1、第4讲议论文In our modern world,when something wears out,we throw it away and buy a new one.The1is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 2because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.How did we3a throwaway society?First of all,it is now easier to4an object than to spen
2、d time and money to repair it.5modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology,companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and6.Another cause is our7of disposable(一次性的)products.As8people,we are always looking for9to save time and make our lives easier.Companies 10
3、thousands of different kinds of disposable products:paper plates,plastic cups,and cameras,to name a few.Our appetite for new products also11to the problem.We are12buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that13is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we14
4、useful possessions to make room for new ones.All around the world,we can see the15of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To16the amount of rubbish and to protect the17,more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.18,this is not enough to solve(解决)our
5、problem.Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions19throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about20.Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.【文章大意】现代社会中,人们扔掉的
6、垃圾越来越多。文章讨论了产生这种问题的原因,并提出了改变消费方式,利用可再生原料,保护环境等解决对策。1.A.keyB.reasonC.projectD.problem【解析】选D。根据上文“在现代社会,当东西用坏后,我们就会把它扔掉并买一个新的”和下文“人们扔掉了比以往更多的垃圾”,可知这是一个问题。2.A.gifts B.rubbishC.debt D.products【解析】选B。根据下文的“rubbish”和“Mountains of rubbish”可知,本题选B。3.A.face B.becomeC.observe D.change【解析】选B。人们不断地扔垃圾,导致垃圾越来越多。
7、所以可判断该句句意为“我们是如何成为满是废品的社会的呢?”become变成。4.A.hide B.controlC.replace D.withdraw【解析】选C。句意:首先,现在替换一个东西要比花费时间、金钱修一个东西更加容易。replace替换。5.A.Thanks toB.As toC.Except forD.Regardless of【解析】选A。根据下文“公司能快速而又廉价地生产产品”可知,这多亏了现代制造业和科技。thanks to多亏了,幸亏。6.A.safeB.funnyC.cheapD.powerful【解析】选C。根据上文“公司能快速而又廉价地生产产品”可知产品应是丰富而
8、又便宜的。cheap便宜的。7.A.love B.lackC.preventionD.division【解析】选A。根据下文“节约时间和使我们的生活更加容易”可知我们是“喜爱”一次性产品的。love喜爱,喜欢。8.A.sensitiveB.kindC.braveD.busy【解析】选D。根据下文“节约时间和使我们的生活更加容易”可知我们是很忙的人。busy繁忙的。9.A.waysB.placesC.jobsD.friends【解析】选A。根据句意“作为繁忙的人,我们总是寻找节约时间和使我们的生活变得更容易的方法”可知选A。way方法。10.A.donate B.receiveC.produce
9、 D.preserve【解析】选C。根据上文的produce一词可知该空选C。11.A.adaptsB.returnsC.responds D.contributes【解析】选D。句意:我们对新产品的欲望也会导致这一问题。contribute to导致。12.A.tired of B.addicted toC.worried about D.ashamed for【解析】选B。根据上文“我们对新产品的欲望”和下文“扔掉有用之物来为新买的东西腾出空间”可知我们对买新产品“上瘾”。be addicted to对上瘾。13.A.newer B.strongerC.higher D.larger【解析
10、】选A。根据本句中的the latest products最新的产品,可知该句句意是“广告说服我们,使我们认为更新的产品更好”。14.A.pick upB.pay forC.hold ontoD.throw away【解析】选D。根据上下文的throwaway一词,再结合该句句意“结果是我们扔掉了有用之物来为新买的东西腾出空间”。throw away扔掉。15.A.advantages B.purposesC.functions D.consequences【解析】选D。根据下文“垃圾山越来越大”可知,这是我们的“这种扔掉型的生活方式”所造成的结果。consequence结果。16.A.sho
11、w B.recordC.decrease D.measure【解析】选C。根据下文的“保护我们的环境和要求人们使用可再生原料”可知该处意为“为了减少垃圾的数量”。decrease减少。17.A.technology B.environmentC.consumers D.brands【解析】选B。根据我们的知识,“使用可再生原料”就是“保护环境”可知选B。18.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Meanwhile【解析】选A。上文提到一种保护环境的方法,下文又说这种方法还不足以解决我们的(垃圾越来越多的)问题。可知上下文应是转折关系,故用however“然而”。1
12、9.A.by B.in favour ofC.after D.instead of【解析】选D。另一种方法就是修理我们的东西而不是扔掉它们。空格前后应是正反对比关系。instead of而不是。20.A.spendingB.collectingC.repairingD.advertising【解析】选A。根据下文的spending一词可知此处选A。句意:我们也需要重新思考我们对于消费的态度。【文本整体感知】1.解读主旨阅读文章,根据提示回答问题Whats the main idea of the passage?We are living _ because people _than ever
13、 before.We need to _and _.in a throwaway societyare throwing out more rubbishdo something to reduce the amount of rubbishtake care of our environment2.理清结构3.鉴赏语言请找出反映文章主旨的词汇和表达_ recycle,make room for,contribute to,be addicted to,wear out,throw away,rubbish,cause【解题思路模板】思路1.理清段落脉络,注意前后照应第一段由两个句子构成,其中
14、第二个句子是对全文首句的拓展。注意第二段首句的问句与第一段之间的关系。另外第五段首句与第一段照应。尝试完成下面题目:T1_T2_T3_T15_DBBD思路2.寻找线索词文中第二、三、四段回答了 How did we become a throwaway society?这一问题。三个方面的原因由主到次,分别由 first of all,another(cause),also(contributes to the problem)串为一体。善于抓住这一类线索词,可以从宏观确定答案。尝试完成下面题目:T4_T5_T6_T7_T8_T9_T10_T11_T12_T13_T14_CACADACDBAD
15、【完形微技能】技法1 明晰议论文的写作特点1.结构清晰,脉络有序。议论文是高考完形填空中较难的一种文体,一般由三个要素组成:论点、论据、结论。论点和论据形成一体,相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚,行文流畅,会使用一些连接词,如:onthe contrary,all in all,in short,generally speaking,worse still,on the other hand,in conclusion,as a consequence等。2.首句制胜,论点明确。议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点,然后在各段的首句提出分论点。3.不同的议论
16、文论点的提出方式不同,有以下三种情况:开门见山地提出论点,然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点,论据有时候既有正面的论据,也有反面的论据,最后总结全文。导入式提出论点。先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象,然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点,再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象,不表明自己的观点,是通过对具体现象的分析,自然得出一种结论,本文属于第类。技法2 关注否定词,把握句子逻辑完形填空中少不了NOT,它与上下文有着千丝万缕的关系。善于抓住它,可以提供做题线索。例如第五段中最后一句 this is not enough
17、to solve our problem.而T18之前的为一个肯定的叙述,因此判断T18前后句意为转折关系。技法3 抓住复现词,找到解题线索议论文中不可避免地出现大量的(同义)复现词,根据复现可以找到解题线索。如本文中 wear out;throw way;mountains of;plentiful;disposable;the amount of等。如T14就是根据前后文复现选择出正确答案的。再如第二段中T6就是根据前文中inexpensively确定的答案。【思维迁移升华】阅读原文概要,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It is said that we are ent
18、ering a throwaway society,1._ means that people these days tend to throw away old things and buy new ones.There are a few 2._(factor)behind this phenomenon.whichfactorsFirst of all,with the 3._(develop)of technology,the company can produce 4._(many)cheap products.Apart from economic and technical re
19、asons,other factors include peoples lack 5._awareness of environmental protection.For example,some people use disposable products for 6._developmentmoreofconvenience(convenient)every day paying little attention to 7._impact on the environment.So our appetite for new products also 8._(lead)to the pro
20、blem.theleadsAt present,many governments are encouraging people 9._(use)recyclable materials.Despite the improvement of our living conditions,10._(throw)old things away should be discouraged and it is everyones responsibility to protect the environment.to usethrowing【题后反思】阅读文章最后一段,体会第一句中another有什么作用。将最后一句翻译成汉语。_another way out 与上一段紧密结合,说明最后两段是一个整体。最后一句:Repairing our possessions and changingour spending habits may be the best way to reduce theamount of rubbish and take care of our environment.译文:修理我们的东西和改变我们的消费习惯可能是减少垃圾数量和保护我们的环境的最好方法。
