1、题型二 自由类填空第4讲 冠词、介词和代词技法1 当空格需要填冠词时的解题技巧 空格后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义,或有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时,则空格处一般填冠词。1.【解析】a。考查冠词。根据句意“我们以为这是一个玩笑”,以及joke为可数名词,可知用不定冠词。2.【解析】the。考查定冠词。the past 25 years 意为“过去的25年”,此处特指过去的25年。3.【解析】the。考查固定搭配。at the top of ones lungs尽量大声地,声嘶力竭地。【技法点金】明晰冠词的解题思路1.明确冠词在句中的习惯位置冠词是名词的标志,当空格后
2、面是名词或“形容词+名词”,而且没有其他限定词时,一般需要用冠词。2.辨析特指和泛指在文中第一次提到某人或某物时,一般为泛指,用不定冠词;第二次提到时用定冠词表特指;当名词前有定语修饰时,多数情况用定冠词表特指;序数词或最高级前要用定冠词。3.注意a与an的选用:主要看名词首字母的发音,而不是首字母。4.牢记含有冠词的固定搭配含有不定冠词的固定搭配have a rest(休息);have a break(休息);take a walk(散步);have a look(看一看);in a moment(立刻);in a minute(马上);once upon a time(曾经);twice
3、a week(一周两次);a type of(一种);a pile of(一堆);a greatamount of(大量的);as a result(结果);in a hurry(立刻);in a word(总之);have a good knowledge of(了解)等。含有定冠词的固定搭配make the most of(充分利用);in the daytime(白天);in the end(最后);in the habit of(有习惯);not in the least(not at all)(一点也不);in the distance(在远处);in the way(挡道);on
4、the whole(总之);on the right/left(在右/左边);at the same time(同时);at the moment(此时);on the spot(当场);go to the cinema/theatre(去看电影);to tell the truth(说实话);go to the doctors(去看病);for the time being(暂时);on the radio/phone(通过无线电广播/广播电话);by the way(顺便说一下)等。【易错警示】特指泛指辨不清,冠词误用Of the two apples,I prefer _ bigger
5、one.It is _ most delicious one,I think.【剖析】题特指两个苹果中较大的那个,应用定冠词the;题泛指一个非常可口的苹果,应用不定冠词a。【过关检测】1.(2017全国卷)This included digging up the road,laying the track and then building a strong roof over _ top.2.(2017全国卷)As _ result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.thea3.(2
6、017浙江6月高考)For Pahlsson,its return was _wonder.4.(2017浙江11月高考)Like many things in life,its _ ongoing process,and the best part of the process is that theres enough room for improvement.aan5.Painting was contemporary with calligraphy,sharing _ same toolsnamely,brush and ink.6.When a course is complete
7、d,users can receive _electronic certificate or pay for a paper copy.thean技法2 当空格需要填介词时的解题技巧 当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。1.【解析】of。考查介词。a pack of为固定搭配,表示“一群”,故填of。2.【解析】for。考查介词。search for为固定搭配,意为“寻找,搜索”。3.【解析】for。考查固定搭配。be well-known for 因而出名。【技法点金】牢记常考介词构成的短语1.由at构成的短语at da
8、wn/sunrise/noon/night/dusk黎明、日出、中午、晚上、黄昏;at table/college吃饭、上大学;at last最后;at a time一次;at times有时候;at the same time同时;at all costs不惜一切代价;at least至少;at thethought/sight of一想到/一看到;at home在家;at risk冒险;at one time曾经;at present目前;at first最初;at most至多2.由by构成的短语by accident/chance偶然;by turns轮流;by check用支票;by
9、 mistake错误地;by no means决不;by e-mail通过电子邮件;by birth出身;by means of借助手段;by the way顺便说一句3.由from构成的短语from memory凭记忆;from day to day日复一日;from now on 从现在起;from bad to worse越来越糟;from beginning to end 从头到尾;from time to time时不时地4.由in构成的短语in high/poor/bad spirits情绪高涨/低落/差;in tears热泪盈眶;in fear在恐惧中;in danger在危险中
10、;in peace和平相处;in surprise惊讶;in trouble陷入困境;in safety很安全;in need有需要;in good order很整齐;in silence静静地;in doubt有疑问;in a sense从某种意义上来说;in flower开花;in advance事先;in the meantime同时;in case假使;in case of如果发生;in fact实际上;in general一般说来;in turn 轮流;in public公开地;in short总之;in ones opinion在某人看来;in no time立刻;in all总共
11、;in brief简而言之;in good condition状况好;in order井井有条;in other words换句话说;in return作为报答;in the course of在过程中;in the end最后;in the long run从长远来看5.由on构成的短语on board乘(车,飞机);on duty值班;on fire着火;on earth到底;on holiday/vacation度假;on strike罢工;on show在上映;on(the)average平均;on purpose故意地;on the contrary相反;on the way to在
12、途中;on foot步行;on hire雇用;on business出差;on sale在出售/在打折;on a visit在访问;on the spot当场;on the phone在打/接电话;on time准时6.由of构成的短语of+抽象名词=形容词of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词如It is of great/much value.=It is very valuable.of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词如It is of no use.=It is not useful.=It is useless.7.由out of构成的短语out of breath气
13、喘吁吁;out of control失去控制;out of danger脱险;out of work失业;out of date过时;out of fashion不时尚;out of order发生故障;out of reach拿不到;out of touch失去联系;out of the question不可能;out of question没问题【易错警示】逻辑不清,介词误用When I was a college student,our English professor left a deep impression _me.When I was a college student,ou
14、r English professor left a deep impression _being a kind man.【剖析】题意为“给我留下了深刻的印象”,应用介词on;题意为“给人亲切的印象”,应用介词of。【过关检测】1.(2018浙江6月高考)If you are not going to suffer this problem,then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home _ dinner,get a few cooking tips from her.for2.(2017浙江11月高考)You wouldn
15、t think that a few months of exercise in your teens would be enough _the rest of your life.3.(2019石家庄一模)Calligraphy was regarded _ a fine art long before painting.foras4.(2019山东省实验中学二模)Approaches to learning Chinese vary from person to person,_ more and more people choosing university courses in Rus
16、sia.5.The French ruler Louis the Fourteenth had a big influence _ the direction of ballet in its early history.withon6._ fact,it used to be the way to describe the speed of the superhero Supermanhe is“faster than a speeding bullet”.In技法3 当空格需要填代词时的解题技巧 当句中缺少主语或宾语时,一般要填代词,主要包括不定代词和it。1.【解析】it。考查代词。it
17、作形式主语,不定式to eat out为真正的主语。2.【解析】it。考查代词。根据句意可知,此处表示“我们都应该试着跑跑步”,故填代词it,指代上文的run。【技法点金】1.熟记不定代词的区别the other指两者中的另一个,表示特指。other作前置定语,修饰可数名词复数,不可单独使用,表示泛指,意为“另外的,其他的”。others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”,常用结构:some.others.;而the others表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。another泛指同类的人或物,指三者或三者以上的另一个,可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”,其复数
18、形式是ones。that/those指代前面出现过的名词。that指代单数名词或不可数名词,而those指代复数名词。2.牢记代词it的常考用法指代天气、时间、距离等。代替上文提到过的事物。代替性别不明的婴儿、动物或不确定的某个人。代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。it的常用固定句型It is/was+被强调成分+that+其他It+be+adj.+of/for sb.to do sth.It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.It is a pity/a fact/no wonder/adj.+that.It
19、seems/appears/turned out/occurred to sb.+that.It is said/reported/believed.+that.It takes sb.some time/money to do sth.主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/make/keep.+it+补语+to do sth./that.主语+like/hate/love/appreciate.+it+从句【易错警示】混淆代词,指代错误They take their dogs for walks and give _ good food and medical
20、care.They take their dog for walks and give _ good food and medical care.【剖析】题指代的是dogs,应用人称代词them;题指代的是dog,应用人称代词it。【过关检测】1.(2017全国卷)However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using _ every day.it2.(2019广州二模)If you pick one and put _ in your mouth,you will surely never forget the wonderful taste produced by the burning sun and the desert wind of southern Xinjiang.3.Starbucks,an international coffee chain,is to offer its customers a discount if _ bring their own cups to have drinks at the cafe.itthey
