that we were short of seats for so many people.答案：solutiona solution t
14、o a problem意为“解决问题的办法”，符合题意。句意为：你来时，我正试图找到办法来解决没有供这么多人坐的座位的问题。6mood nC心情；心境He is in a bad mood.他心情不好。His mood suddenly changed and he became calm.他的情绪突然一变，冷静了下来。知识拓展(1)mood构成的固定搭配：be in the mood for(doing)sth./to do sth.有做某事的心情Im not in the mood to argue with you.我没有心思跟你争论。be in no mood for(doing)st
15、h./to do sth.没有心思做某事。Hes in no mood for(telling)jokes/to tell jokes.他没心情说笑话。(2)moody adj.喜怒无常的Sometimes hes fun to be with;at other times he can be very moody.他有时候很风趣，有时又喜怒无常。即学即用语法填空With two exams to worry about,Im in _ bad mood and not in _ mood to go to the cinema.答案：a;thebe in a bad mood指“情绪不好”；
16、in the mood to do sth.意为“想做某事，有做某事的心情”。句意为：因为担心即将举行的两次考试，我心情不好，没心思去看电影。1.not just(only).but also.不但而且Not only he but also you have read the book.不但他而且你也读过这本书。知识拓展(1)not only.but also.连接两个并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词形式按就近原则。(2)not only.but also.连接两个并列分句时，not only分句用部分倒装语序，but also分句用正常语序。Not only are you wrong b
17、ut also he is wrong.不仅你错了，而且他也错了。注 意：not only.but also.,either.or.,neither.nor.,not.but.连接两个并列主语时，用法一样，谓语动词形式按就近原则。Are either you or he going to Beijing tomorrow?是你或他明天要去北京吗？辨析：as well as;not only.but also;rather thanas well as强调其前面的人或事物；not only.but also强调but also之后的人或事物；rather than表示“而非”，连接两个主语时动词
18、要注意就近原则。He was sensible as well as kind.他既善良又明智。He gave not only advice but also some books.他不仅给我提了建议，而且还给了我一些书。She rather than I am interested in the novelShe,not I,is interested in the novelShe instead of me is interested in the novel.她对这部小说感兴趣，而我则不感兴趣。即学即用语法填空The computer was used in teaching.As
19、a result,not only_teachers energy saved,but students became more interested in the lessons.答案：was句意为“计算机应用于教学。结果，不仅教师 节 省 能 量，而 且 学 生 对 课 程 更 感 兴 趣。”考 查“not only.but also.”结构，not only放在句首作状语，句子需要部分倒装。not only 后句子倒装，but also后句子不倒装。2as a result 结果是；作为结果He had a road accident.As a result，he had to stay
20、 in hospital for a whole month.他出了一次车祸，结果只得在医院里躺了整整一个月。知识拓展(1)as a/the result ofbecause of;owing to;thanks to由于；作为的结果She died as a/the result of her injuries.她由于受伤而死亡。(2)result form因而发生；随产生The accident resulted from his carelessness.这场事故是由他的粗心引起的。(3)result in 造成；导致His carelessness resulted in the ac
21、cident.他的粗心导致了这场事故。即学即用Jenny nearly missed the flight_a result of doing too much shopping.答案：as本题题意：由于购物过度，珍妮差一点错过了航班。as a/the result of表示“作为的结果；因为”。They should close the city centre to all traffic except buses and bikes,and build large car parks outside the town.他们应该关闭中心的交通，只对公共汽车和自行车开放，并且在城外建立大型停车
22、场。except prep.used to introduce the only thing or person in a group about which a statement is not true 除之外We know nothing about him except that he is from Australia.对于他，我们除了知道他来自于澳大利亚外，其他的一无所知。We all went to have the picnic except Emma.除了埃玛我们大家都去野炊了。辨析：besides,except,except for,except that(1)beside
23、s意为“除了之外(还有)”，有肯定的附加意义，即表示“在之外，还另有”。All of us passed the English exam besides Alice.除了艾丽丝之外，我们大家也都通过了英语考试。(艾丽丝及格了，我们大家也及格了。)(2)except意为“除之外(不包括本身在内)”，有否定和排除的含义，表示从整体中除去一部分，着重在“不包括”的含义上。All of us passed the English exam except Alice.除了艾丽丝之外，我们大家都通过了英语考试。(艾丽丝没有及格)(3)besides和except必须是同类人或物相加减，在否定句中两者可互
24、换。John has no other electric trains except/besides this one.除了这列电动火车外，约翰没有别的电动火车了。(4)except for没有项目类别的明显限制，强调整体与部分的局部关系。The translation is well done except for a few small mistakes.除了几处小错误之外，翻译练习做得很好。(5)except that用来表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况，其后接从句可以与except for互换。Your article is quite good except that there
25、are several spelling mistakes.Your article is quite good except for several spelling mistakes.你的文章很好，只是有几处拼写错误。一言辨异We all went there except him last time.This time well all go besides him.上次除了他没去外，我们都去了。这次除他去以外，我们也都去那里。提示：(1)except/but作“除了”讲时，其前如果出现do的某种形式，其后用不带to的不定式，否则不定式符号to不能省略。We had nothing to
26、 do except/but listen to MP3 to kill time.我们无事可做，只好听MP3来消磨时间。We have no choice except to read more books to make us learned.我们除了多读书使我们有学识外，别无选择。(2)as well as作“除了”讲时，相当于besides，而apart from与besides和except可互换使用。即学即用语法填空Some people choose jobs for other reasons_moneythese days.答案：besides介词用法。句意：现在人们选择职业
27、除了经济方面还有其他原因。新课标语法祈使句图解语法助记表解语法助记表一：祈使句的用法用法祈使句表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等，往往表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等意思。肯定形式Be sure to get here before nine.请九点钟以前到这儿。Take care not to catch a cold.小心别着凉了。否定形式Dont trouble to come over yourself.你不必费神亲自过来。Never do that again.再也不要这样做了。反意疑问形式(1)当肯定祈使句表示请求语气时，用will you。Open the door,w
28、ill you?开开门，好吗？(2)当肯定祈使句表示征求某人意见或邀请语气时，用wont you。Come to dinner with me,wont you？与我一起吃饭，可以吗？(3)否定祈使句用will you。Dont open the window,will you?不要开窗子，好吗？(4)Lets开头的祈使句，常用shall we。Lets go shopping together,shall we?我们一起去购物，好吗？(5)Let us开头的祈使句，常用will you。Let us go swimming,Mum,will you?妈妈，让我们去游泳，行吗？注意事项(1)祈
29、使句的主语通常不需要表示出来。Dont worry.Ill soon be all right.(你们)不必担心，我很快就会好起来。(2)有时为了指明是向谁提出要求或命令，主语也可以表示出来，也可以加称呼语。You clean the windows,and you boys sweep the floor.你擦窗子，你们男孩子拖地板。(3)祈使句的谓语有时也用进行时。Dont be standing in the rain.别站在雨里了。(4)以lets引起的句子是一种祈使句，表示建议，其否定式为：Lets not.。Lets not waste our time arguing about
30、 it.咱们别费时间争论这件事了。(5)无动词祈使句多用于口号、告示等，表达起来更加简洁明了，通俗易懂。After you!您先请！Bottoms up!干杯！表二：祈使句的结构结构类别形式例句“V”结构v.(行为动词原形)宾语其他Come and meet my family！来见见我的家人！“B”结构be表语(形容词)其他Be quiet,boys and girls！同学们，请安静！“L”结构Let宾语(not)动词原形其他Lets go to the washroom.咱们去洗手间吧。“D”结构Dont动词原形其他“Do祈使句”表示强烈的语气或感情Dont put them here.
31、不要把它们放在这儿。Do remember my words.务必要记住我的话。即学即用语法填空(1)Find ways to praise your children often,_ youll find they will open their hearts to you.答案：and考查并列连词。本题采用句式：祈使句and(那么)/or(否则)将来时。句意：经常寻找途径来表扬你的孩子，那么你将发现他们会对你敞开心扉。(2)Bring the flowers into a warm room _ theyll soon open.答案：and考查并列连词。“祈使句and/or表示结果的句子
32、”是固定句型，祈使句相当于条件句；and表顺承。句意：把花带到暖和的房间里，它们很快就会开放。(3)If you have a job,_(devote)yourself to it and finally youll succeed.答案：do devote考查do在肯定句中的用法。do用在肯定句中表示强调，用来加强语气，意思是“务必，千万，确实”。(4)Please do me a favor_(invite)my friend Mr.Smith to Youth Theater at 7：30 tonight.答案：invite句中破折号表示解释说明，空格处表示的语气应为祈使意义，所以用
33、动词原形。(5)_(hold on)a moment and I will go to your rescue.答案：Hold on根据后句的“.I will go to your rescue.”可知，这里应是“别松手，坚持住”。(6)_(search)the website of the Fire Department in your city,and you will learn a lot about firefighting.答案：Searchand连接并列句，由此可判断前一句为单独的一句话，而不是句子的某个成分。如没有and，则可选现在分词。(7)_(go)straight on
34、and youll see a church.You wont miss it.答案：Go中间的连词and说明前后都是独立的句子，并且and已起到连接作用，所以不可重复使用连词。本句结构为：祈使句and陈述句if条件句主句。(8)There are eight tips in Dr.Rogers lecture on sleep，and one of them is:_(not go)to bed early unless you think it is necessary.答案：dont go空格前有一冒号，预示着后面应是个句子，故用dont go构成祈使句。(9)(重 庆 高 考 改 编)
35、Before you quit your job,_(consider)how your family would feel about your decision.答案：consider考查非谓语动词。句意：在你辞职之前，考虑一下你家人对你的决定的感受。由句意可知，第二个分句应该是祈使句，故原形正确。(10)(北京高考改编)_(knock)at the door before you enter my room,please.答案：Knock本题考查祈使句。句意：在进我的房间之前请先敲门。句中出现连词before说明前后都为句子，因此用knock原形。基 础 巩 固.单词拼写1She _(打
36、开)on the washing machine,and threw the dirty clothes in.2The guard _(吹响)his whistle,and the train moved off.3 A police car passed him at top speed,sounding its _(喇叭)4An acid can _(反应)with a base to form a salt.5They have found the _(解决办法)to the math problem.6The good news dragged me out of my black
37、_(心情)答案：1.switched2.blew3.horn4.react5.solution6mood.根据所给的汉语提示完成句子，每空一词1Yesterday,he went out without a coat in the cold rain._ _ _(结果),he got a cold.2 Life is hard.We should work and study _ _ _ _(心情好)every day.3The town is old and the streets are narrow,so there is _ _(没有空间)for bus lanes.4The way
38、you _ _(想出)to solve the problem didnt work.5Its a good idea to avoid _ _ _(上下班的高峰时间)when going out.6When in a traffic jam,you can _ _(关掉)the motor and _ _(打开)the car radio.7Waiting long in a traffic jam can _ _ _(使你发疯)答 案：1.As a result2.in a good mood3.no room4.thought of5.the rush hours6.switch/tur
39、n off;turn/switch on7.drive you mad.完成句子1When you are stuck in a difficult problem while having an exam,you must _ _(保持冷静)and try another method.2Be sure to _ _(关掉)the light when you leave the classroom.3The citizens cant stand the loud noise from the factory nearby,which can _ _ _(让他们发疯)4Mum,let us
40、 play computer games for a while,will you?_ _(没 门 儿).Why dont you go swimming on such a hot day?5Hes always _ _ _ _(心情很坏)on Sundays.答案：1.keep cool2.switch off3.drive them mad4No way5.in a bad mood.语法填空1Why not _(follow)your study plan instead of following others?答案：follow句意：为什么不按你的学习计划，而不是其他人的？why n
41、ot后跟动词原形，相当于why dont you动词原形。2It is the third time that Tom has been late this week.Whatever the cause is,its enough to drive you _.答案：mad句意：这是汤姆这周第三次迟到了。无论什么原因都足以使你生气。drive sb.mad使某人生气。3What do you think of Jays new album?As far as I know,the listeners _ well to it after it is put into the market.答
42、案：react句意：你认为Jay的唱片怎么样？就我所知，上市之后听众对它反映不错。根据上文问对专辑的评价，及空后的to可知用react。react to.“对有反应”。4Dont leave the water _(run)while you brush your teeth.答案：running句意：刷牙时不要让水一直淌。考查leave复合结构。leave.doing“使一直做”。5This desk takes up a lot of _.答案：room句意：这书桌占据了“很多的”空间。room表“空间、面积”时，是不可数名词。6 Not only _the teacher himself
43、 interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.答案：isnot only.but also.连接两个句子时，not only位于句首，其后的句子要使用部分倒装语序，but also所在句子不倒装。7So how is your new roommate?She really turned me_.Shes always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her,she always makes rude re
44、marks.答案：offturn sb.off“使某人厌烦或厌恶”。根据我的新室友经常在深夜制造噪音，当我提醒她时，她却说脏话可知她的这些举动当然令我生厌。故用off。8Jane was so _(thirst)for the news of her lost child that she was almost driven _.答案：thirsty;mad由句意：孩子丢了，简如此想知道孩子的消息，以至于几乎要发疯了。be thirsty for“渴望”；drive sb.mad“使某人发疯”，形容词mad作宾补。9_(lock)the door before you leave.答案：Lock句意：你走之前锁好门。此句考查祈使句，表示叮嘱。要用动词原形开头。10_(not)look at the sun with your eyes.Youll have your eyes hurt.答案：Dont句意：不要用眼睛看太阳，你的眼睛会受伤的。考查祈使句的否定形式，句首加dont。课后强化作业（点此链接）
